Ndi mathamangidwe a Dziko Lapansi dzuwa. ndi pafupipafupi zingapo za Earth kuzungulira Sun chiyani?

Bakuman ndi zamatsenga dziko ya zakuthambo kalelo chidwi cha anthu. Anthu omwe akulira mitu yawo kwa nyenyezi, ndipo anafunsa funso wosatha chifukwa nyenyezi kusintha malo awo, chifukwa, usana ndi usiku, chifukwa kwinakwake chimkokomo Mkuntho, koma penapake mu chipululu, kuphatikiza 50 ...

Movement wa nyenyezi ndi kalendala

Ambiri a dziko lapansili dzuŵa iye yekhayo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kupanga ankasinthana dzuwa. Ena mofulumira ndipo mofulumira, pamene ena - pang'onopang'ono ndipo mwakachetechete. Earth yotero, izo zonse akusuntha mu mlengalenga. Ngakhale kale anthu kudziwa zimayambitsa ndi limagwirira gulu limeneli ife anaona chitsanzo wamba ndipo anayamba kalendala. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu chidwi ndi funso zimene mathamangidwe a Dziko Lapansi dzuwa.

Dzuwa limatuluka m'mawa

Movement la dziko lapansi kuzungulira nguli - tsiku lapansi. A chikudutsa dziko lonse pa kanjira ellipsoidal padziko lonse - ndi kalendala chaka.

Ngati inu kuyima pa Pole North ndi olamulira kungoganiza mwa Earth kwa Pole South, likukhalira kuti dziko likuyenda kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa. Kumbukirani pa "Lay" limanena kuti "dzuwa limatuluka m'bandakucha?" East nthawi akukumana dzuŵa pamaso kumadzulo. N'chifukwa chake Chaka Chatsopano ku Far East abwera kale kuposa mu Moscow.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, asayansi anatsimikiza kuti mfundo ziwiri zokha padziko lathuli ali mu malo amodzi malo ake kwa zoyenda zozungulira. Izi ndi North ndi South mizati.

openga liwiro

malo ena onse padziko lapansili ndi zoyenda lopitirira. liwiro kasinthasintha Earth padziko dzuwa ndi chiyani? Pa equator, ndi apamwamba, kufika makilomita 1670 paola. Pafupi ndi M'madera a zitunda pakati, mwachitsanzo mu Italy, ali kale kwambiri m'munsi liwiro - 1200 kukafika pa ola limodzi. Ndi kuyandikira kwa mizati, choncho ndi kuchepa.

Earth yozungulira nthawi padziko nguli wofanana maola 24. Kotero kuti asayansi. Ife timachitcha icho chosavuta - tsiku.

Ndipo liwiro limene Lapansi imazungulira kuzungulira Sun?

Nthawi 350 mofulumira kuposa galimoto mtundu

Kuwonjezera pa kasinthasintha za olamulira, dziko lapansi komanso wopanga kayendedwe elliptical mozungulira nyenyezi lotchedwa dzuwa. Kodi kudya Lapansi imazungulira kuzungulira Sun? Asayansi kale masamu chithunzi ntchito mitunduyi zovuta anapezazo. Dziko Lapansi kasinthasintha liwiro mozungulira dzuwa ndi makilomita 107 pa ola limodzi zikwi.

N'zovuta ngakhale kuyesa kuyerekezera openga awa, kanjedza zosatheka. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale apamwamba liwiro anagona galimoto - makilomita 300 pa ola - nthawi 356 pang'onopang'ono kuposa liwiro kanjira dziko lapansi.

Ife timaganiza kuti ndi dzuwa auka ndipo likutuluka, kuti dziko n'kupuma ndi kuwala amapanga bwalo kumwamba. Kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu ankaganiza choncho mpaka asayansi atsimikizira kuti zonse ndi mnzanu. Lero, ngakhale sukulu amadziwa zomwe zikuchitika m'dzikoli, dziko pang'onopang'ono ndipo mwakachetechete zikuyendayenda Dzuwa, osati mosemphanitsa. Kumachitika Earth kuzungulira Sun, osati monga kale anaganiza kuti anthu akale.

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti liwiro kasinthasintha wa dziko padziko nguli ndipo Dzuwa ndi ankalemekeza 1 670 Km paola (pa equator) ndi makilomita 107 pa ola limodzi zikwi, motero. Oo, ife zouluka!

