Nthanthi mutu wa lyric Tyutchev kusanthula. F. I. Tyutchev: nthanthi nyimbo

Cholowa luso la Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev ndi ang'ono: ndi mabuku ochepa okha ndi pafupifupi 50 250 Mabaibulo ndi ntchito yoyambirira ya ndakatulo, angapo amene analephera. Koma ena mwa zolengedwa za wolemba izi chuma chenicheni cha ndakatulo. Nthanthi chikhalidwe ndakatulo Tiutchev kumathandiza chakuti chidwi pa ntchito yake mosaletseka, chifukwa zimakhudza mitu wosatha. ndakatulo zimenezi, ndipo lero wapadera mu mphamvu ndi kuya wamaganizo, kotero wosafa.

Tiutchev, nthanthi mawu amene ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi, monga ndakatulo zachitika kuzungulira kwa 1820-1830 a. M'nyengo imeneyi katswiri wa luso lake: "Chilimwe Madzulo", "tulo", "Last chiwonongeko", "masomphenya", "Cicero", "Yophukira Madzulo", "kasupe madzi" ndi ena.

General maonekedwe a ndakatulo

Zinapatsira ndi ganizo kwambiri ndi mokhudza nthawi yomweyo ndi tanthauzo pachimake cha tsoka la moyo, ndakatulo Tiutchev m'kukoma akuti luso zonse zotsutsana ndi kuvuta zenizeni. maganizo ake nthanthi inakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha maganizo lachilengedwe nthanthi ya Schelling. Lyrics Fedor impregnated nkhawa. Nature, munthu, dziko pamaoneka ntchito zake zipolowe wosatha wa asilikali osiyana otsutsa. Man ndi chikhalidwe silingayende "wosiyana", "opanda chiyembekezo" nkhondo "wosimidwa 'kulimbana ndi tsoka, ndi moyo. Makamaka, wolemba ndakatulo anakopeka ndi chifaniziro cha mkuntho ndi Chimphepo cha moyo wa munthu ndi dziko. Malo zithunzi ndakatulo wake utoto Russian mitundu mitundu, mosiyana ndi zolengedwa kale.

Features nzeru zaumunthu nyimbo

Pamodzi ndi E. A. Baratynskim F. I. Tyutchev - wotchuka woimira ndakatulo nzeru zaumunthu mu dziko lathu m'zaka 19. njira wake luso amasonyeza khalidwe la ndakatulo za nthawi kuyenda kwa romanticism kuti Kuzindikira. Fedor talente, wolemba ndakatulo amene anatembenuka mtima wonse kuti mphamvu wachisokonezo cha moyo, mwa icho chokha chinali chinthu chachibadwidwe. Nthanthi ndakatulo Tiutchev mu wokhutira maganizo amakhala zosiyanasiyana palibiretu akuya kwambiri. malo otsiriza Pankhaniyi akutenga zolinga za chifundo, amene angapezeke mu ndakatulo monga "Bwerani, Ambuye, ndinu chimwemwe changa" ndi "Misozi wa umunthu."

Wapadera ndakatulo Tiutchev a

Ikani luso chidziwitso cha malire anthu, sitingathe nzeru za anthu, za chikhalidwe, kuphatikiza ndi izo, dreary ndi wofatsa kuzindikira zinthu zimene chikondi - izi ndi zifukwa nzeru zaumunthu ndakatulo Tiutchev. nkhani ina - mutu wa lachinsinsi ndipo wachisokonezo primordial zinthu zamoyo zonse.

Tiutchev, nthanthi mawu amene ali chidwi kwambiri, kwenikweni chosiyana ndi choyambirira ndakatulo, ngati si onse mu mabuku. Amakhudza onse refraction andakatulo wake. Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo "O aulosi moyo wanga," "O Woyera Night", "Night Sky", "Night mawu", "misala", "Usana ndi Usiku" ndipo ena ndi osiyana ndi mitundu yake nzeru ndakatulo za ugliness zachilengedwe, chisokonezeko ndi misala. Ndipo kumatikumbutsabe chikondi, ndi kufotokoza chikhalidwe zinapatsira mu malingaliro wolemba uyu kuti kuseri kwa izi zonse zobisika chinsinsi, thanthwe, wowopsa, chikhalidwe negative. Choncho nthanthi ganizo Fedor nthawi lodzala ndi chisoni, amasirira thanthwe, amazindikira kutisokoneza.

