Bloch Epiphany Cathedral mu Moscow. The mafano tchalitchi

Cathedral zafala monga kachisi waukulu mumzinda. Pankhaniyi, izo kawirikawiri akhale Dipatimenti - ndi lokwezeka, limene nthawi ya utumiki amachita Bishop (wachipembedzo apamwamba, digiri lachitatu unsembe).

Mbiri ya dzina

Koma Moscow - mzinda waukulu kwambiri, ndipo, ndithudi, alibe mpingo tchalitchi. Kuti Bloch Cathedral mu Moscow, lomwe dzina chachiwiri Epiphany Cathedral mu Yelokhovo, imodzi mwa nyumba makumi awiri chipembedzo cha mtundu uwu. Malinga ndi nthano, malo a kachisi pamaso (mu XIV m'ma) anali alder nkhalango, mtsinje Olkhovets, ndi m'mudzi ankatchedwa Elohim (a mawu cognate ndi alders). Padakali m'dera anasunga izi msewu ndi Alley Alder. Malowa ali wotchuka chifukwa anabadwa kuno mu 1469 wopusa Vasiliya Blazhennogo kapena Basil wamaliseche, chithunzi kotero maganizo ndi chidwi kuti bokosi ndi thupi la oyera, anamwalira mu 1552 (angapo odziwika - August 2), yotengekatengeka Ivan Grozny ndi boyars, ndi utumiki manda muzidzipusitsa nokha Metropolitan Macarius.

mbiri olemera

Cathedral Bloch mu Moscow, m'dera Basmanny pa Spartakovskaya msewu a ku Central District, ali ndi mbiri yaulemerero. Iwo anali christened A. S. Pushkina (1799, pa tsiku la 8 la kubadwa). Kuyambira 1938, a tchalitchi anakhala tchalitchi, ndi kuchokera 1945 mpaka 1991 - mkulu wa mabishopu (tsopano, pambuyo kulanda Dipatimenti ya kholo la onse Russia mu Cathedral wa Dormition mu boma la Russia, Epiphany Cathedral ndi mpando wa Moscow Orthodox). Zinali apa mu 1943, 1945, 1971 ndi 1990 anali kumanga kumene osankhidwa Kanyaniko wa Church (mabishopu) mu mpando. Kuikidwa pa mpando mwambo chikuchitika pa mapemphero a. Hierarch atavala zovala zoyenera udindo wake. Mu 1925, Phwando la Kupereka wa mapemphero mu tchalitchi anatumikira monga mabishopu, Tikhon. Cathedral Bloch mu Moscow anatchuka chifukwa chakuti mu kanjira wakumpoto wa St. Nicholas anaikidwa pambuyo mwambo wa maliro mu May 1944, mabishopu, Sergio. kumalo ake tombstone m'manda ali chokongoletsedwa mu nsangalabwi. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa A. wotchuka V. Schusev. Alexiy II, pa PM 15, nayenso, anaikidwa mu tchalitchi - mu nyumba yopemphereramo kum'mwera kwa Annunciation mu 2008.

Favorite Cathedral Muscovites

Cathedral Bloch mu Moscow si otchuka okha, ndipo kwambiri ngati Muscovites, amangonena kuti "chachikulu cha ubwana wanga." Ichi ndi chifukwa china kuti sizinachitikepo kutsekedwa. Bede mdima zaka za chizunzo cha Mpingo anayenda pambali pake, achinyamata ambiri mu likulu la agogo awo lankhosa pano kutali, ndi kwa iwo tchalitchi anadzakhala mayi.

Tikumbukenso kuti mu zaka zonse zankhondo Bloch Epiphany Cathedral mu Moscow ili pa chitetezo 835 900 rubles, ndi kwa mphatso kwa asilikali - 535,1. Kodi iye anali kusamukira! Tikufuna kuti kupasula pofuna kuwonjezera Elohinskoy dera, kupanga nyumba osowa m'buku kapena filimu zisudzo. Koma mu nthawi ya mavuto aliwonse, ngakhale mu masiku a nkhondo kapena kusintha, musati kutseka chitseko Bloch tchalitchi mu Moscow. Epiphany kapena Phwando la Epiphany - tsiku pamene kachisi opatulidwira ku Yelokhovo. Iwo kumakumbukulidwa pa January 18 ndi phwando tchalitchi.

zimayambitsa

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa chikhalidwe kachisi - woyamba mu 1698 elohovtsy anamanga matabwa Luchenza. Petulo I (1717-1722) pa kachisi wake angakwanitse matailosi. Mu zaka 1722-1731 pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Mfumukazi Praskovi Ioannovny linamangidwa tchalitchi ulemu wa Annunciation lapansi. Ndi mfumu yaikulu kugwirizana ndi nthano zambiri, wina anena kuti iye mwini anapereka mwala yomanga kachisi. Mu zaka 1790-1792 mpingo kukuza kudzera Ufumuyo chodyera ndi timipata awiri (polemekeza St. Nicholas yopemphereramo wa Annunciation rework) ndi belu nsanja. Moscow zaka wotsatira chitukuko kwambiri, ndipo kachisi amene tsopano kufupi ndi mzindawo, amakhalanso kakang'ono za kuchuluka kwa molimba mtima.

