Njerwa yaiwisi: zikuchokera, katundu, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito

Adobe njerwa (dzina lina nkhaniyi nyumba - zidina) ndi zomangila zabwino. Iye wachita kale kudziwika kwa anthu, yosavuta ndi zosavuta kupanga ndi ntchito. Wamba zidina m'madera kum'mwera, koma limapezeka nthawi zina mu kanjira pakati.

Patrimony

Nyumba yoyamba, kumene zidina njerwa ntchito, panali zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza munthu ayenera moyo kwinakwake, ndi ndalama za ntchito yomanga nyumba zambiri sikokwanira. Ndipo chotero izo zinali zonse: tsopano, zaka zana zapitazo, zikwi ... Ngati tikulankhula ankakhala pafupi ndi mapiri kapena m'dera nkhalango, ndiye pali wotchipa zomangira zilipo zedi okwanira. Nanga bwanji anthu amene amakhala m'chipululu kapena zipululu? Pali miyala ndi mitengo anali okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo analibe onse. Kumene, tinamanga ndi zipangizo zokwera mtengo nyumba kunyumba ndi apo, koma kugula zapamwamba zimenezi, osati aliyense. Ndipo za m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC anapezeka njira kumanga yomanga dongo ndi kusakanizikana udzu.

The katundu wa zidina, ubwino ndi kuipa

Adobe njerwa ndi udzu akanadulidwa - mfundo yabwino kwambiri yomanga. ubwino m'nyimbozo mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Ndipotu, kupanga mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi ziro, kuyambira feedstock kwenikweni pansi pa mapazi athu. Ubwino wina wa ntchito nkhaniyi panoyi lamayimbidwe ake ndi matenthedwe makhalidwe kutchinjiriza. Komanso zidina hygroscopic, choncho ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa microclimate mu chipinda ndi chinyezi chopezeka owonjezera ndi kuteteza pakutchulidwa ya yonyowa pokonza ndi nkhungu mkati. Komanso, zidina njerwa, komanso chuma chilichonse nyumba, ozikidwa pa dongo, moto wamtundu uliwonse ndipo amapereka moto chitetezo chapadera cha nyumba.

Koma pali nyumba zimenezi zili zovuta zingapo. Wall njerwa mantha chinyezi, napempha yabwino pulasitala wosanjikiza kuwateteza. Mu nyengo zolimbitsa njerwa yaitali ndiponso kupukuta pang'onopang'ono kupeza mphamvu. Komanso zidina zosafunika kwa yomanga m'nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale mkati mwa mpanda wa zidina zambiri mukufuna kuthetsa makoswe ndi tizirombo tina. Izi angathe kupewedwa pasadakhale, ntchito zina zapadera kapena bwino ankachitira pamwamba. Mwa zina, ntchito yomanga njerwa izi wamangidwa pang'ono, chifukwa makoma akufunika nthawi kukwaniritsa linga ankafuna.

Adobe njerwa ndi mitundu yake

Saman ndi mitundu iwiri: kuwala ndi katundu. Kumangira opepuka zidina njerwa ngati safuna. A chisakanizo cha dongo ndipo filler, mmene filler akutengedwa mofanana lalikulu kuposa dongo, ndipo overlaps matabwa structural chimango kuti battens lapansi. Nthawi zina kungosiya pakati pa mkati ndi kunja zikopa khoma. Ubwino wa njira imeneyi - omasuka ndi liwiro. Kuipa - kumafuna nkhuni. Lolemera zidina - izi ndi zopambana za zidina njerwa ndi udzu a. Nyumba anamuika kuzimitsa amphamvu kwambiri, chodalirika, zimamangidwa kwa midadada okonzeka zopangidwa. Zokongoletsa makoma posachedwapa nditamaliza.

Kusankha zinthu

Kukuwotcha njerwa yaiwisi simutero, kotero kuti iye afika khalidwe ndi kapangidwe - amphamvu ndi odalirika, m'pofunika pa siteji oyambirira ndi kumvetsera konse kwa kusankha zinthu, kuti ndi dongo. Wa njerwa dongo maloplastichnyh kutembenukira Chimaona, ndi wochuluka kwambiri adzakhala osokoneza pa kutentha ndi chinyezi. Pali njira zambiri khalidwe. Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa izo.

