Ng'ombe Kudyetsa: zakudya ndi mchikhalidwe

Pakuti kulima apamwamba alimi ziweto wathanzi ayenera kutsatira mfundo ambiri amavomereza kulima ndi. Ng'ombe pobadwa ali ofooka, choncho akufunika zigawo zonse zofunikira kuti likhale lolimba. Zofunika kwa zakudya, amene ali zakudya chabwino, ndi mavitamini. Yoyenera kudyetsa ng'ombe kumabweretsa kukula kwambiri ndi chitukuko ogwirizana. Ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe bwino kukonza zakudya.

Chifukwa cha chakudya

Kumbukirani, chifukwa chakudya chamagulu ng'ombe pamene deadwood pamaso calving amabadwa ng'ombe athanzi ndi amphamvu. N'kofunika kwambiri pamwezi kudya ng'ombe. Popeza Kubwera kwa nyama ndi wosabala ndi atengeke mavairasi zosiyanasiyana, mabakiteriya, muyenera bwino kuwasamalira. Popeza kubadwa kwa thupi monga chitetezo ndi kuonekera Popanga madzi a gamma globulins.

Kudyetsa ng'ombe pobadwa chosiyana ndi ng'ombe kudyetsa. The mankhwala woyamba, umene nyama pambuyo calving akhale colostrum. Mmenemo ndi wofunika mavitamini mwanayo - A ndi D, amene zofunika kukula koyenera ndi chitukuko moyenera akhanda. Chakudya pazikhalanso zakudya kulola nyama kukula ndi kupeza mphamvu.

zokolola mkaka

Kwa masiku 3 pambuyo calving ng'ombe kudyetsa ng'ombe akhanda colostrum zimachitika nthawi 6 tsiku, ndiye muyenera kuyamwa ng'ombe kwa mayi ndi dispensaries kupereka malita 2 mkaka 3 pa tsiku, kufikira zitachitidwa zonse masiku 20. Kudyetsa ng'ombe mwezi kumafuna oyamba a mkaka skimmed, kaloti yophika ndi limafotokoza.

Pamwezi nyama kudzinenepetsa ikukhudza oyamba a zakudya forages zosiyanasiyana. Ndi kulimbitsa ya m'mimba thirakiti tsiku menyu tichipeza mkaka osati kuchokera silo lapansi. Pamene anachita miyezi 5, kutumikiridwa mu zakudya 2 kg wa chakudya kuikapo maganizo patsiku ndi miyezi 6 chepetsa mbali.

mkaka mmalo

Zofunika kwa nyama ndi mankhwala ena. mmalo zothandiza mkaka lonse. kukonzekera kwawo ntchito balere, nandolo, tirigu. dzinthu Extruded monga zambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika. Kugwiritsa WMS amathandiza kuteteza mwana ku matenda amene angathe kuchoka ng'ombe pambuyo calving.

Vitamini osakaniza kukhutitsa thupi ndi zosakaniza kofunika kuti simuli uthunthu wake mu mkaka mayi. Popeza kubadwa amapezeka kudya ng'ombe mkaka umene nyama amalandira makilogalamu 9,5 wa butterfat. Nkofunika kwa ng'ombe, amene ayenera kubereka m'tsogolo.

Pamene ng'ombe pali mavuto ndi chimbudzi, kuchotsedwa zakudya zake WMS. Koma akhala akugwira decoction la nyumba tiyi ndi shuga, decoctions zitsamba. Kuyambira mwezi akhoza bwinobwino kupereka kaloti, mbatata ndi zina zamasamba muzu.

mavitamini

Ng'ombe mankhwala zofunika, kuphatikizapo mavitamini zachilengedwe, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri makamaka nthawi yozizira ndi masika. Komanso, mavitamini ntchito. Mfundo yaikulu ndi kupanda matenda nyama carotene, kumene kumachitika pamene colostrum ndi mkaka. ₃ , Е), а также 30 г глюкозы и 0,5 г аскорбиновой кислоты. Popewa izi, m'pofunika woyamba kudya colostrum kuwonjezera 5 madontho "trivitamin" (A, D _3, E), ndi 30 ga shuga ndi 0,5 ga ascorbic asidi.