Periodization wa zilandiridwenso Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva

Phunziro "nthanthi ndakatulo Tiutchev" sukulu zambiri akuyamba ndi periodization ntchito zake. Akulankhula za iyo, ndi magawo zotsatirazi za chitukuko ya ndakatulo ya wolemba.

1 Nyengo - zaka 20. Izi nthawi koyamba. Ndakatulo ya Fyodor Ivanovich pa nthawi imeneyi zimagwiritsa zongoganizira, umasinthasintha. Komabe, kale mu zaka 1820, ndi ndakatulo za wolemba pang'onopang'ono chinamulowerera nthanthi lingaliro. Nkhani yaikulu: merging onse pamodzi - ndi nzeru za chikhalidwe ndi chikondi.

2 nyengo - zaka 30-40. Panthawi imeneyi, Fedor akupitirizabe ndakatulo ndinaganiza. Mitu ya chikhalidwe ndi chikondi akugwirabe ntchito mu ntchito yake, koma alankhula zolinga olakwika. Iwo anafotokoza ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kumvera pa kulankhula, monga mwa ndakatulo pa mutu wa Haji ( "kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto ..." etc.).

3 nyengo - zaka 1850-1860. Pali kukulitsa nkhawa zolinga zomwe amatswa kaonedwe chiyembekezo ndi yowawitsa pa moyo.

Tiutchev, nthanthi mawu amene wakhala amphamvu kwambiri, anazindikira kuti ambiri a m'nthawi yake, konse akhadzudzumika, kufalitsa ntchito zawo. Woyamba gulu lalikulu la ntchito zake linasindikizidwa ndi thandizo la I. S. Gagarina mu Pushkin a "Contemporary" mu zaka 1836-37. Yotsatira buku lalikulu ndi unagwirizanitsanso ndi "Contemporary", izo zinali mu 1854, anakonza amasulidwe I. S. Turgenev. 1868 - otsiriza moyo Nsanja ya ntchito. Kachiwiri, Tiutchev atachotsedwa kukonzekera, chimene chikuchita ndi mwana wake I. S. Aksakov.

Chikhalidwe paradoxical khalidwe ndi zilandiridwenso Tiutchev

Wolembayu sanalembe mu Mitundu imene olemba kulengedwa ntchito zawo nthawi yake. Iye ankakonda prose kuposa ndakatulo. Fedor oyambirira anayamikira Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Turgenev anali fani.

Akatswiri ambiri nthanthi ndakatulo Tiutchev. The kulemba pa nkhani imeneyi walenga Mwachitsanzo, F. mizu. Mu buku la "Tiutchev. Wolemba ndakatulo-nzeru zapamwamba" potenga mawu Fedor kalata ndipo akumanga dongosolo la maganizo ake. Koma chifukwa timva chimodzimodzi yotsatira ndi zina maganizo umasemphana kotheratu. Anthu amene anadziwa Tiutchev ndi wokongola pafupi, ananena kuti anawachititsa kuthedwa nzeru (Wed mawu I. S. Aksakova, ndakatulo mpongozi, ndi mwana wamkazi Anna makalata). Umunthu Fedor yodziwika ndi duality: iye wokhumba wina, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ali oopa za tsikulo. Izo zimanyezimiritsa khalidwe la wolemba, makamaka nthanthi mutu ndi mawu Tiutchev.

Mphamvu ya chilengedwe pa chiyambi ndi mawu Tiutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich anabadwa pa Ovstug malo ili m'chigawo Bryansk, m'banja la wodzichepetsa njira makolo. Mu nyumba ya makolo ake Chifalansa. mayi ndakatulo anali achipembedzo kwambiri, choncho posachedwa aphunzira mawu chachikale chinkawavuta. Maphunziro a ndakatulo tsogolo unatsogolera S. E. Raicha mu Moscow. munthu uyu anali pulofesa ndi ndakatulo mediocre, khomo la Moscow ndakatulo gulu: Bura, Merzlyakov, Milon. Iwo amaonedwa ndakatulo abwino katswiri, ndi mawu mu lingaliro lawo - si chipatso cha ntchito mwakhama.

Fedor anayamba kulemba ndakatulo m'banda. zolengedwa oyambirira ndakatulo analengedwa Munich. Adawatumiza ku Russia, ndi lofalitsidwa mu anthologies lofalitsidwa ndi Raich. Dzina Tiutchev pamene flits mwa alakatuli zazing'ono.