Woyamba nthawi pomanga tchalitchi

Ndipo tsopano, mu 1837 pa malo ankaiphwasula mpingo Yelokhovskaya liyamba anamangapo ndi wamanga Evgraf Tyurin (1796-1872), latsopano lalikulu mpingo. wamanga Izi amadziwika chakuti pamodzi ndi O. I. Bove ndidatsiriza ntchito pa dziko okhala Chiwerengero Yusupov mu Angelo. Iye anakhala nawo ntchito yomanga Moscow State University pa Moss ndi University Church m'dzina la Tatiana. Komabe, ntchito yomanga chifukwa chosowa ndalama anali kwa nthawi yaitali, koma kutumikira m'makoma yosatha nthawi kupirira. Ndi 1845, iye anakwezedwa miyambo mamita ziphunzitso kiyubiki a nyumba zikuluzikulu za m'kachisi, korona domes asanu. tchalitchi inamangidwa kalembedwe classicism mochedwa ndi mkulu mu kalembedwe Ufumu. Pofuna ntchito anali koma zikadzachitika, wamalonda 2 munalidi gulu V. I. Schapov, amene anakhala nzika aulemu wa Moscow, anapereka ndalama zambiri kwambiri ndalama - gawo limodzi la mtengo okwana ntchito. Only mu 1853 mpingo opatulidwira Filaret, Metropolitan wa Moscow ndipo Kolomna.

wotsatira kubwezeretsa

Ntchito yomanga kumapitirirabe - mu 1889 m'tchalitchi ndi chapamwamba (kukongoletsa khoma ili pamwamba cornice a) zinamangidwa pa refectory lapansi. Malinga polojekiti Zykov, pa tchalitchi anali kukhala mmodzi yekha ndi gawo loyamba la belu nsanja. Pambuyo pa ntchito yomanga tchalitchi anakhala mmodzi wa nyumba yochititsa chidwi achipembedzo Moscow. Zotsatirazi kukonzanso mkati zinachitika mu 1912 - pa tchalitchi anali kachiwiri utoto. Gilded iconostasis umapulumuka lero. Pa Bolshoi Theatre anagula belu ndi m'malo iwo losweka.

dongosolo zamakono

kubwezeretsedwa kwambiri a tchalitchi inayamba mu 1969, pambuyo chisankho cha zinyama Kapchuka NS, amene anatsogolera kukonza ndi kubwezeretsa ntchito imene inatenga zaka pafupifupi 20. Chifukwa, kanali: kwathunthu m'malo tsamba golide ndi kuika mpanda mkuwa pa mpando ndi solea. Pansi zonse m'malo ndi nsangalabwi. Ndipo pansi pa guwa ndi chokhacho (mu mipingo yachikhristu - kukwezedwa kwa pansi pamaso pa iconostasis kapena nsalu yotchinga guwa) anakweza pansi. Ndasambitsa khoma zojambula, utoto, latsopano othimbirira galasi mazenera, anamanga zokambirana kubwezeretsedwa. Inu dzina izo. The Cathedral ndi wokongola ndi woyenera zikugwirizana malo kusinthidwa wa Moscow. Koma kubwezeretsa maganizo unachitikira osiyana kwambiri - kuchokera matamando wachangu kuti adziwe za "samovarschina". Bloch a Cathedral mu Moscow (chithunzi amapereka bwinobwino okongola kwambiri ndi Kugwirizana kwa malo a pakati pa kulambira likulu) ndi mapulani dziko chipilala.

Cathedral lero

Lero, ndi ku tchalitchi Protopresbyter Mateyu Stadnyuk anamangidwa mu udindo uwu mu 1978. Kugwiritsa chikondi cha atumiki ndi atsogoleri a chipembedzowo, iye zonse ku ulemerero wa tchalitchi sanali kusanduka pa utumiki, anthu ambiri anasonkhana kwa aliyense alendo ankafuna kukaona likulu la Cathedral Bloch mu Moscow, umene zithunzi kuti akhale otchuka mu dziko la chikristu. Izi makamaka lodziwika bwino akulemekezedwa chizindikiro cha Kazan Mayi wa Mulungu.

Ndi tchalitchi tiakachisi ndi zotsalira ndi fano mozizwitsa St. Nicholas. Mukhoza kugwadira akhala ndi chi Mnzake wa Sergiya Radonezhskogo - Alexis, Metropolitan wa Moscow, amene anali mmodzi wa akuthandizeni D. Don. "Akuwonongeka" - akulemekezedwa chifanizo cha Amayi a Mulungu - mukusungira mpanda wa tchalitchi Elokhovskiy. angatchedwe analemba zina koma Theotokos mafano "Moyo wopatsa Spring", umene anapempha thandizo mu nkhani ya ndalama. No Muscovite, amene sakudziwa kumene kachisi wotchuka uyu, kapena sindingathe kuzitcha adiresi wake. Cathedral Bloch mu Moscow lili Spartakovskaya msewu, pa nambala 15. Osati kutali ndi Moscow okwerera sitima siteshoni Baumanovskaya.