Ndi mtolankhani komanso wolemba Tom Vulf: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi chidwi mfundo

Anthu, kutali mabuku pano, funso angakhalepo: Tom Woolf ndi ndani?. Koma owerenga patsogolo zakhala bwino kwa prose wa experimenter ndi utolankhani, chifukwa mabuku ake chidwi ndi mabuku si zopeka. Pamene wina ali yense sakugawana njira ya wolemba?

Banja ndi Childhood

Tom Vulf anabadwa pa March 2, 1931 ku Richmond, Virginia. Bambo wa wolemba m'tsogolo katswiri mu munda wa ulimi. Iye anatsogolera kafukufuku, kulemba nkhani za sayansi ndi otchuka mu magazini. mayi anga udokotala. Atabadwa mwana wake, iye kumanzere sukulu.

ubwana Tom anali lililonse ndithu kwa United States: kusukulu, yogwira masewera. Ndikapanda kuwerenga mnyamata kuposa anzake. Imene ana wotsimikiza za ntchito - Anafuna kukhala wolemba yekha. Kale mu zaka 9 amapanga ulendo woyamba kulemba nkhani yonena za Napoleon. Ndiye analenga buku mafanizo zawo za moyo wa Mozart. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa Episcopal School. St. Christopher anakhala mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya kumaloko. Ngakhale zaka zake zoyambirira anayamba kusewera mpira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, munthu amakula ndi theka-League.

mapangidwe

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Tom Wolfe amapita ku Washington ndi University Lee mu Lexington. Pophunzira ake ntchito Shenandoah kope la magaziniyi. Titamaliza yunivesite, Wolfe akuphunzira pa University Yale, komwe adalandira digiri ku "Studies American". Nkhani zolemba pamaphunziro ake - "The Anthu Communist mwa olemba American mu 1927 zaka 42." Zinali ndithu polemical ndi woopsa. Ndipo anasonyeza bwanji Wolfe okonzekera ntchito journalistic. Pambuyo kuteteza zinandipangitsa bwana angapo kupitiriza ntchito maphunziro, koma anakumbukira maloto ake. maphunziro ake anali mmodzi yekha zambiri lamulo sitepe pa njira kumaloku. Iye nthawizonse ndinkafuna kukhala mtolankhani nakhala iwo.

Njira yoyamba ya utolankhani

Nkhani yake yoyamba ya utolankhani akatswiri Tom Wolfe imachita zaka wophunzira. Mu 1956, anayamba kugwira ntchito ku nyuzipepala ya Republican. Atamaliza maphunziro avomera kupereka ku nyuzipepala boma la Massachusetts - Springfield Union, komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pake, iye ankatchedwa mu "Washington Post." Ndiyeno anapanga woyamba bwino kwambiri. Mu ichi pepala, analemba 315 zipangizo, amene amanoledwa anapanga wake wotchuka kenako "Baroque" kalembedwe kulemba.

Zinali ndiye kuti anayamba kuyetsa chinenero ndi chakudya zipangizo. kalembedwe Wake watsopano inamangidwa pa zipolowe za zotsutsana. Pakuti mwachidule za zochitika kunachitika mu Cuba Wolfe anali kupereka kwa munalidi gulu la Press Ofalitsa. Anzawo taonera kwa lingaliro lake la nthabwala mu kulemba zinthu, komanso kuyesera bwino ndi kulolerana njira zopeka mu malemba journalistic. Wolfe ndi wolemba mbiri, Dzheyms Rouzen, anafotokoza kalembedwe wake - "tsiku lomalizira utolankhani", wodzala ndi mawu komanso ndemanga kuluma chikhalidwe. Zizindikiro izi akhala chizindikiro cha mtolankhani wa.

Moyo ku New York

Mu 1962, Tom Vulf anasamukira ku New York pa kuyitana kwa nyuzipepala New York Herald Tribune. Apa iye tikunena mumaganiza zikuluzikulu za anthu a. Man nsangala Kufufuza "m'moyo" wa American anthu, poganiza kuti limeneli ndilo kudzera awo kumvetsa ndi amatha kulowa mu mbiri ndi zonse zimene zimayambitsa lero zochitika. Mofulumira ikusintha ntchito akuyamba mtolankhani anali pafupifupi linasokonekera ndi kunyanyala yaitali ogwira ntchito nyuzipepala. Koma mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini Esquire - Byron Doubell - anapeza njira imeneyi. Iye anatumiza Tom kuchita nkhani za chikhalidwe cha magalimoto yokakamiza ku California. Choncho, mwadzidzidzi bestseller Wolf kuti anamuika wotchuka.

"Utolankhani Chatsopano"

M'nkhaniyi, ife kuyesetsa kumvetsa zimene Tom Vulf. Wambiri, mabuku, ndemanga, zolembera malemba kuthandiza anthu kupeza munthu uyu chidwi. Mawu ake ali woona krydatymi mawu. Iwo kudutsa mu mawu a ku America wamng'ono monga mawu malonda. Wolfe yekha pamene akuchita ntchito yaikulu ya Esquire magazini mkonzi, anali chidwi kuti analemba mndandanda wa malipoti m'malo analamula bukhu. Posadziwa kuchita zimenezi, lemba voluminous, izo basi anamutumiza Byron Doubellu. Aliyense kuwerengera, ndinazindikira kuti adzakhala kulemekeza zinthu zopatulika kutembenukira kukhala kuligwiritsa journalistic. Ndipo izo zimapangitsa iye mndandanda wa nkhani kukopera kuti anayikidwa mu zipinda angapo a magazini wake. Mfundo zina linasindikizidwa mu "New York megazine" ndi magazini ena.