Tiutchev malo mu ndondomeko mabuku

Fedor ali ngati kunja mabuku, chifukwa si a m'misasa aliyense zolembalemba, sindinkafuna nawo mu kutsutsana ndi.

Karamzin nyengo chitsutso atapereka zotsatirazi: zofufuzafufuza ndakatulo - ndakatulo-sikolala. Iwo Tiutchev a m'malo woyamba.

Mosiyana ndi nthumwi za bwalo Moscow, ankachita masewera ndakatulo amatsogolera moyo yekha, iye ndi ulesi, ndi ignoramus, Epikureya, sayenera kukhala aliyense. "Waulesi" - sadula mwambo wa munthu, mfundo atakhala pa luso la kulenga.

Fedor kaŵirikaŵiri pamodzi ndi ena Russian ndakatulo - Afanasiem Afanasevichem Fetom. Ndipo palibe mwangozi. Nthanthi lyric Fet ndi Tyutchev m'njira zambiri. Athanasius Afanasievich - impressionist, dziko lake - mdziko la zidindo yomweyo: chikununkha, zikumveka, mitundu, kuwala, kukhotera mu lina, mu lingaliro la kukhala. Tiutchev kaŵirikaŵiri chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi Baratynsky chifukwa cha generality wa nzika (nthanthi nyimbo), koma dziko lake chaperekedwa kwa wapadera, terminologichnosti, omwe si Fedor Ivanovich.

dziko Tiutchev a

Aliyense chithunzi onse a dziko Tiutchev, makamaka analengedwa ndi zolemba, makalata, kapena kusanthula cholowa chake, zojambulajambula, ndi makonzedwe. Fedor ayenera dongosolo kusamuka kwa iye. M'maso wokulitsa mawu ake ndi ziyerekezo munthawi yomweyo malingaliro angapo.

Malinga Tynianov, wolemba uyu anali wolemba ndakatulo wa yochepa mawonekedwe, mosiyana ndi akapolo anzawo akale, aphunzitsi (Trediakovskii, Bobrov). Ndipotu, Fedor zimatengera miyambo European ankalemba ndakatulo lalifupi kusankha pang'ono, makamaka yosintha izo.

Center khalidwe la ndakatulo ndi kumverera kwa kuli / sanali kukhalapo. Ndipo mu ndime, ndipo mu zolemba Fyodor Ivanovich mobwerezabwereza anabwerera ku nkhani ya fragility la moyo. dongosolo Art zachokera ndakatulo iyi Siyanitsani pamaso / pakalibe zenizeni / zachabe za danga / nthawi.

Monga taonera, Tiutchev amaopa olekanitsa. Iye amadana danga, kunena kuti "lingakanthe ife." N'chifukwa chake ndakatulo mwansangala asatambira sitima, ndi opindula danga kwa izo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo pali zambiri za ndakatulo Tiutchev odzipatulira danga. Mmodzi wa iwo - "Pobwerera", olengedwa mwa 1859. Mu ntchito iyi, wolemba ndakatulo pa nthawi yomweyo ndi ludzu moyo, ndi mphamvu ya fragility ake, ndi pa dzanja ena - kuopsa kwa chiwonongeko. Tiutchev, nthanthi nyimbo si kophweka, sanaganize moyo ndithu. Fedor akuyerekeza umunthu wake kunyumba, amene mazenera topaka choko.

Kukhala Choncho, izi wolemba - maziko a zonse. Koma m'pofunika mu nkhani iyi ndi mbali ina ya kukhalapo moyang'anana ake - kuwononga iwo wokha chitayiko (chikondi, monga kudzipha a). Pambali imeneyi ndi chidwi ndakatulo "Amapasa", mzere womalizira umene - "kudzipha ndi chikondi" - chimagwirizanitsa mfundo ziwirizi mu umodzi indivisible lonse.

Mu dziko Tiutchev a ndikofunika kukhala ndi malire: mzere, mzere ndi amawateteza, ndi kulinganiza. Kuopsa kwa chiwonongeko monga yaikulu ndi bungwe onse "denisevsky" adzizungulira, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chikondi ndi nzeru zaumunthu ndakatulo Tiutchev.

