Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva: yonena ndi chithunzi

Zinaida Ermoleva anali nthumwi zapadera za mankhwala Soviet. Izo anayambitsa ambiri kudula-m'mphepete kafukufuku amene wapereka tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso ano zoweta.

zaka zoyambirira

Anabadwa Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva mu chaka cha 1898 Frolovo - mmodzi wa m'midzi ing'onoing'ono ambiri a m'dera la Don Cossacks. Nditamaliza sukulu mu Novocherkassk. Pamene nthawi kusankha ntchito inayake, anaganiza kuti ntchito yake - mankhwala. Ermoleva analowa University of Don ku Rostov pa-Don. Kale unyamata wake wophunzira anasonyeza mbali chabwino cha khalidwe lake. M'zaka kudzipereka, khama, ludzu nzeru ndi chifuniro amphamvu. Patapita nthawi yaitali, pambuyo pa kukhala wasayansi wotchuka, Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva mmene iye anakonda yunivesite mobisa zimalowa labu pamaso anatsegula pa ora owonjezera kapena awiri tinker ndi flasks.

Chilakolako chachikulu cha ophunzira yomweyo anakhala tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Anali Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva ali pamoyo wake wonse wamkulu. Titamaliza yunivesite, iye anakhalabe pa yunivesite ngati wothandizira wa Dipatimenti ya Microbiology. Makamaka zambiri akatswiri kulabadira kuphunzira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Basi ndiye, mu 20 ntchentche wa XX atumwi, panali latsopano kwambiri chilango wodzipereka kwa zilombo izi. Popeza Soviet Union Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna anatenga kagawo kakang'ono akatswiri oyamba, dzina lake wakhala kugwirizana ndi zinthu zatsopano ndipo nthawi zina chosintha.

kafukufuku kolera

Mu 1922 Rostov pa-Don panali mliri wa kolera. Chifukwa chosowa ankakonzekera wa akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu posachedwapa inasanduka mliri. Pakuti Ermoleva ndi nthawi yophunzira matenda si machubu mayeso ndi m'misewu ya mzinda wawo. Science ndiye ankadziwa zokhudza kolera si kwambiri. Iye ankadziwika tizilomboto - Vibrio kolera. Komabe, pali mabakiteriya ena, monga iye, koma osati ankafufuza asayansi mpaka kumapeto.

Ndi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono awa akhala ntchito Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Kuyesetsa kumvetsa mmene prototypes pa thupi la munthu, iye anapita chiopsezo chachikulu. Ermoleva iye yekha kachilombo yocheza lofunika zinachitikira sayansi. Kuyesa anali opambana. Izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti mabakiteriya zokhudzana vibrio anthu, mutate ndi kukhala moyo pachiswe.

Kusamukira ku Moscow

Cholinga cha zatsopano Ermoleva ndi anzake ogwira anali katemera amene amateteza anthu ku mliri wakupha. mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa kolera, amayesedwa kuti kukana kuti zinthu zambiri. Pambuyo mayesero nthawi yaitali ndi nthawi yambiri Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna anatsimikizira kuti chifukwa tikukonza njira ya anthu ndi chokwanila chlorinate madzi. Zotsatira za ntchito yake kafukufuku anapanga maziko a malamulo atsopano a ukhondo kuti Posachedwapa kuvomerezedwa m'dziko lonselo.

Cha m'ma 20s, pamene anali kudziwika, wasayansi anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene anali kupita mmodzi wa m'madipatimenti mu Institute of Commissariat of Health wa RSFSR amuzolengedwa. Ermoleva ndi gulu lake akugwira ntchito pa phunziro tizilombo, kuphatikizapo anthu ambiri V. cholerae. Katswiri wina anapeza munthu subspecies latsopano la chamoyo ichi. Tizilomboto siyanitsa congeners kuti akhoza kuwala mu phula mdima. Pamene anthu padziko lonse sayansi bwino zotsatira za Ermoleva, anaganiza dzina mitundu dzina lake.

kuzindikira lonse

Mu 1925 apo koyamba profiled Soviet zasayansi phunziro la sayansi tating'onoting'ono. Woyambitsa ndi kudzoza kwa bungwe wapadera anakhala Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Photo kafukufuku nthawi zonse poyera kuti magazini yachilendo sayansi. M'mayiko ena, lofalitsidwa M'nkhani (mu tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Ndiye Ermoleva kuyamba kwambiri kuthana ndi poizoni. Mu Soviet Union, zodabwitsazi anali kuphunzira osakwatira. Pakuti nzeru zinachitikira kwambiri anayamba kupita ku mishoni kunja, kuphatikizapo France ndi Germany. Pa nkhani imeneyi, nthawi zonse anga yopuma (imene inalipo ochepa) analipira zilankhulo zakunja zachilendo. Mu 1928 Ermoleva anapita microbiological Institute dzina la Lui Pastera ku Paris. Anatsimikizira makamaka zopindulitsa mogwirizana Zinaida Vissarionovna ndi Akhristu ake German.