Dzuwa sidereal chaka

Full lozungulira m'malo elliptical chowulungika zooneka dziko lapansili amapita kuzungulira Sun mu masiku 356 5:00 48 Mphindi masekondi 46. Izi kanjedza zakuthambo kuitana "chaka nyenyezi." Motero, funso "Kodi pafupipafupi zingapo za Earth mozungulira dzuwa?" timatani mosavuta komanso momveka: "Chaka". chithunzi adakali zikutsatiridwa, koma pazifukwa zina pakatha zaka zinayi tili tumphatumpha chaka kumachitika, imene tsiku limodzi zambiri.

zakuthambo basi yaitali anavomera kuti owonjezera 5 ndi "khobiri" si maola chaka chilichonse, ndipo chiwerengero cha anasankha chaka zakuthambo, masiku angapo. Choncho, chaka ndi masiku 365. Koma pa nthawi sichinachitikepo kulephera kaimbidwe zachilengedwe sanapite nthawi, pakatha zaka zinayi, kalendala limapezeka tsiku limodzi lokha lowonjezera February. Izi chetvertsutok kwa zaka 4, "akupita" tsiku zonse - ndipo tiona tumphatumpha chaka. Motero, mafunso kodi pafupipafupi kusintha dziko lapansi mozungulira dzuwa, bwinobwino kuti chaka chimodzi.

pali mfundo "chaka dzuwa" ndi "Nyenyezi (sidereal) chaka" mu dziko maphunziro. Kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi mphindi 20 ndipo amachokera chakuti lathuli yatsala zimapangitsa kanjira kake kuposa dzuwa kwawo, amene zakuthambo anatsimikiza mfundo yaikulu ya March vernal. Ife tikudziwa kale liwiro kasinthasintha Earth padziko dzuwa ndi dziko lapansi ladzala yozungulira nthawi padziko Sun ndi wofanana ndi 1 chaka.

Masiku ndi zaka pa maplaneti ena

Mu mapulaneti asanu ndi anayi a dongosolo la zowalitsa - zake "Lingaliro" wa liwiro kuti masiku awa ndipo ndi chaka zakuthambo.

Planet Venus, Mwachitsanzo, momuzungulira yokha 243 masiku Earth. Taganizirani zimene zingakhale basi mu nthawi tsiku lina? Ndipo pamene usiku amakhala!

Koma Jupiter ndi wosiyana. Dziko lino sangathenso za olamulira ndi liwiro chimphona ndi nthawi kupanga kasinthasintha madigiri 360 kwa maola 9,92.

Mlingo wa chigawo cha dziko lapansi mu kanjira kake mozungulira dzuwa ndi chaka (365 masiku), koma Mercury - masiku 58,6 Earth. Mars, dziko pafupi ndi Dziko Lapansi, tsiku kumatenga pafupi zofanana monga Padziko Lapansi - 24 ndi theka maola, koma chaka ndi pafupifupi kawiri bola - masiku 687.

Kuthana la dziko lapansi kuzungulira dzuwa masiku 365. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni kuchulukitsa chithunzi ichi ndi 247,7 ndi kupeza chaka chimodzi pa dziko Pluto. Tachokera Zakachikwi, ndi dziko lakutali mu dongosolo la zowalitsa - zaka zinayi zokha.

Izi ndi mfundo za paradoxical ndi mantha mu mawerengero ake lonse.

ellipse chachinsinsi

Kuti timvetse chifukwa Padziko Lapansi nthawi kusintha nyengo, chifukwa ife, mu msewu pakati, otentha mu chilimwe, ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuyankha osati funso za changu chimene Lapansi imazungulira mozungulira dzuwa, ndi njira. Muyenera kudziwa mmene amachita.

Ndipo amachita zimenezi si bwalo koma ellipse. Ngati Sun kudzatunga kanjira dziko lapansi, tikuona kuti wapafupi a nyale ndi mu January, ndi zambiri - mu July. Yapafupi mfundo malo a Dziko Lapansi mu kanjira otchedwa perihelion, ndi malekezero - aphelion.

Popeza olamulira dziko lapansi osati mu malo woongoka, linapendekeka pa pafupifupi 23,4 madigiri, ndi kulemekeza kwa ellipsoidal kanjira ndingaliro ukuwonjezeka ngodya digiri 66,3, likukhalira kuti m'malo osiyana The Earth imalowetsamo Sun mbali zosiyana.

Chifukwa ndingaliro ya kanjira dziko lapansi akutembenukira kwa hemispheres nyale zosiyanasiyana, choncho kusintha kwa nyengo. Pamene mafunde ake kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi yozizira, Southern limamasula otentha chilimwe. Udzachitike miyezi isanu ndi umodzi - ndipo ichi chidzasintha zosiyaniratu.

Ozizira, padziko lapansi dziko!

Ndipo dzuwa padziko limene chinachake imazungulira? Inde! Mu mlengalenga, pali n'kupuma mwamtheradi zinthu. mapulaneti onse ndi makina awo onse, comets ndi asteroids ndi kuluka ngati clockwork. Inde, matupi osiyanasiyana lakumwamba ndi liwiro kasinthasintha ndi osiyana, komanso mbali ya kupendekeka, koma iwo nthawi zonse zoyenda. Ndipo dzuwa, lomwe ndi nyenyezi, osati yekha.

