Ngozi ndi zochitika

Ndege ngakhale amaona otetezeka mawonekedwe zoyendera, ngozi ndi ndege zotsatira kumvetsa chisoni. Pakuti zochitika amenewa amakhala ndi ambiri anafa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kuwonongedwa kwa ndege, kulira pagulu komanso atolankhani tcheru.

Gulu la ngozi mpweya

Ngozi ndiponso zochitika anawagawira pa malo angapo. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa nthaka ndi ngozi ndege. Ground ndi zochitika anthu amene anachitika isanayambe kapena itatha ndege. Ndege ndege ngozi - anthu masoka amene amagwirizana ndi ntchito ya gulu la ndege ntchito chotengera.

Komanso, amasulidwe breakage, ngozi ndi masoka. Breakage akutitsogolera kuti kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa ndege, akuvutika ndipo opulumuka ndi uko. Otchedwa chochitika ngozi, osati entailing imfa ya moyo, imene ndegeyo amalandira kuwonongeka yokulirapo kapena kuwonongedwa. Pansi ngozi tsoka zinkatanthauza, amene yodziwika ndi:

• kuwonongeka kwa ndegeyo kotero kuti kukonza ndi chuma inexpedient kapena zosatheka, chiwonongeko chotheratu cha ndegeyo;
• imfa ya okwera kapena mamembala adalira, komanso anthu mwa anthu pa bolodi, pakutha pa masiku 30 kuchokera pamene nkhaniyi.

Zimayambitsa ngozi

Chifukwa ambiri ngozi ndege ndi woyendetsa zolakwa, T. E. Chinthu anthu. Mu 42% milandu pa zifukwa zina ngozi kuchitika. Tsoka zinthu ziri motere:

• 58% ya zochitika zimene zikuchitika chifukwa imfa ya okwera chimodzi kapena zingapo kapena mamembala adalira, zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa woyendetsa.
• 22% milandu ndi chifukwa komvetsa chisoni kulephera luso.
• 12% ngozi chifukwa cha nyengo siili pa ndege.
• 9% ngozi kuchitika chifukwa cha zigawenga.
• 7% ndi zolakwa za ndege ndodo pansi.
• 1% ngozi ndege ndi chifukwa chikoka cha mtundu wina zifukwa.

Ngozi ndiponso zochitika akuwuka kwa anakhazikitsa chinthu anthu mu 29% milandu zinachitika mwangozi, chifukwa cha kusasamala, aiwale ndege, 16% amachokera zolakwika chifukwa cha nyengo siili, 5% milandu chifukwa cha ngozi amakhala kukana zida.

njira Kufufuza n'zimene mpweya

Ngozi zomvetsa chisoni nkhani ndege kuti review kuvomerezedwa ndi kusanthula. Malamulo a kufufuza ngozi ndege ndi zochitika idzagwiritsa kukhazikitsidwa mofulumira mofulumira gulu poyankha, womwenso akatswiri m'madera mwachindunji kapena ayi zokhudzana munda. M'tsogolo, nkhaniyi anatchula Commission kwa Investigation ngozi kapena ndege zinachitika mu Russia, ndi National Board Mtengatenga Safety mu United States kapena zinthu zina.

Analysis wa ngozi ndi chochitika ikukhudza zotsatirazi:

• Fufuzani mbali zinayi zikuluzikulu za ndege kudziwa ndegeyo inagwera pansi ndi kuthyola mmwamba mu mlengalenga.
• Fufuzani ndi kumvera ndege ojambula.
• Fufuzani nkhani oyendetsa ndi dispatcher lapansi.
• Analysis nyengo lipoti.
• Pezani ndi kusonkhanitsa zidutswa zonse za ndege.
• Ayesa zitsanzo zofanana zida simulators.
• Analysis wa owona lenileni la ndege ndi chizindikiritso cha zotheka mavuto amaganizo zimene zinapangitsa mfundo ya tsokali.
• Afufuze Apaulendo ndi katundu zolembedwa kuti kukusalani kapena atsimikizire buku la nkhondo.
• opulumuka kafukufuku ndipo pakuona tsokalo, zikuoneka kuonera mavidiyo.
• Dokotala wodziwa za vutoli mitembo.

