Stanisław Lem ndi buku lake "Solaris"

1961 TH zinali zodzaza osati woyamba ndege mu mlengalenga, komanso chakuti buku "Solaris" anali inafalitsidwa koyamba mu chaka. Mlembi wa mankhwala wosangalatsa anali ndi Polish wolemba chiyambi Ayuda Stanisław Lem. "Solaris" anali kuyembekezera asangokhala anthu otchuka kwambiri ntchito za wolemba, komanso kusiya chizindikiro kukoma mu mabuku wosangalatsa wa dziko.

Stanisław Lem - woyambitsa buku la "Solaris"

Stanisław Lem, kapena ngati iwo amachitcha icho mu Stanisław Lem kwawo, anabadwa mu mzinda Ukraine Lviv umene panthawi a Poland. Childhood wa wolemba tsogolo anadutsa kumeneko. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, achinyamata Stanisław osankhidwa zachipatala ndipo anapita kukaphunzira mankhwala pa University of Lviv. Komabe, ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Lem anakakamizika kusiya sukulu ndi kupeza ntchito owotcherera a.

Wolemba ndipo makolo ake anali Ayuda. Komabe, io poopa kuthamangitsidwa ndi m'ndende m'ndende chifukwa cha zikalata wopeka.

Nkhondo itatha, Lviv mbali ya USSR, ndi Lem, ndi Pole, anauzidwa kuti achoke kwawo ndi kusamukira Kraków. Apa anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa yunivesite Jagiellonian.

Lolemera pambuyo nkhondo nthawi zasungidwa kwa Stanisław Lem ang'onoang'ono. Ndalama zowonjezera pa nthawi yopuma, mkulu ntchito, iye anayamba kulemba zopeka nkhani yochepa. Posachedwa Lem talente anazindikira, mbali zina wakhala ntchito yake yaikulu.

Mu 1951, wolemba mabuku wake waukulu woyamba ntchito - yopeka yonena "chombo". ntchito Izi zimapangitsa Lem kudziŵika kokha mu Poland koma padziko lonse. "Wokayenda pamwezi" m'zinenero zina ndipo nthawi zambiri republished.

Mu zaka wotsatira, amachoka zambiri wolemba. Kunena "Magellanic Mtambo", "kufufuza", "Edeni", "Bwererani ku Nyenyezi", "Maulendo Anapeza mu m'bafa", "losagonjetseka," "Liwu la Ambuye", "Qatar" ndi ena. Vuto la nkhani zoseketsa za "The Star Diaries," ndi Zopatsa wa wokayenda pamwezi ndi, magulu essays, "Dialogues", nkhani zoseketsa "Kuwukiridwa kwa Aldebaran." Series "nkhani maloboti" nkhani, "The Cyberiad," "ankanena Pirx Woyendetsa", "wachabechabe mtheradi" ndi zina zambiri. Mwa ntchito za wolemba monga buku autobiographical zokhudza ubwana ku Lviv "High Castle" ndi wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko nthanthi yopeka yonena "Solaris".

Wolemba anamwalira mu March 2006, mavuto mtima ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Kraków.

Chidule cha buku la "Solaris"

Posacedwapa, anthu amagwira osauka danga. Pa zana ndi zaka makumi atatu pamaso pa nkhani dziko Solaris wakhala anapeza asayansi. Poyamba, anthu ankaganiza kuti kunali anthu ochepa. Koma posakhalitsa, anthu anamva kuti kiseleobrazny nyanja, kuphimba nkhope yonse ya dziko - chamoyo. Anthuwo anasangalala ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana njira kulankhula ndi lingaliro ili. Koma m'zaka zapitazi, ndi kuzipanga izo chomwecho ndipo analephera.

Pa siteshoni kafukufuku Solaris akubwera latsopano wantchito - wowerenga maganizo Chris Kelvin. Khalidwe la ena ogwira ntchito siteshoni - Snauta ndi Sartorius - zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri. Komanso, wachitatu dzina lake Gibaryan kapitawo atatsala pang'ono kufika kwa Chris anadzipha.