Kulimbitsa thupi zoyenera m'nyanja zikuluzikulu mafuta chiwindi, chakudya yisiti ndi maofesi ena vitamini. Kuyenera ankaona kuti kumwa mavitamini A ndiponso D ₃ 300 ndipo 50 IU pa gram kulemera nyama. Mfundo m'chilimwe kudya ng'ombe kwambiri yafupika poyerekeza ndi nyengo yozizira.

Tsopano pali zambiri zakudya zowonjezera kuti amagulitsidwa m'masitolo zapaderazi. Mwachitsanzo, "Kostova forte" uli ndi mchere koyenera ndi mavitamini. Irreplaceable zachilengedwe vitamini carotene ndi ya mnofu kaloti, omwe akutipatsa ana pansi pamwezi. Muyeneranso kukumbukira mchere fetereza, womwe wapangidwa choko ndi mchere. Kusintha kagayidwe mankhwala achinyamata zofunika "Batsitrin" ndi "grisin".

chakudya yambewu

Amadziwika kuti kudyetsa ng'ombe kudzera limafotokoza tirigu ayenera imathandizira kukula kwa chilonda. chakudya youma ndi koyenera kuti uziyenda yachibadwa pa mundawo m'mimba. Chifukwa cha lonse tirigu, chimanga, Mapila mphamvu kutafuna minofu. Choncho, mankhwala ayenera m'gulu la zakudya zonse.

Pamene ng'ombe ukatuluka mwa nyengo mkaka, wapatsidwa Mapila, chimanga, soya chakudya, linseed chakudya, chimanga zouma stillage. Zothandiza tirigu chinangwa, mchewere. Kudyetsa ng'ombe pazikhalanso dzinthu, amene amachepetsa nthawi kuthirira wamng'ono ndipo muyenera kudya limafotokoza ndi roughage. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kupewa matenda a m'mimba, thanzi.

kumwa

Nyengo ya mwezi wathunthu, pamene wamng'ono ikukula, amaona zovuta kwambiri kwa alimi. Kumwa colostrum mwanayo akhale 6 pa tsiku. N'kofunika kupewa overfeeding. Nyama pambuyo kudya mayi ayenera kudyetsedwa mkaka kuchokera nipple wapadera. kumwa izi ndi zothandiza ngati inu kusunga zofunika malamulo ukhondo.

Patapita masiku angapo, ng'ombe ayenera anazolowera kumwa kuchokera mum'tsuko. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuika chidebe amene anathira mkaka umene kuti aziviika chala anu ndi kulola mwana kunyambita izo. Ndiye pamphuno pa nyama m'pofunika kuyala ku chidebe cha. Ngati ng'ombe zakumwa mkaka mofulumira, ndiye iye ayenera kumwa ndi ena mipata.

Mkaka ndi colostrum ayenera kuperekedwa kwa nyama mu mawonekedwe a awiriawiri. Ang'onoang'ono kusiyana pakati pa milking ndi kuthirira, ang'onoang'ono tizilomboto mu mankhwala. Pambuyo kuthirira ndowa Muzitsuka, kenako scalded ndi madzi otentha ndi kuchitira ndi yankho la koloko. Pamene ng'ombe masiku 3, ola limodzi pamaso kumudyetsa kupereka ostuzhennoy madzi. Ngati pali lolingana kudyetsa ng'ombe, mlimi chidzakula amphamvu ndi athanzi wamng'ono anthu.

loonetsa

Akatswiri amalangiza wapadera ng'ombe zakudya kudya. Amakhala colostric, mkaka ndi poslemolochnogo nthawi. Colostrum ayenera kuperekedwa nyama wakhanda, monga mankhwala limayenda ndi mavitamini. Mu tsiku kwapatsidwa pa mlingo wa 1/5 ya kulemera. Ola limodzi pambuyo kudyetsa mwana kumwetsedwa madzi.

Zothandiza udzu kulowetsedwa. Patapita masiku 10, ng'ombe ndi kudyetsedwa ndi udzu, ndi 15-20-TH tsiku - anaikira ndi chakudya chokomacho. The zakudya tsiku pazikhalanso kudya choko, fupa chakudya, mchere. Mu WMS, lopatsidwa pambuyo colostrum skimmed ali nawo ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zosiyana.

