Polish mtsogoleri wa asilikali ndi wandale Sikorskiy Vladislav: yonena, zikayenda bwino ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Pole Wladyslaw Sikorski anakhala zikomo wotchuka ku nawo pomenyera ufulu wa dziko pa First World nkhondo. Iye anatha kuphatikiza usilikali ndi waluso ntchito ndale. Pambuyo ntchito ya Poland ndi Chachitatu Ulamuliro wa Nazi Sikorski anakhala wapampando wa ukapolo boma-mu-. Iye anafa pa ngozi, ndi zinthu zake kukhala kuswana pansi pa kuchuluka kwa chiphunzitso chiwembu.

zaka zoyambirira

Tsogolo Polish wandale komanso mtsogoleri wa asilikali Sikorskiy Vladislav anabadwa May 20, 1881 mu gmina tuszów narodowy - m'mudzi wina waung'ono wotchedwa Galicia. Ndiye, dera a Austria-Hungary, koma anthu ake anali makamaka Asilavo. The mnyamata maphunziro a sekondale ku Lviv (Lemberg) ndipo ndinalembetsa m'dera Polytechnic Institute. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Poland unagawidwa pakati Russia ndi Habsburg Ufumu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Sikorskiy Vladislav anakhala ophunzira mwakhama kayendedwe dziko. Mu Lviv, iye anali nawo chilengedwe cha mabungwe Polish kumasulidwa.

Mu 1908, mnyamata wina analoŵa kulimbana yogwira motsutsana Union. The Polish paramilitary bungwe "Sagittarius", anali osankhidwa tcheyamani. Pamene wina wotchedwa Galicia mwakula maganizo odana Austria, Europe amatipeza akuyandikira First World nkhondo. Mu 1914, zigawenga Chisebiya anaponya Austria wolowa Franz Ferdinand. Zimene zinachitikazi chifukwa nkhondo amene amagwidwa lonse Old World. Austria-Hungary ndi Russia akuikidwa pa mbali zosiyana za okwatiranawo lapansi. The Zitsulo, amene m'mayiko anagawanika pakati mphamvu awiri kukonzekera nkhondo ufulu wodzilamulira. Sikorskiy Vladislav anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri ambiri yogwira kayendedwe kumasulidwa.

Pomenyera ufulu

Pambuyo amanyansidwa zinalephereka wa Russian asilikali East Prussia, ku Central Mphamvu wotanganidwa zigawo kumadzulo amene anali Russia. Mwa mayiko amenewa unali Ufumu wa Poland - Polish kudziyimira pawokha mu ufumu wake.

Mu 1916, Sikorskiy Vladislav adakhala othandiza la Germany ndi Austria-Hungary, anayamba kukwiyira kwa chilengedwe cha mtundu boma ndi thandizo la ku Central Luntha. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti mkulu analimbana ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko Yuzefom Pilsudskim, amene ankakhulupirira kuti Poland ayenera kupewa zothandizira mipingo yawo mwa anansi ake.

Mu mgwirizano ndi Germany

Komabe, mu 1916 ntchito ya Sikorski kwenikweni akuyendera. November 5 yosainidwa kuchitako, malinga ndi zomwe Germany ndi Austria-Hungary anazindikira Ufumu yatsopano ya Poland. boma anali Kanema wa anansi ake amphamvu.

The Germany sankasamala za ufulu Polish, iwo okha ankafuna tipezekemo thandizo la Zitsulo ndi Russia. Koma pamene Władysław Sikorski anakhalabe kutsatira za Germany ndi Austria, poganiza kuti akuthandizeni kukhazikitsidwa kwa zimachitika palokha. Mu 1916-1918 gg. mkulu ankachita nawo kuti Zitsulo alemba ntchito mu gulu lankhondo la ku Central Luntha.

The watsopano Polish asilikali

November 11, 1918, ku Warsaw, ndi ankhondo Polish disarmed kaboma German. Germany anali atangomwalira Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, ndiye ulimi kuyamba. Izi zikachitika, mu Poland German zothandizira mipingo yawo sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa zivute zitani. Patapita masiku angapo M'nkhani ya pamwamba mu Warsaw anabwera Jozef Pilsudski, amene anali mtsogoleri wa boma. Komanso mu November, Wladyslaw Sikorski anasankhidwa mkulu wa ndodo ya asilikali wotchedwa Galicia.

