Ndi mphasa ndi momwe kumvetsa ndi chidule chiyani?

Moscow Art Theatre dzina la M. Gorky - mmodzi wa wotchuka wodziwika ndi otchuka zisudzo m'dziko lathu. wotsogolera Luso ndi wotchuka Ammayi Tatiana Doronin.

Mat

Mat ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zisudzo likulu a. onse okonda zisudzo luso, ndithudi, bwino makalata amenewa wapatali. Mat anakhazikitsidwa mu chaka cha 1898. magwero ake anali KS Stanislavsky ndi V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Zisudzo kangapo anasintha dzina lake. Poyamba ankatchedwa Art ndi zisudzo poyera, mu 1901 analandira dzina la Moscow Art Theatre, ndipo anali kudziŵika kuti Moscow Art Theatre mu 1919. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti achidule - Moscow Art maphunziro Theatre.

History of Theatre Birthday

June 19, 1897 pa odyera "Asilavo Bazaar" kuchita msonkhano KS Stanislavsky ndi V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, imene inafotokoza nkhani ya kulenga chipinda chopangira nzeru kuti kodi kutsatira mfundo pa maziko amene ankagwira ntchito ku Paris "Free Theatre" A. Antoine ndi Berlin zisudzo "Free Gawo" O Brahma. Izi m'njira zatsopano za kuchita, komwe zonse ziyenera kukhala ziriri, popanda declamations pretentious ndi affectedness. Nawonso akuyenera kupanga zisudzo Kufikika, kutanthauza kuti mitengo tikiti anali otsika, ndi membala aliyense m'kalasimo ntchito akhoza nyamulani kukongola. Choncho anthu Art Theatre (Mat) analengedwa.

Mu 1901, mawu akuti "anthu" chachotsedwa dzina, chifukwa mitengo tikiti anali adzaukitsidwa, ndi Duma anakana ndalama polojekiti, ndi chisamaliro zinthu izo ankaganiza nzika olemera. Director ndipo bwana anakhala VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, ndi KS Stanislavsky ophatikizana udindo wotsogolera ndi udindo wa woyang'anira wamkulu. The gululo ophunzira alemba ntchito amene ankaphunzira kuchita zinthu Nemirovich-Danchenko, ndi zisudzo si akatswiri amene anachita chuma cha Stanislavsky.

Kupanga woyambirira wa zisudzo anali tsoka la Tolstoy a "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich" chotsimikizira kuti phenomenally bwino, ndipo sanachedwe mu chikondi ndi omvera. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1898 zinachitika pa "mbalameyi" kuyamba AP Chekhov, ankachitika chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa lodziwika bwino. Izi Teatrika pang'ono anali atsopano, choyambirira, molimba mtima ndi yowala. Mpaka 1905, a repertoire m'gulu masewero a olemba amene anali a m'nthawi ya zisudzo yekha: AK Tolstoy, AP Chekhov, AM Kuwawa H. Ibsen, ndipo pambuyo pake anagwirizana ndi zisudzo zachikhalidwe. Mu 1906, pa ulendo wake woyamba wobalalitsidwawo adapitapita ku Moscow Art Theatre gululo (decoding dzina lake zapereka ife pamwamba).

The nyumba zisudzo

Chidule Mat anaonekera osati kamodzi, poyamba anali kusowa kalata "A" ndi bwalo lamasewera ankatchedwa Moscow Art Theatre. Mpaka 1902, a gululo analibe nyumba zawo, ndiponso ntchito amaonetsa mu chipinda lendi chipinda cha mipando zina 815.. Khalani likulowa, zovala, kubwereza ndi kukonza zokambirana panalibe malo Choncho panali kusintha chipinda. Ndalama kwa pomanga sanali monga Mat si zimachokera ku boma ndipo analipira lendi kwa mwini nyumba. Apo iye ali pa ndalama zimene malipiro kuchokera malonda tikiti ndi kwa ogula. Mmodzi mwa anthu amene padera mu zisudzo, anali wotchuka Morozov, amene pambuyo kwathunthu analamulira ndalama ya Moscow Art Theatre. Iye ankaganizira kwambiri za pangano la nyumba yatsopano, kukonzanso ake ndi zida. Chilimwe cha 1902, ndendende miyezi itatu pansi zisudzo unamangidwanso nyumba Lianozov kumene kampaniyo anasamukira mu chaka cha 1902. Mu nyumba yatsopano holo linapangidwa kuti 1,200 oonera, powonekera anali okonzeka ndi turntable, ndipo pansi anaika masitolo capacious kwa zokongoletsa. Nsaru zinapangidwa ndi kutsetsereka m'malo likutuluka, ndipo graced wotchuka chizindikiro cha Moscow Art Theatre - ndi mbalameyi, amene akufalikira pamwamba pa mafunde.