Kenako, malemba amenewa zonse mu mawonekedwe a bukhu ndi mutu mpweya: ". The Kandy-Kolored gelegedeya-flake Streamline Baby" Buku anali kholo la mtundu watsopano wa mabuku amene ofufuza za timawutcha "latsopano utolankhani". Iwo anali anasonkhana waona komanso zokhudza makhalidwe a moyo wamakono American. ngwazi ake ndi nyenyezi zikusonyeza ntchito, masewera, makampani mafashoni, komanso Anthu, okanidwa, hippies ndi punks. kagawo Izi chikhalidwe kulola atolankhani kuona moyo wa dziko yosiyanasiyana zake zonse ndi zotsutsana. Kwa mwezi buku adathamanga 4 kope overprint - kupambana kwake anali kuimbidwa. Zinali chiongoko chenicheni kwa America ano. Tom Vulf adapeza njira ndi kalembedwe wake wa utolankhani. Ndiyeno kale umenewu. Mu 1973, Wolfe ndi anzake limafalitsa ndi Ndondomeko za "utolankhani watsopano" womwe mankhwala mfundo yaikulu ya TV makono.

zolembalemba cholowa

Tom Wolfe, kanthawi yonena zomwe tinganene mu mawu awiri - "wolemba ndi mtolankhani" nthawi zonse anafunafuna kulenga osati zakuthupi journalistic, ndicho luso zopelekedwa ntchito. The anapeza kagawo kakang'ono mu njira wake wapadera, iye analemba buku lotchuka kwambiri za nyengo panopa: ". The Zamagetsi Kool-Lothandiza Acid Kuyesedwa" cholinga chake chinali kuphunzira ndi malongosoledwe a chodabwitsa wolemba mpatuko Ken Kesey. Koma pamapeto, unali Khadili zachilendo chikhalidwe ndi chi anthu a ku America. Kuti wolandira zofunika zakuthupi, mtolankhani anakhala lonse mwezi wa kulankhula za "panyengo Pranksters" amene "Chiwerengero cha chikumbu" ndi psychotropic mankhwala. Anasonkhanitsanso zambiri zina nkhani za mtundu wa zithunzi, zokambirana, wailesi ndi vidiyo nyimbo. Mu 1968, bukhu linasindikizidwa. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba mndandanda bwino-wogulitsa. Kenako, Institute of utolankhani ku New York University, anayambitsa bukhu mndandanda wa "zana la bwino ntchito za US utolankhani kwa 20 m'zaka".

zaka zonse makalata ake, munthu nthawi zonse mwachinsinsi akulakalaka akulemba buku. Ndipo mu 1987, dziko anaphunzira za latsopano Tom Wolfe - wolemba. Iye anatulutsa buku "The Bonfire wa zachabechabe" imene akuuza moyo weniweni wa New York. Buku limatchedwa ntchito yabwino ya mtolankhani ndi wolemba dzina lake Tom Vulf. Mlembi wa bukuli, olembedwa kenako, mobwerezabwereza bwino buku lake loyamba, ndipo ngakhale kuposa izo, koma amenewa salinso umatulutsa. Pa moyo wake m'malo yaitali, Tom Vulf analemba mabuku anayi, mabuku asanu nonfiction ndi zigawo zisanu za essays. Ndipo lero, ngakhale wake ukalamba, wolemba akupitiriza ntchito pa chachinayi zojambulajambula. Ndipo, mwinamwake, posachedwapa kukuza zolemba zake.

maulemu

Kwa zaka zambiri ntchito Woolf mobwerezabwereza analandira mphoto zosiyanasiyana. Mu chikwama chake - Zikho ya National Book Foundation, nawo yapamwamba Jefferson nkhani ndi zambiri mphatso. Kuphatikizapo mphoto ya munalidi gulu la Ofalitsa Mphoto ya Institute National wa Tirhana na Culture, Don Passos Prize ndi "kazembe".

Tom Vulf ndi mafilimu a kanema

Buku wolemba wotchuka kuti Hollywood sanathe kunyalanyaza kwa tcheru chanu. Zonse zitatu anayikidwa pa zenera: ndi nkhani "The Last American Hero" (1973) kope la "Kulondola Zinthu" (1983). Buku "The Bonfire wa zachabechabe" ndipo anadikira umunthu wake pa TV - kwa chilengedwe cha filimu anatenga wotsogolera filimu yotchuka Brian De Palma. Mulinso mu filimu ankaimba ndi nyenyezi monga Tom Hanks, Melanie Griffith ndi Bryus Uillis. Zolembedwa matepi onse olembedwa ndi Wolfe. Tsopano zojambula awiri zambiri zochokera ntchito za Tom kuika mu ulimi.

moyo

Mtolankhani amene zochitika zonse pamaso, kuyesera kukabisala tsatanetsatane wa lake lenileni moyo. Komabe, amadziwika kuti mu 1978 anakwatira wotsogolera luso la magazini wotchuka Harper a Magazine Sheila Berger. Banjalo ana awiri. Masiku ano, Wolfe angapo akupitiriza mumakhala mu New York. Mkazi ndinkadziwa kuti mwamuna wake anali akufunika chisamaliro komanso chithandizo. Zakhala kumbuyo ake odalirika.

Chidwi zokhudza mbiri

Wolemba Tom Wolfe kuyambira pa unyamata wake chidwi zochita angapo eccentric. Choncho, pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake journalistic, iye nthaŵi zonse anawonekera pagulu mu suti yoyera. Pa nthawi, zinadziwika chizindikiro wake weniweni. Sikukoma mtima kokha amawanena kuti chakuti iye "anaba" phwando pa Marko awiri, koma iye basi Akuseka iye. Mwa njira, Tom Wolfe wotchedwa wolemba wotchuka US. Komanso, ndi pakati pa khumi olemba bwino-analipira la America.