Kelvin analibe nthawi kudya uthenga zonse, sankadziwa komwe wake wakale bwenzi limapezeka Hari. Komabe, izi zikhoza kukhala, monga iye anali kudzipha kamodzi mumpanduko. zoyesayesa zonse kuchotsa Chris Hari zinalephereka - wabwerera mobwerezabwereza. Posachedwa zamaganizo ndikupeza kuti membala aliyense adalira ali ofanana sanatiitane "mlendo" m'mbuyomu. Likukhalira ku nthawi imene anthu kuphunzira Solaris, dziko, nayenso, anayamba kuchititsa "zatsopano" pa ofufuza awo. Kuchita izi, izo chikuwonekera zinthu akakumbukira ndi manyazi anthu kukhala pa dziko.

Calvin ndi wake odwala anzake zikukangalika kufunafuna njira kuti tichotse awo "alendo", wotchedwa phantoms. Komabe, iwo sizinagwire ntchito. Nthawiyi, Chris akuyamba mwamamatira Hari, choyenera kwambiri anthu ndipo posachedwa iye zopeka za chiyambi chawo. Pozindikira kuti ali, iye ayesera kudzipha, koma iye sanabwere kuchokera.

Kelvin posachedwa ikutha kuyang'ana njira yochotsera Hari. Koma comrades wake ndi mtsikana mobisa kupitiriza kafukufuku. Amayang'anila Mokhumbira ndi kuwononga mizukwa onse pa siteshoni, kuphatikizapo Hari.

Chris ndi wokwiya kwambiri chifukwa cha imfa ichi. anzake ankaopa kuti achite chinachake totupa - aphulitsa dziko kapena kudzipha. Koma kwambiri rethinking zinachitikazi, Kelvin afuna kukhala pa Solaris ndipo mudziwe zambiri.

History of akulemba buku

Buku "Solaris" si ntchito yoyamba ya zopeka Lem. Komabe, anayamba kuchoka wolemba zithunzi n'komwe za m'tsogolo, ankaikira loboti mbuyomo.

Mbali yaikulu ya "Solaris" linalembedwa m'chilimwe cha 1959, pamene Stanisław Lem tchuthi kum'mwera kwa Poland. Koma atafika kunyumba, wolemba anaponya pamanja yosatha kwa pafupifupi chaka. Mu 1960, Lem wasankha akadali kumaliza buku "Solaris". Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Atamaliza mutu wotsiriza, komanso kusintha atalemba malemba. Mu 1961, buku lofalitsidwa mu Poland, ndi zaka wotsatira izo ayamba alitanthauzire.

Monga analemba m'mabuku ake autobiographical iye Lem, zinthu zambiri mu buku lake "Solaris" anali zosamvetsetseka kwa iye. Pamene ntchito pa buku, ndi wolemba zina zinkaoneka kuti munthu wina wamuuza bwanji ndi zimene kulemba.

chophimba Baibulo

Mu 1963 ndinasamukira mu Chirasha "Solaris". Buku anasangalala kwambiri ndi owerenga Soviet kuti zaka zisanu zokha kuchokera pamene buku la zolinga zake anali anajambula ndi TV ndi Vasiliem Lanovym momwe mulinso.

Mu 1972, Andrei Tarkovsky anatenga filimu zonse m'buku ndi Lem ndi Donatas Banionis monga Kelvin. Pakali pano, mlembi wa buku ali ndithu zoipa anachita rethinking a "Solaris" Tarkovsky, kunena kuti wotsogolera kwambiri sanamvetse dongosolo lake.

Pa chiyambi cha awiri masauzande Stanisław Lem anapereka pojambula buku lake mu Hollywood. Pambuyo kulephera kwa Tarkovsky wolemba chete, koma anavomera. Ndipo mu 2002 pa zowonetsera kunja anatengera chachitatu cha buku "Solaris". Mwatsoka, kunapezeka kuti ngakhale kutali kwambiri kuchokera chithunzi zoyenda choyambirira osati 1972.

Mu 2016 m'pamene zaka 55 kuyambira kwa buku la Stanislava Lema, "Solaris". Buku zaka sanataye kufunika kwake ndipo akupitiriza chimwemwe maganizo koposa mibadwo latsopano owerenga.