nyengo Soviet

Kuyambira 1906 zamasewero n'kuyamba kutsutsana nthawi chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa Stanislavsky ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko. Chifukwa, iwo anakana Co-chuma, ngakhale kusiyana sanali ogwirizana awo kulenga. Mu 1919, gululo, yemwe ankapita pa ulendo kudutsa mizinda zigawo anadulidwa ku Moscow chifukwa cha Civil nkhondo, ndipo kenako anakakamizika kupita kudziko lina, ndipo kokha mu 1921 iwo anakhoza kubwerera.

Mu 1920 zisudzo anakwezedwa udindo wa maphunziro, ndipo m'malo anaonekera Mat Mat chidule.

1922 zinali zodzaza ndi chakuti mbali ya gululo wa zisudzo, lotsogoledwa ndi K. Stanislavsky, zaka ziwiri anabwera Europe, n'kumaonera kunja, safuna kubwerera ku USSR. Mu 1923, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko anali ziŵalo gululo, monga K. S. Stanislavsky ankakhulupirira kuti zisudzo ndi ataya moyo, salinso kukulitsa, atatangwanika chuma, asokoneza chindapusa ikuluikulu kukhala kwambiri wodzidalira. zisudzo ambiri m'malo ndi atsopano ndi achinyamata, kuti anali kutsogolera kwa chitukuko ya Moscow Art Theatre.

The repertoire wa mbuto ikulu anatengedwa ndi playwrights sewerolo kwa nthawi, ngakhale zisudzo chakale inachitikanso, ndipo pa maziko a zisudzo awo anali wotsogola. The zisudzo wotchuka wa chi anali "Masiku a Turbines", "oti muli nazo zida Phunzitsani 14-69", "Wopenga Tsiku kapena Ukwati wa Figaro." Mu 1930s ndi kusiyana pakati Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko ndi KS Stanislavski analeka, ndipo mu 1934 anasiya Moscow Art Theatre Stanislavski.

Mu 1932 zisudzo linali dzina Maksima Gorkogo anapatsidwa, kuti ayenera kuti monga mu repertoire za ntchito zake.

Atamwalira VN Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Art Theatre anathamanga luso Council.

Mu zaka 1950-1960 zamasewero pa mavuto, kupanda mkulu waukulu kwachititsa chakuti otsogolera okha anali zisudzo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masewero anali ephemeral, omvera sikunali kokwanira, kutchuka anagwa, ndi udani gulu analamulira.

Mu 1970, bungwe luso anaikidwa malo wotsogolera wamkulu O. Efremov, amene adauzira moyo watsopano m'bwalo la masewera, amene ankachitika angapo zisudzo apadera a gululo kusinthidwa. Pamene zinafika kutchuka kwa Moscow Art Theatre a. Chinthu chokha chimene iye akanakhoza Musagonje - zili mu timu, kenako anatsogolera chakuti panali gululo kugawanika m'magulu 2, omwe anali repertoire yake ndi mkulu wake.