Ziwerengero za n'zimene ndi dziko

Ziwerengero za ngozi ndege yapachiweniweni ndi malire yaikulu US wotsogozedwa. Choncho kuyambira 1945 mpaka 2013 mu United States chinachitika ngozi oposa mazana asanu ndi kuphetsa. Ngozi ziwerengero kwa nthawi yomweyo zikusonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha imfa mu n'zimene m'basimo ndi mamembala adalira anali khumi ndi zikwi theka.

Russia mu ziwerengero chisoni ili pa mzere wachiwiri. Pamwamba m'mayiko khumi malinga ndi chiwerengero cha ngozi ndi masoka m'gulu Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, France, India, Indonesia ndi Mexico. US chachikulu patsogolo pa mayiko ena kusanja chifukwa chakuti cholowa cha US nkhani 28% za maulendo a ndege yapachiweniweni ku dziko.

Lalikulu ngozi mu Russia

Pakhala ngozi yaikulu m'dera la Russia. Choopsa chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi tsokalo anali zipolowe za Lachiwiri 154, akuchita ndege njira Krasnodar-Novosibirsk kudzera Omsk, ku ndege ndi magalimoto atatu boma msewu wonyamukira ndege mu 1984. The ndege ngozi anawonongedwa, mwa anthu 179 amene anali pa ndege, asanu okha anapulumuka.

Ena magwero kuyitana waukulu mu Russia ngoziyo malire zinachitika pa chilumba cha Sakhalin mu 1983. Pambuyo kuyan'anila awiri kwa malire Soviet anawomberedwa pansi South Korea Boeing 747. The afa anali anthu 269.

Tsoka lalikulu mu USSR

Ngozi USSR ndi zana kapena kupitirirapo amene anafa milandu itatu yokha mbiri ya ndege Soviet. Chochitika chachikulu kwambiri ndi kugwa kwa Lachiwiri 154 pafupi Uchkuduk, pa dera la Uzbekistan. Iye anatumikira m'ngalawa ndege zonyamula anthu kuchokera Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, koma pambuyo maminiti forte- asanu pambuyo zofunika chombo kuugwira nalowa tailspin a. Chifukwa cha chochitika zomvetsa chisoni anatumikira monga zolakwa kulamulira. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina la nthawi woyendetsa zina waswedwa. Anapha anthu mazana awiri pa bolodi.

September 11, 2001 uchigawenga mu US

The awiri yaikulu chiwerengero cha ngozi mu dziko akuvutika ndi zochitika Flight 11 Boston - Los Angeles ndi 175 Logan - Los Angeles, amene lalandidwa zigawenga ndipo anatumizidwa ku World Trade Center nsanja ndi kusiyana kwa mphindi 17. Mu ndege yoyamba (Boeing 767-223ER) anali 92 okwera, ndege ndi ndege anyamata, kuphatikizapo akuba 5, lachiwiri - anthu 65, kuphatikizapo sapeza 5 akuba. Chifukwa cha kukumana koyamba mu okwana anaphedwa za 1692 anthu (Apaulendo ndi oyendetsa ndege, zigawenga, anthu amene anali mu World Trade Center ndi opulumutsa), pambuyo akuvutika wachiwiri munali mutatsala 965 anthu.

ndege Tenerife tsoka

ngozi lina lalikulu chinachitika kumapeto kwa March 1977, ku zilumba za Canary. Pa msewu wonyamukira ndege ya anakumana awiri "Boeing", zouluka ku Amsterdam - Las Palmas ndi Los Angeles - Las Palmas kudzera New York. Chifukwa cha boma cha ngozi kufufuza anazindikira molakwa malamulo Manager ndi oyendetsa zolakwa. ngozi anapha anthu 583.

Tsoka Boeing 747 pa Tokyo

Mu 1985, ngozi, wodzilemekeza ndi chochitika choopsa chimene chinachitika ku Tokyo. The ndege onyamula mkati Osaka Tokyo-ndege, mchira stabilizer anataya mphindi khumi pambuyo kudzachitika wolemera, umene ulamuliro otaika magalimoto m'phiri ku Japan, makilomita 112 kuchokera likulu.

A anthu 524 amene anali pa bolodi, anayi okha anapulumuka. Apaulendo ambiri sanafe nthawi mmene, ndi pansi - kuchokera hypothermia ndi kuvulala. Mwina ngati thandizo anafika kale (opulumuka anayi aja pambuyo maola khumi ndi zinayi pambuyo Ronaldo), ena mwa iwo akanatha opulumutsidwa.

