Ntchito Lermontov ku maphunziro a kusukulu. Kuphunzira Lermontov mu sukulu

Zilandiridwenso Russian tingachipeze powerenga Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova tonse akadali mukudziwa kusukulu. ntchito zake aphatikizidwa pulogalamu kuvomerezedwa maphunziro. Mu mtundu wanyimbo aliyense wa Lermontov ndi inimitable namatetule, ngakhale Iyeyo akapanda wangwiro kusindikizidwa pafupi ndi mphunzitsi wake ndi fano Pushkin. Ndicho chifukwa chake nayamba kulalikira ntchito zake yokha pambuyo pa imfa ya Alexander.

ntchito Lermontov ku maphunziro a kusukulu

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov anali ndi luso ndi munthu anaimba kuti moyo wake waufupi kwambiri anatha kusiya ana athu chuma ambiri chikhalidwe mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, ndakatulo, mabuku, nkhani yochepa, mabuku, etc. Pa nthawi, anawonjezera ulalo wa geniuses wamkulu wa mabuku Russian amene ntchito amaphunzitsidwa m'kalasi. ntchito Lermontov mu pulogalamu sukulu kumayambitsa ana chakuti chisamaliro cha anthu pa nthawi imene iwo anauziridwa ndi kuti kupha. ndakatulo Lermontov anali achiyankhulo ndi chosiyana kwambiri, wokongola ndi choyambirira. Ambiri akukumbukirabe ndi mtima ndakatulo "Borodino" ndi bwino ntchito zimenezi wotchuka ngati "Mkaidi wa Caucasus", "Haji-Abrek," "watsopano," "Chiwanda" "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi", "kupalasa", "zigawenga" "Duma", etc.

"Hero Nthawi"

Zambiri mu mozama zinthu M. Yu. Lermontova wapadera mmodzi wa chilengedwe chake anaphatikizidwa maphunziro kusukulu. Iwo ndi buku "A Hero Nthawi" umene Lermontov chinaoneka ngati munthu weniweni zolembalemba Albucasis 30-40-ntchentche za m'ma XIX. Great mlengi mu ntchito yake ndi chikondi malangizo. buku wake lidalembedwa prose ndi njira pachiyambi kulenga njira cyclization. Iye anatipatsa chosaiwalika chifanizo cha Pechorin - munthu, anakhala superfluous mu breakaway nthawi yake.

The ntchito pakokha kuchuluka ndi ndondomeko wosakhalitsa, ndipo imakhala nkhani zosiyana kwathunthu, essays kuyenda, nkhani ndi zolemba. Mitu isanu akhoza kukonza dongosolo losiyana kotheratu. Koma Lermontov si mtengo, ndi kuti Pachithunzipa ndi ndalama yeniyeni kudziwa makhalidwe a ngwazi Pechorin, fano lake ndi zinamuchitikira. Owerenga nkhani kutumikira anthu atatu: Kulingalira - kapitawo oyendayenda, bwanawe - Maksim Maksimych, ndi mbali yaikulu - Grigory Pechorin.

Choyamba wowerenga surfactant Pechorina zamaganizo kusanthula, ndiye mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo pamapeto pali psychoanalysis zakuya. Buku "Hero Nthawi" Lermontov linalembedwa mu 1840, chabe chaka pamaso pa duel zomvetsa chisoni. Ndipo pasanapite nthawi linasindikizidwa mu St. Petersburg yosindikiza Ilya Glazunov.

"Kupalasa"

The "kupalasa" chimodzi kalasi ophunzira anayamba kufufuza ndakatulo otchuka. Lermontov analemba kuti ngakhale monga wophunzira pafupi kusintha kwakukulu kuyesedwa kwa iye, poyenda m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Gulf of Finland mu 1832. Iye anali ndi zaka 17 zokha. Chifukwa cha kukangana ndi ndodo chiphunzitso, anakakamizika kusiya University of Moscow, ndi kuyiwala ntchito zilankhulo. Iye ankayenera kuti asamukire ku St. Petersburg ndi kupita alonda chilolezo sukulu kusamala ndi cadets. Ndipo kotero maziko ndakatuloyi "kupalasa" Lermontov Musamangokomedwa ake onse ndi malingaliro za m'mbuyomu ndi tsogolo chosadziwika ndi mpemphero.