Moscow Art Theatre. AP Chekhov

Posachedwa lamamatira mu theka la gululo anali lidzasinthidwa awiri zisudzo osiyana, ndi chifukwa mu Moscow anali awiri Moscow Art Theatre. Aliyense wa iwo anali mtsogoleri yake. Kodi ndi Moscow Art Theatre dzina lake AP Chekhov? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zisudzo awiri, anapanga kuchokera kugawanika kwa. Zisudzo dzina lake AP Chekhov kutsogoleredwa ndi Oleg Efremov. Mu 2000, pambuyo pa imfa yake, iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa Oleg Tabakov, wogwira ofesi lero. Uyamiko kwa Iye, alikukonzeka ndi repertoire, ozikidwa pa ntchito chakale tsopano. Ndipo iye alikukonzeka kampaniyo. Lero, pakati pa zisudzo za zisudzo muli ngati maina wotchuka ngati K. Habensky, M. Porechenkov ndi ena ambiri. Mu 2004, dzina la zisudzo anatha kalata "A" kutanthauza "maphunziro", ndipo tsopano amatchedwa Moscow Art Theatre dzina la Chekhov. Ngakhale dzina lovomerezeka ndi sidzasinthika, ndi kusinthidwa ngati pa zithunzi za. Lomwe lero njira (lotembenuzidwa) Mat? Chimodzimodzi monga kale bwalo lamasewera anakomoka - Moscow Art maphunziro Theatre. Iwo lili Chamberlain kanjira.

zisudzo Doroninoj

ndi Moscow Art Theatre dzina la M. Gorky ndi chiyani? Izi zisudzo lachiwiri, anapanga patapita kugawanika mu 1987. Iye aposa izo Tatiana Doronin. Kodi ndi wokhazikika ndi Moscow Art Theatre dzina la M. Gorky? yankho lophweka: a Moscow Art maphunziro Theatre dzina la Maksima Gorkogo. Iwo lili Tverskoy Boulevard. Mat akuthamanga T. Doronina kutsatira miyambo yomwe yapangidwa nyengo Stanislavsky. Pa siteji ndi zidutswa chakale ndi kubwezeretsedwa kutsogolera Nemirovich-Danchenko. The chizindikiro cha Moscow Art Theatre dzina la M. Gorky ndi gull zikuuluka pamwamba pa madzi.

Sukulu situdiyo

ndi Moscow Art Theatre Kodi School-situdiyo? Izi bungwe za maphunziro apamwamba lofunyululalo muholo dzina lake AP Chekhov. Apa kukonzekera zisudzo m'tsogolo, atsogoleri, komanso alimi. Open situdiyo sukulu anali mu 1943 pa njira imene Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. miyezi 6 pambuyo pa imfa yake, sukuluyi dzina lake. Izi zisudzo koleji ndi imodzi yotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka mu dziko, pali zovuta chifukwa cha mpikisano waukulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu dipatimenti akuchita a mpikisanowo ndi anthu pafupifupi 30 pa malo. Mwa ophunzirawo wa Moscow Art Theatre School dzina la VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, ambiri zisudzo wotchuka: L. Bronevoy, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronin, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, Vladimir Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, mpira A, Mironov ndi ena.

The repertoire wa Moscow Art Theatre dzina la M. Gorky

omvetsera, kamodzi anapita Moscow Art Theatre, chifukwa ambiri a tchuthi maganizo wachangu kwambiri. Choncho, mawu a kuzizwa adalowa adiresi ya zisudzo ndi atsogoleri, zokongoletsera. Pa zisudzo ndi chidwi masewero, onse chakale komanso masiku ano, zomwe nthawi zambiri, ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi anthu. Mu repertoire a palinso zisudzo ana, sipangakhalenso anafika monga banja.

Lero, mwa chuma ndi otchuka kwambiri:

• "Blue Mbalame";
• "Chocolate NYAKHONDO";
• "Master ndi Margarita";
• "Romeo ndi Juliet";
• "Russian vaudeville";
• "Hamlet";
• "Vassa Zheleznov" ndi ena ambiri.

Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, palibe amene palibe funso, monga maguwa (lotembenuzidwa) Mat.

kampani

Pakali pano, ndi zisudzo ndi zoposa 60 zisudzo. 18 ali mutu wa "analemekeza Chithunzi cha Russia" ndi 13 - mutu wa "Mmisiri of Russia".

Natenepa lero Zikuoneka kuti ife Mat, chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti acronyms zomwe zikuwoneka ngati "Moscow Art maphunziro Theatre."