Ku Central Asia

Pakutha 30s pakhala angapo Soviet akatswiri yaikulu polimbana ndi kolera. The protagonist wa gulu limeneli anali Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Wambiri mkazi chifukwa cha anadzazidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana utumwi oopsa.

Mu 1939, kolera miliri Afghanistan. boma la Soviet anayamba kukonza njira zodzitetezera ku matenda sanali m'gulu ku Central Asia Socialist mayiko. Mu Tashkent gulu ntchito anatumizidwa, lotsogoledwa ndi Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Ana ndi akulu, anthu a m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi m'midzi yakutali - onse anali pansi pa kuwopsyeza kwa matenda. Anathandiza mankhwala anayamba Ermoleva. Komanso Uzbekistan, dongosolo latsopano la kuyezetsa pamaso pa HIV m'thupi wayesedwa.

Ndikugwira ntchito ku Institute of Tashkent, Zinaida Vissarionovna, mwa zina, analandira mankhwala atsopano, lomwe linali katemera mitundu yambiri ya matenda. mankhwalawo anali atayambana ndi kolera, diphtheria ndi typhoid.

lysozyme

Mu 30s mu Soviet Union ikuchitika kuphunzira lysozyme, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Zopereka ku tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso a mkazi wodzilemekeza kupeza mankhwala ina yofunika. Icho chinali enzyme lysozyme, zomwe zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani chakudya usawonongeke ndi mankhwala monga antiseptic.

Mu njira iyi Ermoleva sayansi ndidatsiriza ntchito anzake amene analipo m'mbuyomo. Back mu 1909, Paulo anayamba Laşcencov mankhwala lysozyme. Wasayansi anamupeza nkhuku dzira, napeza kuti suspend kufala kwa majeremusi. Kenako, lysozyme opezeka zimakhala anthu ndi zopangitsa. Komabe, anapezazo izi sindinapeza ntchito yeniyeni.

kutulukira zinthu zatsopano

Kwa zaka zambiri, akatswiri ndayesera kuti anthu amvetse chikhalidwe cha kuteteza thupi ku tizilombo. Kuphunzira lysozyme akhoza kuchotsa chophimba mwachinsinsi pa chinsinsi ichi kwachilengedwenso. Mabuku pamodzi ndi Zipatalazo awo anachita Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Mtengo wasayansi anali ochuluka, koma kupumula n'kukhutira ake, koma anapitiriza kwambiri ndi ntchito mwaphindu kuti athandize onse a sayansi.

Ermoleva olemba uli kuunikila luso lysozyme. Komanso anali woyamba akhoza kuganizira kuti ntchito bwinobwino kuchita mankhwala. Kudziwa mankhwala chikhalidwe cha thunthu, wofufuza anali wokhoza kuti azindikire lysozyme mu mbewu zosiyanasiyana - horseradish, radish, etc. anapeza Izi kufotokoza mphamvu ya mankhwala a anthu matenda ndi matenda ...

Professor ndi Ph.D.

Lysozyme anali phunziro Ermoleva kafukufuku pa moyo wake, kuyambira 30 ntchentche. Mu 1970, labu iye anali wokhoza kuti lithe mankhwala mu mawonekedwe crystalline. Pambuyo pake, lysozyme anali woyamba ntchito pochiza matenda a maso opaleshoni, Pediatrics ndi zina.

ntchito ina lysozyme zopezeka mu chakudya ndi mafakitale ulimi. Ndi ntchito ngati usawonongeke kuti zakudya zina kuwonongeka, monga mazira. boma ali pafupifupi ntchito imeneyi katswiri kuberekana monga Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Mphotho analandira wasayansi (Stalin Prize, dongosolo la Lenin ndi Order ya Red mbendera ya Labor) anali kusonyeza kufunika kwa ntchito yake. Komanso, wofufuza 1935 anakhala katswiri wa sayansi, ndipo mu 1939 pulofesa.

Thandizeni Stalingrad

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse dziko anali akatswiri makamaka zofunika monga Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. "Makolo" Soviet tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso ndi EPIDEMIOLOGY anatumizidwa ku Stalingrad kugonjetsa mu mzinda anazinga akuyamba ndi funde la kolera. ntchito zosavuta kulanda asayansi pa mizere kutsogolo zinachitikadi chifukwa chakuti njira yozungulira kunali kosatheka kupereka zofunika zopewera chida kuti m'deralo. Chiyembekezo cha Stalingrad chinali kukhazikitsa kupanga medicament mu mzinda.