Ndakatulo tichipeza zigawo zitatu, zomwe kudzapereka zithunzi khalidwe owala, ndakatulo nyimbo, mmene amakondera zinachitikira ndi kukhwima kwa lingaliro. Kupalasa Pankhaniyi amachita ngati ngwazi m'nyimbo, kutsogolo kwa zomwe zikusintha seascape. Ndipo izi ndendende akuganizira boma lake m'maganizo. Chifanizo cha m'nyanja ndi chizindikiro cha amazipotokola moyo ndipo motsatana, ndi kupalasa - ndi moyo wa munthu. Zikuyenda zinthu wotsutsana, komanso munthuyo, anaponyedwa mavuto nyanja tsiku ndi tsiku, lomwe ndi wamphamvu wosungulumwa mwa anthu omwewo kugudubuzika mmenemo.

"Chiŵanda"

Malinga ndi maphunziro a kusukulu, ana kuphunzira wina ntchito kwambiri choyambirira - ndakatulo "The Chiwanda". Lermontov, ngati olemba ambiri Russian chidwi zithunzi za mizimu yoipa, chotero amagwiritsa epics wowerengeka, nthano ndi zochitika za m'Baibulo. Mu ndakatulo yake "The Chiwanda" Lermontov akuchenjeza za mmene zilizonse munthu, kodi mosavuta iye akanakhoza kuyesedwa kuti molunjika kumene ku gehena. Lembani izi zapadera kukongola ndi zophiphiritsa ndakatulo Lermontov anayamba ali ndi zaka 15 ndipo anayesetsa kwa zaka 10. chiwembu ndi nthano m'Baibulo, limene limati Mulungu chilombo kuchokera kumwamba mzimu woipa amene ankatsutsa ulamuliro wake ndipo iye ankafuna kuti Mulungu wa kumwamba. Ndiyeno iye zimachitika nthano ake Caucasus wakale wa momwe phiri mzimu nyumba, nsanje mtsikana Niño ku wokonda ake, onse flunked chigumukire.

Ndipo Chiwanda Lermontov amalenga mtima wofanana ndi nyumba, amene sankadziwa za mkwiyo ndi chikaiko yaitali wakanidwa, iye sanali kupeza malo ogona, ankanyoza zofooka mu nthawi ndi malo a moyo wa munthu. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi anagonjetsa - ali m'chikondi ndi Tamara wokongola, chikondi ayesedwa ndi kuwononga izo, koma mngelo kumupulumutsa iye ndi makomo kumwamba, koma chiwanda anali kachiwiri yekha ndi chilango chosatha. Kuyesa kutsitsimutsa mwa chikondi sanafanane kunja. Chiwanda Lermontov bondo, ndi chisoni izi amazembera mu mizere ochepa, motero wokhudza moyo wa owerenga.

"Gold" ndakatulo

ndakatulo Sukulu Lermontov wonena za kugwa sanathe zikuphatikizapo palokha, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi ndi odzipereka ku "golide" mkombero. Zinali dreary, achinyezi yophukira nthawi chisamaliro wofatsa chikondi moyo wa ndakatulo wamng'ono, amene yosintha kuchokera mwamtendere ndi wodzichepetsa mnyamata excitatory ndi wofunitsitsa mnyamata kale nthawi kupereka moyo ndi sakuona monga phindu. Amawakonda kutha kwa chikhalidwe ndipo mwa chibadwa akamaliza makamaka a mkombero mu moyo ndipo tsopano akukonzekera modzichepetsa chilichonse tsoka adzakonza iye. ndakatulo Sukulu Lermontov wonena za kugwa sanathe kuyatsa.

