Njira bwana kulankhulana lembalo. Communication mawu m'ziganizo

Text - m'ndandanda wa bwana zokhudzana ndi mzake tanthauzo ndi grammatically. Amacita ulaliki ndi kufala kwa lingaliro lenileni la ntchito mawu enieni, mafanizo ndi liwiro akhoza kukwaniritsa umodzi wa kalembedwe. Njira bwana kulankhulana lemba kupereka yokonza mosalekeza maganizo popanda kusokoneza dongosolo lake.

Kapangidwe ka lemba

The zikuchokera lemba, monga ulamuliro, tichipeza zigawo zitatu: oyamba, Nkhani mapeto. Chinenero cha Chirasha pali mitundu ingapo ya malemba, malingana ndi kukonza.

1. Liniya - yotsatana Nkhani ya mfundo kapena zochitika.
2. Analowa - lemba agawidwa m'magulu, amene pang'onopang'ono m'malo mnzake popanda kusokoneza umphumphu wa tanthauzo.
3. Concentric - kusintha kwa lingaliro wina ndi mzake ndi kubwereranso ku mfundo kale anafotokoza.
4. Yomweyi - njira Kuyerekezera mwambo wina ndi mzake.
5. Apawokha - Nkhani ndi dala kuchotsa munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu kulenga intrigue.
6. Mphete - kubwerera owerenga mapeto a mawu a anthu kale anasonyeza kumayambiriro kwa lingaliro kupendanso nkhani pambuyo womdziwa zonse ndi nkhaniyi.
7. Mosiyana - ntchito tisiyanitse ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mbali ya lembalo.

Ntchito ubale ziganizo lemba, munzere ndime. Amawapatula tanthauzo ndi malembedwe. Ndime iliyonse ali ndi nkhani yaing'ono, ali logic ndi chokwanira.

The zikuchokera malemba a Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana kulankhula

Malinga Chalk kalembedwe, kapangidwe ka mawu angakhale osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, olemba ntchito luso kawirikawiri kutsatira ndi kuwunikira kwambiri. Art kalembedwe akuphwanya causal ndi ubwenzi spatiotemporal. Zikuchokera zochokera ntchito yomanga conceptually.

Malemba mu sayansi, journalistic kapena malonda kalembedwe nthawi zonse umachitikira malinga ndi dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu a "kulingalira" ayenera bwino kusasintha ndi mbali chikukhudza nkhani yolembedwa umboni ndi linanena bungwe.

Kutsatsa - lemba wagawo

Ndime ya malemba kupanga maganizo. Iwo nacho chiweruzo wathunthu, mothandizidwa ndi zamalankhulidwe, kalembedwe ndi syntactical ubale wa mawu m'sentensi. Ubale syntactic zimadalira kuti ndi tanthauzo la mawu mu dongosolo la chiweruzo. kugwirizana kalembedwe anaonetsetsa ntchito zolumikizira, akuti ndi kusintha mawonekedwe a mawu. ubale zamalankhulidwe zimapanga manenedwe a malamulo ndi ntchito intonation.

Kawirikawiri wapereka mawu, mawu amene amaukitsa wapadera.

Mitundu ya kugwirizana kwa mawu akuti

mawu akuti mwina kulowa Co kapena kugwirizana wamng'ono. Relations pakati pa mawu amene mawu ndi amadalira ena, amalenga zina zofunika galamala. mawu yozungulira ayenera kufanana ndi variable morphological makhalidwe a mawu waukulu, ie, pamodzi mu nthawi, chiwerengero, jenda ndi mlandu.

ubwenzi wamng'ono, chimene mawu amadalira amatenga mawonekedwe a mawu waukulu kufotokoza mtundu wa ulamuliro "harmonization". Mawu ntchito limodzi nambala case, kapena mtundu. Mwachitsanzo: duwa wokongola, msungwana wamng'ono, zobiriwira mpira. Palinso maganizo tsankho wa chiyanjanitso, pamene mawu zosiyana mtundu: dokotala wanga, mlembi usilikali. Nthawi zambiri kulowa pangano ndipo malizitsani nauni ndi adjective (participle), akuti, manambala.