Njira imodzi - chipwirikiti dongo kwa kukhuthala anakhumba, kuchita therefrom cubes atatu ang'onoang'ono ndi mbali ya 20 cm Origin kyubu akhale yekha dongo .. Wachiwiri mukufuna kuwonjezera pa 10% mchenga. Ndipo mu kyubu watha bwino kuwonjezera dongo mafuta, mu chiwerengero cha 10-15%. Pa cubes onse pa dzanja limodzi ndodo kapena msomali crosswise diagonally kupanga mizere osaya. m'lifupi pafupifupi 5 mm, kutalika - 10 cm cubes zouma sabata ndi theka, ndiyeno mizere muyeso amapangidwa .. Ta dongo, kumene mizere ali wamfupi 6-10 mm (compressibility 10,6%) ndi mulingo woyenera zotsimikizira matope njerwa.

Njira ziwiri - bwino n'kuukanda dongo aumbike therefrom mkanda awiri pafupifupi zisanu masentimita ndi pang'onopang'ono compress izo matabwa awiri molunjika. Clay otsika ductility akuyamba osokoneza pansi pa psinjika mpira kwa chachisanu kapena wachinayi awiri ake. Avereji plasticity - ming'alu kuoneka pamene wothinikizidwa ndi gawo limodzi m'mimba mwake mpira. Mkulu ductility - osokoneza pansi psinjika kwa theka awiri a. Mulingo woyenera plasticity - pafupifupi. Kubweretsa chofunika ductility mchenga kapena wochuluka dongo.

Njira yachitatu - kuchokera bwino n'kuukanda dongo kupanga wodzigudubuza kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm ndi makulidwe a 1-1.5 masentimita khushoni ndi chilonda pa chubu ndi awiri a 20 cm maloplastichnyh dongo kwambiri ming'alu ndi misozi, pali kwambiri ductility popanda ming'alu, ndi pa zikuchokera yabwino kwambiri ya dongo aumbike .. gululi wa ming'alu ing'onoing'ono.

Konzani dongo

Njira adzakhala kukonzekera dongo pasadafike. Pindani mogwirizana ndi m'lifupi lokwera pa pansi awiri ndi mamita theka ndi msinkhu wa mita imodzi. Thirani sitepe iliyonse wosanjikiza ndi madzi ndi tiyeni tiyime wina yozizira zakuthupi. Koma mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito dongo ndipo popanda kukonzekera. Chiwiya chako chokandiramo ufa m'pofunika kuti kuchuluka kwa dothi ntchito kokwanira lero. Kuwerengetsa: 1,000 kubala muyezo njerwa yaiwisi ayenera pafupifupi 3 mita kiyubiki matope. kuwanditsa ake zigawo za 15-20 cm, nthaka wothira matope wochuluka kapena mchenga ndi filler amusankha kuti, ndi udzu akanadulidwa, makoko, mungu ndi zina zotero. D. Izo zizichitidwa pang'onopang'ono yekha mu chikhalidwe youma. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa nsanja ntchito zopangidwa ledges dongo kwa posungira madzi. Ndiye osakaniza anayamba kudzaza ndi madzi. Kawirikawiri madzi ndi za 20-25% ya dongo. Kusonkhezera dothi osakaniza yunifolomu mafosholo miyendo akhoza Konkire akakhale opanga.