Ngakhale First World nkhondo itatha, Poland anali koma kukwaniritsa isanayambike mtendere m'gawo lake. Kuopseza dziko linali Soviet Russia. The Bolsheviks, kukhazikitsa mphamvu yake pa bwinja la ufumu anakomoka, ankaona Poland monga chifukwa awo. Nkhondo ya pakati anansi inayamba mu January 1919. Lenin wosasamala msonkhano monga siteji koyamba za dziko proletarian zisinthe. Pang'onopang'ono, pambuyo zotsatizana kulephera magulu yoyera amadzibisa yosiyana, Red Army anaikira kumadzulo malangizo mphamvu zake zonse.

motsutsa Bolsheviks

Chiyambireni cha nkhondo Soviet Russia ndi Polish mtsogoleri wa asilikali ndi wandale Sikorskiy Vladislav anapita Polesskii lankhondo, kumene anakhala mtsogoleri. Iye ankayenera kuti bungwe ankhondo kuchokera zikande. asilikali Polish analibe malo umodzi ulamuliro, ndi kapangidwe bwino. Reforge mongodzipereka Corps mu boma yachibadwa asilikali akadali analibe nthawi. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Poland kuyamba kwenikweni ndi manja.

Ndipo komabe, pambuyo zinaonekeratu kuti Bolsheviks ndi owononga, asilikali mofulumira bungwe m'chinyumba ichi. Amathandiza kwambiri kuti kupambana umenewu lapangitsa Wladyslaw Sikorski. The yonena za munthu uyu - chitsanzo omveka za mbiri ya mtsogoleri wa asilikali, kuyesa dzanja lake zosiyanasiyana ubongo ku likulu ndi munda ntchito. N'zosadabwitsa kuti m'dziko latsopano boma utsogoleri ankaona n'koyenera kupatsa iye ndi wozengereza ntchito zingapo.

Kiev opareshoni

Sikorski anaikidwa ku Gulu "Polesie" makamu August 1919. Kwa nthawi yaitali mbali ake anali pafupi ndi Minsk. Kenako anatengedwa Mozyr. Red Army nthaŵi zinayi anayesa kumvanso kumudzi, koma sizinathandize. Mu April 1920, mkulu wa asilikali nawo nagonjetsa cha machitidwe Kiev kugwila likulu Chiyukireniya kulamulidwa ndi Bolsheviks. kuukira kunachitika mu malo malire Olevsk kuti Mozyr. Mu ntchito iyi, Zitsulo anathandiza 15000th asilikali a Simona Petlyury.

April 28 Woodland gulu la asilikali Polish anali pa mzere Vinnitsa - Kazatin - Chernobyl. Tsiku lotsatira iye anayenda makilomita wina 90, anali mu mzinda wa Kiev. Kwa njira iyi Zitsulo sanali kukumana wotsutsa aliyense. Soviet asilikali Sergei Mezheninov anachoka ndi asilikali ake, chifukwa choopa atasemphana mwachindunji ndi mdani amene analandira sitiroko.

Sikorski (Sikorski) Vladislav, pamodzi ndi anzake anapita ku Kiev, May 8, 1920. Komabe, kupambana izi zosakhalitsa. Kale pa May 14 Red Army molamulidwa ndi "chiwanda wa Civil nkhondo" Mihaila Tuhachevskogo anayamba counteroffensive, chifukwa cha zimene Zitsulo anayenera mopupuluma abwerere. June 5 kutsogolo linathyoka. 12 wa Red Army analowa Kiev. August 6 Gulu "Polesie" unatha. Sikorski anatenga lamulo la Army 5.

Warsaw opareshoni

Tukhachevsky potsimikizira-kuukira anakankha Zitsulo kuti abwerere. Gulu lankhondo la asilikali zapita tauni yatsopanoyo. Mu mtsinje anali gawo analamula mwachindunji Sikorski Vladislav. Commander Komabe, kodi kujambula manja ndipo akukonzekera nkhondo zoopsa ndi Bolsheviks.