Charkhi Dadri m'ma mpweya kugunda

Woyamba chiwerengero cha anthu amene mu kugunda kwa ndege mu tsoka mpweya - kugwa kwa ndege Airlines Boeing 747-168B Saudi Arabia Airlines ndi Air Kazakhstan chotengera. Motero zinachitika mu mlengalenga pa mzinda Indian Charkhi Dadra. Itawonongedwa anapha anthu 349 m'ngalawa ndege onse. Pakati pa anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi kuphatikizapo nzika za India, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, USA, Pakistan, Bangladesh ndi UK (by kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu amene amafa).

Zimayambitsa ngozi kutuma nduna anazindikira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• chidziwitso osauka a English atumiki ndege ndi oyendetsa ndege;
• kusowa kwa luso la ndege ndi gulu la ntchito osagwira wa ntchito;
• kusowa kwa akatswiri muyezo phraseology kwa oyendetsa;
• pamaso pa okha kulowera asanakwatire takeoffs ndi landings;
• Palibe makina ounikira pabwalo la ndege ku Delhi India.

Kuwonongeka Turkey Airlines pafupi Paris

ngoziyo chinachitika pa Paris pa chiyambi cha March 1973. Yonyamula Turkey ndege zimauluka ku Istanbul ku London kudzera Paris, pamene mphindi zisanu pambuyo zofunika katunduyo chipinda khomo. The ndege kuugwira ndi kugwa inasokoneza mu zidutswa ang'onoang'ono. Kupha onse m'ngalawa, mwachitsanzo okwera 334 ndi mamembala khumi adalira.

The Zigawenga pa Atlantic Ocean

Zigawenga kuchita zimene zinachitika mu 1985 pa Atlantic Ocean, ankati miyoyo ya anthu 329. ngozi ndege zinachitika mu madzi lonse, ndege anathyola powomba chifukwa cha kuphulika mu katundu kugwira. Udindo ngozi amaganiza magulu monyanyira atatu basi mu United States ndi Canada.

Ngoziyo Saudi Arabia Airlines mu Riyadh

Mu 1980, Saudi Arabia Airlines ndege kuulukira njira Karachi - Riyadh - Jeddah. Patangopita mphindi zochepa kulitenga pa bolodi moto chinachitika. Oyendetsa ndege anali wokhoza kuti ndegeyo pangozi, koma ntchito yopulumutsa anayamba makumi awiri ndi zitatu zokha Mphindi pambuyo ankafika. Flight atumiki sanathe kutsegula zitseko ndi kuyamba kuthawa, ndipo ntchito ndege anafunikira nthawi kuthetsa malangizo yoyenera mu Chingerezi. Chifukwa cha kuchedwa, onse 287 okwera ndi mamembala adalira anaphedwa ndi khumi ndi zinayi.

Vuto la Donetsk mu 2014

Lalikulu kuwonongeka zaka za mu Soviet Union zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 2014 pa dera la nkhondo pakati pa asilikali aboma ndi magulu a Republic Donetsk anthu. "Boeing" 777, zouluka ku Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (likulu la Malaysia), kunagwa "Buku" wa ndi kudzikonda injini odana ndege zovuta. Search ntchito ndi kufufuza mu zimene zinachitikazi anali kumva chifukwa chakuti m'dera limene ndege inaonongeka, anali pakati ziŵiri.

Chifukwa cha tsokalo anapha anthu 298. Reis anapezerapo mwayi wa mneneri wa Organization World Health, aphungu ku Labor Party wa Netherlands, wolemba Australia, ophunzira za AIDS Society International. Motero anakhala Chinthu chapadera cha ziletso latsopano ndi Russia, izo bwanji akalozera katundu ndi bankirapuse wa kampani Malaysia Airlines.

Ngoziyo katundu AN-32 Zaire

Top khumi Ngozi atseka zinachitika katundu AN-32, umene unachitika mu Zaire. The ndege sanathe adzauka mu mlengalenga ndipo inagwera mu msika pafupi kwambiri msewu wonyamukira ndege ya. Chifukwa cha ngoziyi anapha makaniko, amene anali m'ngalawa ndege ndi anthu 297 pansi pakati pawo makamaka akazi ndi ana. anthu 66 okha anali kudziwa kwa akufa.