Yopanga njerwa midadada

Monga ulamuliro, kukula kwa zidina zingatipunthwitse ndi a mitundu itatu, malingana ndi nyengo ya kumalo kumene nyumba yomangidwa. The zambiri youma ndi yotentha nyengo, midadada zikuluzikulu amapangidwa, monga iwo angakhoze ziume bwino ndiponso kukhala ndi mphamvu zoyenera. midadada Small ndi miyeso 30h14h10 masentimita Avereji -. 30h17h13 masentimita Large - .. 40h19h13 masentimita Tisaiwale kuti ndondomeko ya kuyanika njerwa kutaya kwa 10-15% ndi buku. Choncho, mawonekedwe ndi pa masentimita 5-6 lalikulu kuposa njerwa lotsatira. Mafomu zikhoza kupangidwa kwa mmodzi, awiri kapena anayi njerwa. Mukhoza kuchita popanda pansi, ndi pansi akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a mabokosi ndi amangomvera. Kupatukana bwino chotsirizidwa ku nkhungu akhoza kukhala m'kati mwa mpanda wake upholster wandiweyani polyethylene. midadada njerwa amatuluka mu malo m'tsogolo adzakhala atayanika. Ngati ndi kotheka kusakaniza dothi analeredwa pa ophimba pa, umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a fosholo ndi pamwamba, tikaumbike gulu mwaukhondo kudula owonjezera, ndi midadada anaika kuti ziume.

Kuumitsa chotsirizidwa

Wokonzeka zidina njerwa anamulasa mu malo 2-3 woonda (1.5-2 mm) waya ndipo masiku atatu anakhalabe pa malo akamaumba. Nthawi izo mozondoka kuti yunifolomu kuyanika. Itatha nthawi iyi, midadada kuvala m'mphepete ndi zouma kwa masiku 3-5. Ndiyeno yekha njerwa anapanga mu mulu ndi kusiyana kakang'ono pakati pawo. Pamwamba midadada ali yokutidwa ndi mphasa, matabwa, tarpaulins, polyethylene, etc. Home - .. Pofuna kupewa ingress chinyezi pa kuyanika. Kuyanika ndondomeko chikuchitika, malingana ndi nyengo kwa masabata 2 mwezi wathunthu. wokonzeka zingadziŵike poona kuswa. The lonse wovulala pamwamba ayenera kukhala olimba, popanda Madontho pakati. Komanso ataponyedwa kutalika mamita awiri njerwa ayenera sizisintha ndi kuikidwa kwa maola 48 mu madzi ayenera asataye mawonekedwe ake.

Kumanga nyumba ya zidina

Monga tanenera poyamba, pomanga njerwa za dothi, mwapadera ayenera linaperekedwa kwa kutchinjiriza a mpanda ku chinyezi.

Fundam kwa zidina midadada makamaka lamba-mtundu, 20-25 masentimita onse kuposa zomangamanga yokha. Izi zachitika kuteteza makoma mvula kuwaza. Kutalika kwa maziko masentimita 50 ndipo pamwamba. Zofunika - wosweka mwala kapena konkire. Pamwamba pa maziko wosanjikiza zofunika kumatira.

Makoma zambiri anamanga: kunja - makulidwe a masentimita 50, mkati - 30-40 masentimita njira amapangidwa madzi, gawo limodzi la gawo limodzi la dongo ndi mchenga .. Komanso, zowalamulira akhoza analimbitsa mothandizidwa ndi mzimbe, ndodo kapena udzu. Inu simungakhoze kuchita kuika mu mvula. Muyenera yomweyo kubisa khoma ndipo dikirani kouma. Simungathe kumanga mpanda m'nyengo yozizira. Mwamsanga pambuyo yomanga mpanda kusowa kwa kumaliza pulasitala. pulasitala bwino kutenga pulasitala, monga simenti ali ndi ndalama zokwanira zabwino lumikiza ndi njerwa yaiwisi.

Denga n'zosavuta kuchepetsa kuthamanga pa khoma, ndi overhang lalikulu 70-80 cm, kusuntha kuda kutali ku makomawo. Gender akhoza amalimata kukodzedwa dongo, ndipo pamwamba kupanga thabwa joists.

Pomaliza

Ndi mfundo zonse zazikulu zokhudza ulimi wa njerwa dzuwa zouma, ndi zimene muyenera azimvetsera pamene nyumba kuchokera mwa iwo. maganizo kwambiri kolakwika ndi zimenezo panoyi sakhalitsa. Nyumba ya zidina, anamanga kugwilizana ndi umisiri onse, adzaima zaka zoposa zana. Mu nyumba zimenezi ofunda m'nyengo yozizira ndi ozizira mu chirimwe. No chidwi chodabwitsa kunyumba m'dziko zidina atilakwira.