"Yophukira"

Lermontov "Kugwa" zinalembedwa 1828, pamene anali ndi zaka 14 zokha. ndakatulo imeneyi inali chimodzi mwa zitsanzo momveka bwino chikondi wolemba ndakatulo cha chikhalidwe mayi. Pamene anali kuphunzira mu nyumba ya lendi ndipo akukonzekera kulowa University. Kusiya sukulu, iye anadza ku malo agogo kwawo ku Moscow ndi zambiri kuyenda, akutama m'deralo pamalo m'mudzimo. Kumeneko iye choyamba kutamandidwa zodabwitsa kukongola, ulemerero, ndi ukulu wa chilengedwe Russian. Iye anapita ndi imasonkhezera matsenga, anayamba ntchito, ndi kupeza ndakatulo kwambiri. ndakatulo Lermontov za m'dzinja kugwedeza zapadera melodic ndi wokongola mafotokozedwe ake nyengo zomvetsa chisoni, chimene nthawizonse akubweretsa wozingwa kuwala zakale ziyembekezo ndi mantha ndiponso padera.

"Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi"

Lermontov anaphunzira ntchito mu maphunziro a kusukulu, ndi monga ndakatulo wotchuka "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi." Lermontov, Pushkin linali fano, iye wakhala chidwi ndi ntchito zake. Choncho, mwadzidzidzi imfa ya Pushkin anali Michael monga mantha ndipo anayambitsa mkwiyo waukulu mantha. Ndi kwambiri analemba ndakatulo imeneyi, yomwe limanenela mapulani conspiratorially mkulu anthu ndi wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri. Ndakatulo "Imfa ya ndakatulo" idzafotokoza awiri yoyamba limafotokoza ngozi imene inachitika January 27, 1837. Ndipo si Dantes Lermontov akulengeza wakupha, ngakhale kuti si zifukwa, ndipo anthu mkulu, amene anaseka ndakatulo ndi zambiri pa mpata uliwonse manyazi ndipo anam'sautsa. Lermontov mlandu mabwalo pafupi a ndakatulo iyi amene anaphedwa mu chinyengo, mawu opanda pake zotamanda ndi chisoni chowiringula. Ngakhale Lermontov mu mizere awo ankagwira chakuti Pushkin ankadziwa wakupha wake mu nkhope ndi chifukwa imfa yake imene Iye ananeneratu wambwebwe unyamata wake.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la Lermontov limanenela otchedwa "golide unyamata" wa makolo wotchuka tsopano, ndithudi, kuzemba chilango. Komabe, iye anachenjeza za chiweruzo cha Mulungu, limene, posapita nthawi aliyense wa iwo adzakhala kuonekera. Pakuti ndakatulo wolimba mtima Lermontov anali ku ukapolo ku Caucasus. Ndiyeno iye, monga Pushkin, adzaphedwa mu duel a.

Pomaliza

Wolemba ndakatulo sanathe padera, ziribe kanthu momwe akuyesera kuti achipange icho adani ake. ntchito Lermontov ku maphunziro a kusukulu, zimakhala gawo lalikulu. Wolemba ndakatulo anagwirizana ntchito yake yosatha mafunso nthanthi kuti zonse zakhala anthu, iye anali woukira ndi kupita ndi mawonetseredwe onse a dongosolo la dziko. Nthawi, anali ngati zilembo wake, iyenso anamva, anakumana ndi okondedwa. khalidwe lake zikufanana kwambiri Pushkin, iwo ankafuna chidwi ndi chidwi ndi iye, ngati iwo akanakhoza, nthawi zina mopusa kusekedwa mawonekedwe a epigrams kapena khalidwe Freestyle pa mipira chikhalidwe, komanso zokhumba ndi kuwamenya. moyo wawo wosakhwima anali ovutika ndi bwino kutetezedwa, kotero nthawi moyo Mulungu wawapatsa pang'ono ndithu. Koma si kanthu kuti iwo ankakhala moyo wake. Tsopano ife tikhoza kukhala onyada kuti anthu kwambiri ndi moyo padziko lapansi lino. Ndipo tsopano iwo akhala chuma chenicheni cha mabuku Russian.