Dongosolo dzuwa si palokha akachita malo. Ndi mbali ya chachikulu mwauzimu Way wotchedwa Milky Way. Izo, nawonso, muli ochuluka monga nyenyezi wina 200 biliyoni. Dzuwa amayendetsa bwalo za pakati pa mlalang'ambawu. Sun rotational liwiro padziko olamulira ndi Milky njira asayansi komanso masamu ntchito kuzipenya yaitali mitunduyi masamu.

Lero, deta ngati zilipo. mkombero zake zonse za kayendedwe zozungulira kuzungulira Milky Way, dzuwa akudutsa kwa zaka mamiliyoni 226. Mu zakuthambo, chithunzi ichi amatchedwa "chaka galactic". Pankhaniyi, ngati ife kulingalira pamwamba pa ndege ya Way, ndiye nyenyezi lathu likafuna kusinthasintha kakang'ono mmwamba ndi pansi, kuwonekera alternately mu North, mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera kwa Milky Way. Pafupipafupi oscillations awa ali ndi zaka miliyoni 30-35.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti dzuwa panthawi kukhalako kwa Way anatha kupanga 30 kusintha kwathunthu padziko Milky Way. njira iyi, dzuwa koma anakhala ndi moyo zaka 30 zokha galactic. Lang'anani, kotero kuti asayansi.

Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti moyo Padziko Lapansi anayambitsa zaka miliyoni 252 zapitazo. Choncho, akhoza amanena kuti poyamba zamoyo Padziko Lapansi, pamene dzuwa kupanga mpita wake 29. kuzungulira Milky Way, ndiko kuti, pa chaka 29. moyo wake galactic.

Thupi ndi mpweya wa ikuyenda imathamanga osiyana

Tinaphunzira kwambiri mfundo zosangalatsa. Chizindikiro cha mathamangidwe Earth kuzungulira Sun, ife tikudziwa kale, tipeze chimene zakuthambo ndi galactic chaka, changu chimene kusuntha pamodzi zawozo pa dziko ndi dzuwa, ndipo tsopano adzaona mmene kudya dzuwa tembenuzani olamulira a.

Popeza kuti dzuwa chofunika, anaona akatswiri wakale. Ndi nthawi anaonekera ndiyeno kuzimiririka ngati Madontho, kotheka kuona kuti imazungulira padziko olamulira ndi. Koma momwe kudya? Asayansi, ndi njira ambiri masiku ano kafukufuku kwa nthawi yaitali kukangana za izo.

Ndipotu, nyenyezi athu ali zikuchokera zovuta. thupi Lake - olimba-zamadzimadzi. Mkati pali pakati olimba padziko limene otentha madzi m'malaya. Pamwamba - kutumphuka olimba. Kuwonjezera izi pamwamba Dzuwa ndi waphimbika mu mpweya wotentha, umene glows odekha. Izi ndi mpweya lolemera, chomwe makamaka a haidrojini.

Choncho, thupi la Sun yokha imazungulira pang'onopang'ono, ndi gasi moto - kudya.

masiku 25 '22

Chipolopolo kunja kwa dzuwa kumachititsa mosinthanasinthana wathunthu padziko nguli kwa masiku 27 ndi theka. Akatswiri a sayansi ya anali kudziwa, kuona sunspots. Koma pafupifupi izi. Mwachitsanzo, dzuwa mawanga pa equator atembenuza mofulumira ndi kupanga kasinthasintha za olamulira masiku 25. Pa malo a mitengoyo amalimbikitsidwa ndi liwiro la masiku 31 ndi 36.

Thupi lomwelo kwambiri kusintha padziko olamulira nyenyezi zimapangitsa zaka 22,14. Ambiri, kwa zaka zana, zamoyo padziko lapansi kutembenuka olamulira a dzuwa anayi okha ndi theka nthawi.

N'chifukwa chiyani asayansi molondola kuphunzira liwiro kasinthasintha wa nyenyezi wathu?

Chifukwa limayankha mafunso ambiri chirengedwe. Ndipotu, nyenyezi Sun ndiye gwero la moyo wa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Ndi chifukwa cha ndimakwiya dzuwa, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, moyo (zaka miliyoni 252 zapitazo) Padziko Lapansi. Ndipo chifukwa cha khalidwe la Sun kalelo anapha zinyamazi ndi zokwawa ena.

Sveti ife owala dzuwa!

Anthu nthawi zonse kufunsa za, ngati dzuwa kuutsiriza mphamvu yake, ngati uchoka? Kumene, ikupita - mu dziko palibe wosatha. Ndipo nyenyezi chachikulu ndi nthawi ya kubadwa, ntchito ndi kuwola. Koma bola ngati dzuwa ndi pakati pa kuzungulira zamoyo zinachita ndi mphamvu kokwanira. Mwa njira, pa chiyambi cha nyenyezi zinali zochepa yowala. Zakuthambo anatsimikiza kuti mu magawo m'banda chitukuko cha kuwala Sun anali 70 peresenti poyerekeza ndi tsopano.