Lingaliro la "imfa" chifukwa ndakatulo ndi m'zigawozigawo kwambiri. nyimbo kwake kwa mkati ndi chikondi Tiutchev. Nthanthi lyrics, ndakatulo, anamanga kusiyana ndi, makamaka, ndi dziko lonse. Dziko la malire, overlaps. Vesi limodzi Chili onse kuwala ndi mthunzi. Ndi zina, mwachitsanzo, kwa chiyambi cha ndakatulo "Spring Water". Limanena kuti minda akadali chisanu, koma madzi kale phokoso.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti lv Pumplyansky Tiutchev ankaona nthumwi bodlerizma. Kukongola zokongoletsa a ndakatulo imfa amaonetsera "Mal'aria" (yomasulira - "zakhudzana mpweya"). Kachitidwe ka mankhwala lili zoipa ndi zabwino: a dziko wokongola (kununkhira kwa maluwa, akudzigwedeza mitsinje, wonyezimira thambo) - ndi onse m'dziko la imfa.

Tiutchev kuti Mulungu alipo - ndi akanthawi mwamsanga kwenikweni, lomwe wotsutsana chiwonongeko. M'njira imeneyi, ndi pa mzati popenyana ndi maganizo "nthawi" monga kale lonse - ndi onse akufa. Koma pali mphamvu yapadera - m'chikumbumtima (Sichangozi ndakatulo ambiri odzipereka kwa iye). Nthanthi ndakatulo ntchito Tyutchev motsimikizira kwambiri akufotokozera nkhani imeneyi.

The motif yokumbukira mu lyric Tyutchev

Pokumbukira mtima ndakatulo wa chowawa, amene amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana imperatives: "Kumbukirani" "Kumbukirani"! ndi ena. Iwo mungautsitsimule m'mbuyomu, koma izi zisakhale weniweni. Mu makalata ndakatulo iyi mobwerezabwereza za kuti sakonda kukumbukira chifukwa akuona kuti kukumbukira si weniweni. Atabwerera ku Germany kwa Russia patatha zaka makumi awiri kulibe, anakumana anzake akale, ndipo ndi kugunda kwa chidziwitso ndi kukumbukira zinali zopweteka kwambiri ndakatulo iyi.

Tiutchev kukumbukira kuti dziko wachiphamaso: iye ndi zoopsa ndi ndakatulo nthawi yomweyo (monga weniweni kale osati kwenikweni mu nthawi ino).

Chinthu Komabe, bwino anamva kulilira, nthawi phokoso. Monga moyo, imfa umayenda. Panopa, ikhoza palibe zapitazi, chifukwa - mthunzi chabe. Koma ngakhale lero angathe kuonedwa ngati mthunzi wa m'mbuyomu. Choncho, kwasanduka mthunzi weniweni. Umunthu sangaonekerenso popanda mthunzi, anati Tiutchev. Nthanthi lyrics, ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa pokhala (makamaka, "Last chiwonongeko") - uyu ndi zolinga zofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndi imfa, osati anthu, komanso padziko lonse. Tiutchev limaneneratu kuti tsiku lina adzakhala mapeto a chikhalidwe, dziko madzi chivundikiro, amene amasonyeza "nkhope ya Mulungu."

Space ndi malo mu ndakatulo iyi

Pafupi nthawi Fedor Ivanovich pali malo, koma - iyi ndi nthawi m'njira okhudza malo. Iyi ndi chidule zonse ndi kukula. Pali china - zoweta (yopingasa). Kuyenera agonjetse monga oipa, odana ndi anthu, anati Tiutchev. Nthanthi mawu kusanthula danga ndi pa dzanja ena. M'mwamba osawerengeka nthawi ndithu ayesedwa. Koma Chofunika - ndi kunsi azimuth, ngati pali - kuya kwa osawerengeka.

Malo komanso cha nzeru za ndakatulo Tiutchev ali makhalidwe yake. Malo a ndakatulo ndi bwino chotsutsana ndi mapiri ndi zigwa. Lathyathyathya danga wowopsa ndi yoipa. Ndakatulo okondwa kuti pali phiri dziko ( "Pa njira"), mutu wa musicality awo ali ndi malo apadera malo a wolemba.

Motif mu msewu ntchito Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva

Nthanthi mawu F. I. Tyutcheva zikuphatikizapo motif izi. Mu ndakatuloyi "The Anayendayenda" msewu zikuoneka, osati zophiphiritsira chabe, mu ntchito yake "Ndimakonda Service wa Lutheran" Baibulo limatinso ndi mphindi imodzi: kupeza ina ya msewu yekha.