Ngakhale mavuto onse obwera ndi ndewu, mabomba ndi zoopsa zina za nkhondo, Zinaida Ermoleva ndi gulu lake anakonza katemera Unyinji wa anthu. Pamene kupanga wakhazikitsidwa, chida wapatali anayamba kutenga anthu zikwi 50 patsiku. Chifukwa ntchito ntchito ya microbiologists ndi madokotala anatha kupewa mliri misa ndi ozunzidwa ndi mzinda Wehrmacht.

Search maantibayotiki

Ali Stalingrad ndi kuonera asilikali ovulala wa Red Army, Zinaida Ermoleva anafotokoza chakuti ambiri a womwalirayo sanafe chifukwa cha mabala okha, koma chifukwa cha matenda magazi ndi matenda ena obwera. Ndiye iwo anayamba kufufuza zasayansi wodzipereka kwa pothetsa vuto limeneli.

Ermoleva kafukufuku wake amaipidwa ndi anapeza Aleksandra Fleminga. Mu 1929, iye anapatsidwa mankhwala atsopano kwathunthu kwa thunthu - Penicillin. mankhwala, ndi chikhalidwe chawo zokhudzana amatha kuumba, anakhala kusintha woona mu mankhwala. Fleming sanathe kuti anapeza wake massively zilipo, kuyambira mavuto anakhumudwa kwambiri osakhazikika. Tsopano ntchito wakhazikitsa Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Penicillin akhoza kukhala maziko a mankhwala chilengedwe cha matenda oyamba ndi streptococci ndi staphylococci.

Zikamera wa penicillin Soviet

Zitsanzo woyamba wa penicillin zoweta anaonekera mu 1942. chinthu chofunika chinali chakuti yekha zipangizo Soviet yaiwisi ntchito lithe izo. Patapita miyezi ingapo mu Soviet Union anabwera Govard Flori. wasayansi ameneyu anali pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Oxford, amene anatha kukwaniritsa ziyenda mu US.

The Briton anabweretsa Moscow zitsanzo zake kuyerekezera mankhwala. kusanthula anasonyeza kuti Penicillin Ermoleva opareshoni kwambiri efficiently. Ngakhale mu 1945, Komiti Nobel kupereka Mphoto mu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kapena Medicine anali Howard chlorine.

kutsogolo,

Ngakhale Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kale mu chomaliza, zikwi asilikali Soviet adakali anafunika thandizo mwadzidzidzi. Chakumapeto kwa 1944, pamodzi ndi akuru Ermoleva dokotala Nikolai Burdenko anapita patsogolo kugwira mayeso mankhwala zinthu nkhondo. Soviet Penicillin anapulumuka mayeso kwambiri - mankhwala inandithandiza ovulala Red Army. Pambuyo kuti mafakitale mankhwala.

Onse miyezi isanu patsogolo pa pulofesa wa Ermoleva anali kugwira ntchito kwambiri zinthu. labu ake anali chapansi, ndi zipangizo zonse anali atasonkhana mopupuluma. Ngakhale pamalo a lachilendo, wasayansi wotchuka athane ndi ntchito yake.

nkhondo itatha,

Mu zaka lonse itatha Zinaida Ermoleva anayamba akuimira Soviet Union mu World Health Organization. Chisankho anagwa pa Sichangozi. Iye ankadziwa zilankhulo zonse, ndipo chiwerengero cha ntchito zake mankhwala zoweta anali katswiri. Mu 1956, WHO matenda anatsogolera Committee pa mankhwala. Mmalo awa, Zinaida Ermoleva mpaka imfa yake.

Mu zaka 50-60, iwo anapitiriza ntchito yake journalistic, mawu nkhondo. Monga ntchito yaitali Ermoleva ali Mlembi zoposa 500 zokhudza sayansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo zinadziwika mu zikomo dziko kuti Veniamin Kaverin. Soviet wolemba ntchito yonena Zinaida Vissarionovna monga zinachitika wa mbiri moyo wa protagonist a buku lake "lotseguka buku." Inasindikizidwa mu gawo m'magazini mabuku 1948-1956 gg.

Kaverin Ermoleva anadziwa payekha kuyambira 1928. Iwo anabweretsa m'bale wolembayo - Leon Zilber, amene ankafufuza m'munda wa virology ndi Oncology. Scientist kwa nthawi yaitali anali mnzake Ermoleva. Pa repressions Stalin Zilber linali mu msasa. Pa umodzi wa misonkhano ndi Zinaida Vissarionovna iye anamupatsa pamanja chinsinsi cha ntchito ya sayansi, akatswiri anapita molunjika ku Gulag wa. nkhani imeneyi, monga ena ambiri, zinasonyeza mtima wautali kwambiri ndi kudzipereka kwa ntchito Ermoleva. Zinaida Vissarionovna anapitiliza kugwira ntchito ndi kuphunzira mpaka kutha. Anamwalira pa December 2, 1974, kusiya ana chachikulu cholowa sayansi.