Pali ziwembu wapadera kudya wamng'ono, kutenga nkhani cholinga chake. Zamgululi ayenera kuperekedwa kwa chinyama, malingana ndi msinkhu wake, ndipo pamenepo adzakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Pakuti mawerengedwe olondola a zakudya tsiku ayenera deta nkhani pa makilogalamu 100 kulemera. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti chakudya chamagulu kuti ndi koyenera kuti thanzi labwino.

chimbudzi

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka kuti m'pofunika ng'ombe, ndi Lamulo pamaziko a kuyamwa iye kuchokera kwa mayi ake. Izi kumachepetsa nkhawa pa ng'ombe ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo kuvulaza mwana. Chifukwa kumwa mankhwala a nsonga zamabele nyama umabala malovu. Ndipo kumawonjezera yopanga michere kuti ndi zofunika chimbudzi wabwino.

A akhanda ng'ombe intestine zikuphatikizapo m'madipatimenti 4, ngakhale pachiyambi ndi imodzi yokha - rennet. Phula mankhwala kupatsira kudzera chubu akamagwira kutseka esophageal chute. Reflex imafoola chifukwa kukula kwa nyama.

Kwa masabata 4 bwino chosakanikirana ndi zinthu zimene amachokera ku chakudya madzi, amaona kuti mapuloteni mkaka. Zikuphatikizapo masamba, mkaka, nyama mafuta, shuga. Kwambiri zidyeke mchere zigawo ndi mavitamini.

zoohygiene

Ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wa ng'ombe ndi kuti azolowere zosiyanasiyana zinthu zina. Pa masabata 2 akufunika thandizo atengere. Airways, dongosolo m'mimba ndi chingwe umbilical amakhudzidwa kwa nthawi pambuyo pa kubadwa. Choncho n'kofunika kuonetsetsa zoogigieny.

Chiwembu hotelo The imatengedwa oopsa kwambiri, komwe ng'ombe angaphunzitse matenda, choncho ayenera bwino sanitized. Pakuti chilimwe calving akhoza kusankha udzu ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - chipinda. M'busa kufunika kwa mwana, ndipo kwa kanthawi kenako. Musakhudze ng'ombe, ngati manja si ankachitira ndi njira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

nyama ayenera kunditumiza ku filimu woyera. Kukonzamo ku gu nsalu yoyera. Mu chingwe kanthu tizilombo, choncho woyesedwa ndi 5% ayodini. Zoohygiene kufunika ndi kudyetsa ng'ombe.

chisamaliro

Ng'ombe si ndinazolowera kusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi. Nthawi imeneyi, thermoregulation komabe ntchito ngati akufuna. Choncho, chifukwa supercooling ndi kutenthedwa yafupika kukaniza thupi. Animal kunditumiza ku dispensary ndi izo zouma mu ozizira nyale infuraredi. chipinda chino ayenera kukhala kutentha omasuka ndi chinyezi.

The dispensaries malo kumene chiopsezo malowedwe mu mapapo tizilombo ndi kochepa. Ndi kulamulira kutentha ndi chinyezi wa ng'ombe zimabwera mwamphamvu. M'pofunika kumaona pa ng'ombe ya matenda, zomwe zingathandize iwo nthawi kupeza ndi kukonza.

Nyama ndi chisamaliro zosayenera, pali matenda ambiri. Izi ingayambe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri matenda zimachitika chifukwa maganizo, malowedwe a mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. Pakuti kupewa kukakamizidwa zoohygiene. Nthawi zambiri nyama anaikidwa mu malo kukakhala, sipangakhalenso kufika okha ndi akatswiri, kutenga miyeso zofunika kuthetsa matenda.

Choncho, kulima ng'ombe amphamvu ndi vuto lalikulu la ng'ombe za mkaka. Ambiri a iwo anafa matenda kapena zinthu zosayenera kukula. Zifukwa chifukwa chimene pali matenda monga zosayenera kusunga, kudyetsa, ukhondo. Ndi kuisamalira ndi zakudya ndidzamuukitsa ng'ombe wathanzi. Mutu malamulo onse alibe ntchito mankhwala okwera mtengo.