Tiutchev kwa mitundu yonse ya misonkhano, paudindo - izi ndi moyo, ndi kupatukana - imfa. Road akuimira chisamaliro. Ngakhale kuti zikugwirizana ndi mfundo ziwirizi, koma umatilekanitsa woyamba kotero anatchulidwa mu negative.

dongosolo nzeru zaumunthu mu ntchito Tyutchev

Monga mukuonera, dziko Tiutchev ndi zovuta ndithu. Komabe, sikuti izo kochitika mwachisawawa. M'malo mwake, akuchokera zamalankhulidwe umodzi kwambiri, kuwamva monga mgwirizano ndi kuchuluka. Zimenezi zimaonekera ntchito zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatuloyi "The Anayendayenda" pali lingaliro la kulumikizika (a woyendayenda ndi Zeus) ndi umodzi wa zosiyanasiyana. World, kusamukira mlendo, ndi weniweni kwa Zeus. Muli zosiyanasiyana akuimira umodzi wa mankhwala kumene osiyanitsa m'gulu lonse. Mu mavesi ena ena, pophatikizana a Akuti zoipa, ali zizindikiro za chisoni dziko akufa. Zimene imaimira chidzalo, kulemera, nthawi yomweyo ndipo owonongedwa.

Choncho, nthanthi mawu F. I. Tyutcheva yodziwika kuti mawu zikuluzikulu ndi zina zosiyana ziyenera ndi manenedwe. Pakuti aliyense mfundo yofunika ndakatulo uyu ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. ntchito iliyonse ya Fyodor Ivanovich inamangidwa ngati maganizo kunachita mdima, osati kudula. Lingaliro angatanthauze zonse imfa ndi moyo.

ulosi

Mutuwu ndi ulosi zofunika ntchito Tiutchev a. Koma chaululidwa mwapadera. Koma izi si ulosi wa Pushkin kapena m'Baibulo wamasomphenya - ulosi wa Pythia. Pakati pa iye ndi anthu payenera kukhala mkhalapakati, mwa kulankhula kwina wansembe. Choncho imatenga malo kutsetsereka: iye ndi wansembe, Pythia. Tiutchev nthawizina zimatipatsa maulosi a kutanthauzira, koma iwo, monga wansembe, si osokoneza, si bwino. wowerenga ayenera kuganizira paokha, kutanthauzira (monga Kale).

Mtendere ndi ndakatulo

Pakuti Fedora Ivanovicha Mir - chinsinsi ndi ndakatulo - ndi chinsinsi awiri. Ndi ochimwa, chifukwa, monga wolemba, amawonjezera dziko uchimo. The chithunzi zingathe kuthetsedwa, koma ayenera kuchita. Zenizeni a ndakatulo iyi - ndi chizindikiro (ie mwapadera kutanthauziridwa), osati zilembo (Mipikisano phindu). Ngakhale tisaiwale ndi multiplicity ya makhalidwe abwino. Tiutchev amaganiza kuti dziko palokha ali chinsinsi, izo ziri ndi tanthauzo, mtengo. World wina anandifunsa. Koma ndani? Tengani Tiutchev ndakatulo "Osati kuti crease inu, chikhalidwe ...". Munthu aliyense angathe kuona kuti m'chilengedwe pali moyo wake. dziko amalankhula kwa ife, koma osati onse bwinobwino. Genesis - Mawu olankhulidwa ndi munthu wina. Ndipo anthu sangathe kumvetsa chinenero wakumwamba, ndi kukhala wogontha (. "Nature - masinfikisi ...", wolembedwa mu 1869, ndi ena).

Nthanthi ndakatulo Tiutchev anali mwachidule kuwunikira m'nkhani ino. Polemba anali ntchito kuzipenya Yuriya Lotmana - amadziwika zolembalemba wotsutsa. Inu angatanthauze ntchito zake ndi yothandiza chidziwitso chawo, ndipo anati zina mwa zinthu zina nzeru zaumunthu ndakatulo Tiutchev, osati m'nkhani ino. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zina phunziro la zilandiridwenso Fedor, monga buku Irina Ilinichny Kovtunova "Essays pa ndakatulo Chirasha", kumene mungapeze mutu pa zilandiridwenso Tiutchev. Kapena amanena za kufalitsidwa mu 1962 buku lakuti "Moyo ndi ntchito ya Tiutchev" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Kirill Vasilyevich Pigareva. Ife tayesera, ngakhale mwachidule koma momveka ngati n'kotheka pounikira nkhani anapatsidwa.