The Office ndi chiŵerengero cha kanthu ndi nkhani, ndiye kusonyeza lathu. Pamene mawu kudalira nthawi zambiri nauni kapena mbali ya kulankhula kuti akhoza m'malo mwake (adjective, participle). Mawu kugwira ntchito mu mawu amakhala mneni, ndi adverb, kapena chachikazi. Mwachitsanzo: kuwerenga nyuzipepala, nyama, yekha ndi bambo ake.

Junction anachititsa manenedwe yekha. Ndi mtundu mphambano anapanga mawu a infinitive, gerunds ndi adverbs, manauni Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: kuimba zokongola, ndikufuna kudya, wokongola kwambiri.

Coordinative chomangira cha mawu m'sentensi

Mizere mawu m'chiganizo akhoza chokhudzana okha tanthauzo ndi grammatically, ndipo sikukutanthauza lililonse zina modifiable. Mawu kuti ubwenzi zimenezi, zothetsera kukhala homogeneous kapena sakanikira anthu. Izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabungwe lumikiza, contrastive ndi akuwaza phindu. Asyndetic mndandanda chikugwirizana intonation yekha.

Lowani mu ubale coordinative akhale mbali ina ya kulankhula. Nthawi zambiri chiweruzo mizere grammatically palokha a mau omwewo. Pankhaniyi, wina mawu angakhale ndi chiwerengero osiyana ndi kufalikira.

njira Syntactic mawu kulankhulana m'sentensi

pempholo ndi zovuta kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha malembedwe a chinenero cha Chirasha, ndi ubale pakati pa mawu zimachitika kwambiri nthambi mu pempholo. pempholo ndi zifukwa kalembedwe ndipo angathe mamembala zazing'ono. Kugwirizana pakati pa nkhani ndi mkhalidwe kusiyana khalidwe ndi mwayi ku akuti: Mugone predicative pakati pa mawu osakaniza, akhoza osadzuka.

Communication akuwuka maganizo ndi pakati pa mamembala chachikulu:

• wolingana - mawu zimasandulizidwa pa nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa wina ndi mnzake wotchedwa kugwirizana. (Mvula Yophukira);
• asanawonetseredwebe - mawu musakhale monga mzake, iwo amachitcha Kutchulira awo. (Atate, pa ntchito);
• awiri - predicative amatanthauza dzina / puronauni (nkhani), ndipo gawo lake mwa mawu. (Mlongo anabwerera ku sukulu watopa).

Secondary chiganizo adzasanduka Kumvetsela mogwirizana ndi maziko kalembedwe, kupanga ziganizo.

Maganizo amene ali awiri kapena kuposa maziko kalembedwe amatchedwa zovuta. Pakati pa mbali awo angayambe ubale wofanana kapena subordination. Mgwirizano mu chiganizo zovuta ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana ndi tanthauzo.

mawu Communication ziganizo zovuta

Slozhnosochinennye zovuta (MTP) bwana yodziwika ndi kufotokoza ofanana ndi munthawi yomweyo zochitika. Mbali pempholo ntchito paokha Chrixitu ndipo pakhale payokha ngati awiri osavuta, popanda kutaya katundu zamalankhulidwe. Kulumikiza awiri kalembedwe m'munsi (wokhala kapena wopanda mbali yachiwiri) ndi Kutsata zolumikizira. Pali magulu zazikulu zitatu: kugawa, kulumikiza ndi contrastive. Dzina la gulu lililonse kuti afotokoze mmene zamalankhulidwe njira kucheza ndi magawo awiri a chiweruzo zovuta.

Conjunctionless kupereka (BSP) limanenanso za mgwirizano coordinative. Osiyana zapansi kalembedwe anasiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zopumira, intonation ndi tanthauzo.

subordination njira kulankhulana m'sentensi ali anasonyeza osati mawu. Mtundu lotsatira chiganizo zovuta zachokera subordination zigawo chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa ena. Zovuta chiweruzo (CPR) aumbike mwa mabungwe ndi mawu ogwirizana, ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Malinga pa mitundu mtengo secrete Akumakambirananso (zifukwa, nthawi, malo, chikhalidwe, ndi zina zotero. P.).

