Othandiza Physics: photoemission

Ziribe kanthu momwe anthu ambiri pa moyo wawo kamodzi yokonzedwa ndi maphunziro a kusukulu, ndi palibe-palibe ndipo ndidzalizindikiritsa za nokha kumbukirani. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene izo zifika pa chodabwitsa cha photoemission.

tanthauzo

Photoeffect sayansi ankaganiza mayikidwe ndondomeko ma elekitironi mu ma atomu, mamolekyu, zinthu, zomwe ukapezeka zimachitika atadziŵa kuwala. A photoemission - njira imene ma elekitironi ali anagogoda kuwala ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuti achoke malire lakunja kwa nkhaniyo.

History ndi Tsatani

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa mfundo imeneyi chodabwitsa anaona sayansi ku Germany, Genrih Gerts mu lakutali 1887. kutsegula kwa phunziro Anapitiriza mnzake hedzi, Russian wasayansi Stoletov. namatetule A, Einstein anayamba chiphunzitso cha mphamvu photoelectric zochokera maganizo a kwadzidzidzi sayansi. Popeza photoemission anaphunzira kwambiri moti ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso anagula mu zonse mu kapangidwe ndi kupanga zipangizo photovoltaic zochokera. Ngati timatenga chitsanzo ofunika kwambiri, ili basi chipata garaja, ndi kuthamanga pa maselo dzuwa.

Zimagwirira wa mtundu uwu ntchito pa mphamvu ya magetsi. Komabe, maselo dzuwa kuti ntchito yekha kunja photoeffect, kusandutsa mphamvu opangidwa pa cheza mu magetsi bwinobwino. Choncho, kuwagwiritsa ntchito magetsi palibe tanthauzo lapadera, sitinganene za zokha. Ndi mothandizidwa ndi matabwa kuwala amapezeka m'madera okhudzidwa mu njira kulamulira basi.

Popanda kukokomeza, akhoza amanena kuti anapeza zotsatira photoelectric zinali moona chosintha mu sayansi. Nawa lapadera kwambiri zotsatira zake:

• pamaso asayansi awulule chikhalidwe chinsinsi cha kuwala, mtengo kuwala;
• mafilimu a kanema ku chete anali "kulankhula" anali anatulukira njira ya mawu, ndi mfundo za kulanda fano kusuntha ndi anapanga zikomo zotheka zotsatira photoelectric;
• chilengedwe pa maziko a zipangizo photoelectric makina amenewa ndi "makina anzeru" kuti, anapatsidwa magawo a m'madera osiyanasiyana anapangidwa popanda munthu;
• ndi kuchuluka kwa asilikali osiyana zochokera photoelectron zokha.

Choncho kwambiri ntchito zotsatira photoelectric, ndipo anakhala yojambula zipangizo zamakono.

gulu la maselo dzuwa

Photo zotsatira anawagawa mitundu yambiri monga katundu ndi ntchito.

1. Kunja photoelectric zotsatira (mwa kulankhula kwina - photoelectron umuna). The ma elekitironi amene panamveka kunja chinthu akachitika amatchedwa photoelectrons. Ndipo ndi magetsi, iwo apanga pamene kusuntha mwadongosolo m'munda kunja magetsi, ankatchedwa photocurrent.
2. Internal photoelectric tingati kulimbikitsa zinthu photoconductive. Kumachitika pamene ma elekitironi ali adagawanso pa semiconductors ndi insulators malingana ndi boma mphamvu ya loitanirana ndi - olimba kapena madzi. kusokonekera chodabwitsa amapezeka mchikakamizo cha kuwala. Izo ndiye kumawonjezera madutsidwe magetsi ndi zinthu, i.e., likukhalira zotsatira za photoconductivity.
3. Vavu photoelectric zotsatira - tinganene photoelectrons ku matupi awo zolimba ena (semiconductors) kapena madzi (electrolyte).

Kunja zotsatira photoelectric ndi maziko a ntchito ya photocells ano kuyamwa. Iwo chopangidwa mu botolo galasi limene pamwamba mkati pang'ono TACHIMATA ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo mafunsidwe zachitsulo. A pang'ono wosanjikiza makulidwe imapereka ntchito yaing'ono linanena bungwe. Transparent zenera akudutsa mkati babu kuwala ndi ili mkati izo anode mu mawonekedwe a zingwe zopota waya kapena photoelectrons kudzadzipeza chimbale. Ngati anode olumikizidwa kwa mtengo zabwino batire, izo atseka dera, iwo akupitiriza magetsi. Ie Zingalowe maselo dzuwa akhoza kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa kulandirana lapansi.

Mwa kaphatikizidwe maselo dzuwa yolandirana, inu mukhoza kulenga zosiyanasiyana "kuona" makina Mwachitsanzo, makina mu yapansi panthaka.

Choncho, pokhala anaika mu maziko a njira zambiri mafakitale, kunja photoelectric zotsatira monga atulukira kwambiri thupi ndi chinsinsi opaleshoni bwino zokha mafakitale.