Panthawi yofunika pamene magazi unaturuka kale pafupi ndi Warsaw, Army wake 5 anaimitsa mdani kumpoto kwa likulu. Tukhachevsky mphamvu kwambiri anatambasula ndi mosavuta kuukira Poland. asilikali Sikorski anatenga mwayi umenewu ndi kuthyola kagulu ka Bolsheviks, ndi anasamukira makilomita angapo. Usiku zikuluzikulu imagwera pa August 15 kuti amuthandize kubwera magawano molamulidwa ndi Lyutsiana Zheligovskogo.

kupambana Izi walola mu-Chief Yuzefu Pilsudskomu kukonzekera bwino mu adziwitse potsimikizira-kuukira imene inali kuchotsa Poland za "mliri wofiira". chopereka Sikorski kuti apulumutse Poland anali yaikulu. Iye anali kupereka kwambiri wolemekezeka dziko lamulo la asilikali - "Pakuti olimba mtima ankhondo". Mu April 1921, iye anasiyira ndi Pilsudski mu-Chief wa asilikali ndi mutu wa General Wogwila.

zaka mtendere

Ndi isanayambike World Sikorski adalowa ndale. Mu December 1922 - May 1923. Iye anali nduna yaikulu ndiponso pa nthawi yomweyo anatumikira monga nduna ya za M'dziko. Boma kutsogoleredwa ndi Sikorski anakhoza kupeza kuchokera kuzindikira Western ya malire pambuyo kuwina nkhondo yolimbana ndi USSR. Kuti Poland anali linalanda kumadzulo Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi dera.

Popeza 1928, Sikorsky ankakhala ku ukapolo ku France. Ulendo chifukwa chakuti mfundo ndi mmodzi wa otsutsa kwambiri amapilira wa ndiye boma. Zaka zingapo ku usilikali French sanali kungokhulupirira - analowa Apamwamba usilikali School. Premonition Musanyengedwe Sikorski. Mtendere ku Ulaya anali sakhalitsa.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Pamene Hitler Germany mu 1939, atalanda Poland, amene ankakhala ku Władysław Sikorski anayesa kuti ndi utsogoleri wa dziko la komwe kutsogolo. Zimenezi anabwera kanthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu France anayamba mapangidwe asilikali Polish mu ukapolo. Zimenezi mu Paris ndipo anali mtsogoleri wa Sikorskiy Vladislav. Pole anachita zonse zimene akanatha mpaka dziko lake mwamsanga akuyandikira kugonja.

Patangopita mwezi nkhondo anayamba Sikorski anakhala nduna yaikulu mu ukapolo boma-mu-. Motsogozedwa wake, 84000th Polish asilikali analengedwa mu France. Pamene Republic Chachitatu anayamba kuzunzidwa ndi dziko la Germany, Sikorsky asilikali anayesa kuletsa wankhanza. Akadzagonjetsedwa France ndi boma ku Poland, ndipo zotsala za asilikali ake anathawira ku England.

Pamene Germany anaukira USSR, Sikorski anapita resumption ubale zamtendere ndi Soviet Union. Normalization ubale sunakhalitse. Posachedwapa Germany, amene wotanganidwa imodzi ya gawo lawo Soviet, anamasulidwa zokhudza kuphedwa Katyn. Uthenga wa chiwawa mwankhanza alonda NKVD akaidi Polish a nkhondo zinachititsa kuti yopuma wina. Sikorski, anayesetsa Churchill kusiya mogwirizana ndi USSR. Patapita milungu ingapo, July 4, 1943, Nduna mu ukapolo pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamkazi anaphedwa pa ngozi ndege pafupi Gibraltar. Mwadzidzidzi imfa inali poyambira yomaliza malamulo moyo. Monga kusintha ndi wodzala ankasinthana lakuthwa anali onse a moyo wake. Vladislav Sikorsky ndi imfa wake chifukwa kwambiri pa mlanduwo. Polak anaikidwa m'manda mu England pamaso pa Churchill. Phulusa la ngwazi yadziko anasamutsidwa kwawo mu 1993.