Nthawi zambiri, makamaka kalembedwe luso journalistic, pali WBS ndi Akumakambirananso angapo. pali osiyana kugwirizana Kumvetsela ku milandu:

• Siriyo - Kutsatsa modalirana pa "unyolo": The gawo lachiwiri la woyamba, wachitatu kuchokera wachiwiri, etc;..
• yomweyi - mmodzi wa Akumakambirananso ali osiyana mu mtundu;
• yunifolomu - mbali yaikulu monga angapo paranasal ofanana.

Zovuta malembedwe akhoza imodzi kuphatikiza mgwirizano coordinative (mu mawonekedwe a MSP ndi BSP) ndi subordination.

bwana Communication

Njira bwana kulankhulana lemba anawagawa zikuluzikulu ziwiri: siriyo ndi kufanana. Yotsatana nthano amakhala ndi pang'onopang'ono komanso lomveka chitukuko cha mfundo zofunika. Nkhani za maganizo yapita amakhala maziko latsopano ndi unyolo. Monga njira kulankhulana amapereka, mu nkhani iyi, kungakhale lofanana, zolumikizira, akuti, associative ndi ofananira zamalankhulidwe.

Kugwirizana Kufanana pempholo zochokera fanizo kapena mosiyana. Malemba ambiri ntchito kulankhulana kufanana amakhala ndi ntchito chiganizo chimodzi monga "deta" pa chitukuko ndi concretization cha lingaliro. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kufanana, ndi zogwirizana syntactic, lexical ndi morphological njira ya bwana kulankhulana lembalo.

njira Lexical cha maganizo kulankhulana

Ndi kulankhulana lexical olemba ntchito ayamba kulenga onse siriyo ndi kufanana Nkhani. Pankhaniyi, njira ya bwana kulankhulana ntchito njira zotsatirazi.

1. kubwereza Lexical - MUKACHULUKIDWE mawu ndi mitundu, osakaniza kiyi.
2. Mawu thupi limodzi la gulu thematic.
3. Mau ofanana ndi n'chimodzimodzi M'MALO.
4. Otsutsana nawo.
5. Mawu pamodzi kwake mkati tanthauzo la kugwirizana zomveka (Koma chifukwa cha ichi, pomaliza ndi m. P.).

Pogwiritsa ntchito mawu a bwana kulankhulana kwenikweni chibadidwe mu nkhani siriyo.

njira Morphological cha maganizo kulankhulana

njira morphological kulankhulana zochokera ntchito mbali zosiyanasiyana za kulankhula, ndi kusonkhana bwana umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Zotsatira ndi kukwaniritsa ngati ndondomeko yolondola ya mawu.

njira Morphological kulankhulana pakati pa bwana anawagawira motere.

1. Anagwirizana mawu, zolumikizira ndi tinthu ntchito pa chiyambi cha chiganizocho.
2. Personal ndi woonekeratu akuti, zomwe m'malo mwa mawu kuchokera bwana m'mbuyomu.
3. Adverbs malo, nthawi, zokhudzana tanthauzo ndi ziganizo zingapo za lembalo.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi wamba ndipamene predicates mawu.
5. KUSIYANA KWA tikayerekezera adverbs ndi adjectives zokhudzana ndi maganizo m'mbuyomu.

Ntchito yoyenera mu kufanana ndi mu yotsatana Nkhani.

njira Syntactic cha maganizo kulankhulana

bwana malembedwe chomangira m'lembali zimatheka ndi mwadala ntchito imodzi mwa njira:

• syntactic kufanana (ofanana kuti mawu ndiponso kapangidwe morphological);
• asandilembe yomanga chiweruzo ndi kulembetsa yake wodziimira botolo la lemba;
• ntchito ziganizo chosakwanira ;
• ntchito zojambula yoyambirira, apilo, mafunso odzutsa chidwi, etc.
• Inversion m'mbali kuti mawu.

nsembe malembedwe chomangira khalidwe la Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana. Inde, osiyanasiyana ndi chodabwitsa mitundu Tingaone kokha zopeka kapena utolankhani.

The njira anafotokoza cha maganizo kulankhulana m'lembali ali si okhawo zotheka. Izi zidalira pa kalembedwe mawu ndi malingaliro a wolemba. m'mabuku si omveka bwino - akhoza kuthana zosiyanasiyana tchito njira zonse zotheka mogwirizana. zikalata Scientific ndi boma-malonda muli malemba kwambiri bwino ndipo kusasintha kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za logic ndi mabwenzi okhudza malo-mwakanthawi.