Nthunzi chiyani? Kodi ndondomeko ya evaporation?

Dziko lonse - ndi inakula chamoyo, imene onse a ndondomeko ndi zochitika za zamoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo sizichitika basi monga choncho. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ngakhale ang'onoang'ono phukusi anthu kusintha kwambiri. Ngakhale, anthu kuiwala kuti, nayenso, ndi mbali yofunika ya dziko. Mogwirizana ndi kusintha zikuchitika mu umunthu wonse.

Onse njira ya moyo ndi zochitika zachilengedwe anayamba kuphunzitsa ana kale ku sukulu, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika. Monga mukudziwa, nkhani ya "evaporation" (kalasi 8) akuphunziridwa mu chimango cha sekondale sukulu, pamene ophunzira okonzeka kuganizira mavuto.

Monga evaporation limapezeka

Aliyense akudziwa kuti evaporation amenewa. zodabwitsazi ndi kutembenuka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana boma la nthunzi kapena gasi. Amadziwika kuti ndondomeko udzachitika pa kutentha abwino.

Childs, m'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, zinthu zambiri (onse olimba ndi madzi) nkomwe asanduke nthunzi kapena kutero pang'onopang'ono. Koma pali zitsanzo za Mwachitsanzo, camphor ndi zakumwa kwambiri kuti vaporize pa yachibadwa mofulumira kwambiri. Choncho, iwo amatchedwa oyaka. ndondomeko Tingaone kudzera fungo, T. K. thupi ambiri poizoni.

The evaporation madzi (madzi, mowa) mukhoza kutsata ndi kuona ake kwa nthawi yaitali. Kenako akuyamba kuchepetsa voliyumu ya thunthu.

Maziko a moyo Padziko Lapansi

Amadziwika kuti madzi - mbali ya kukhalapo kwa dziko. Popanda kukhala kosatheka ayi, T. Kwa. Zonse zamoyo ndi madzi 75%.

Izi pawiri makamaka amene katundu imachita. Ndipo kokha chifukwa cha anomalies wa zodabwitsazi ayenera kukhala m'njira tsopano alipo pa dziko.

Anthu anali ndi chidwi chozizwitsa kuchokera kalelo. More nzeru zapamwamba Aristotle mu IV m'ma BC, ananena kuti madzi - ndi chiyambi cha zonse. Mu XVII m'ma Dutch makina sayansi, masamu, ndi zakuthambo zatsopano analimbikitsa kukhazikitsa ndi Huygens koefishienti otentha madzi ndi oundana thawing mlingo waukulu thermometer lonse. Koma kodi evaporation wa anthu aphunzira patapita nthawi yaitali. Mu 1783, French wasayansi ndi woyambitsa wa umagwirira ano Lavoisier chinaonekeranso chilinganizo - H2O.

katundu madzi

Khalidwe lina zodabwitsa za nkhaniyi - luso H2O kulibe m'madera atatu osiyana m'mikhalidwe zachilendo:

• mu olimba (ayezi);
• flowable;
• gaseous (madzi evaporation).

Komanso, osalimba a madzi ndi mkulu poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina, komanso kutentha kwa vaporization ndi lalikulu zobisika kutentha maphatikizidwe (kuchuluka kwa kutentha odzipereka kapena kumasulidwa).

Pa H2O pali khalidwe lina - luso zosiyanasiyana kachulukidwe ake kusintha kuchokera zizindikiro thermometer. Ndipo chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti ngati ndalama zimenezi sizinali, ayezi sankatha kusambira, ndi nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja kuti amaundana zonse pansi. Ndiye moyo padziko lapansi kulibe, chifukwa woyamba chitetezo amatunga tizilombo.

H2O mkombero m'chilengedwe

Kodi ndondomeko imeneyi? kufalitsidwa ndi ndondomeko mosalekeza, mwachitsanzo. A. Mu dziko, chirichonse chiri cholukanalukana. Mothandizidwa ndi mkombero, mikhalidwe chifukwa kuli ndi chitukuko cha moyo. Kumachitika pakati pa matupi a madzi dziko, ndi mlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mitambo adzawombana ndi ozizira mpweya ndi m'malovu lalikulu, kenako kugwa kupanga m'dambo. Ndiye ndondomeko evaporation imene dzuwa likamatenthetsa pansi ndege, malo, ndi madzi limatulukira mu mlengalenga.

Zomera akutenga chinyezi kuchokera nthaka ndi madzi akufalitsa padziko masamba. Ndondomeko amatchedwa transpiration ndipo ndi ndondomeko thupi ndi kwachilengedwenso.

M'mlengalenga, zimalimbikitsa nthunzi ndipo ili pafupi ndi nthaka, ndiye anapanga mbandakucha kwambiri ayamba kusuntha upwardly. Ting'onoting'ono madzi m'malovu mu mlengalenga ndi kuchepetsedwa alionse atatu kapena anai.

Evaporation kumachitika chifukwa adzizungulira, ndipo ndi chigawo chimodzi chofunika mu makope H2O mu Nature. Zimenezi ndi kutembenuza madzi kuchokera kumkhalidwe madzi kapena olimba mu mpweya ndi chikuonetseratu nthunzi kufikako maso mu mlengalenga.

Evaporation ndi evaporation

Ndipo kusiyana malingaliro a "osakhalitsa" ndi "evaporation"? Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane woyamba yaitali. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha madera nyengo, zomwe chimasonyeza kuti madzi kwambiri chamunthuyo pamwamba kuti pazipita lapansi. Popeza kuti madera lonyowa ngati G. N. Vysotsky zolemba imakhala ya mpweya chiŵerengero kuti osakhalitsa, ndi chizindikiro chifungulo cha nyengo.

Palinso kudalira ena: ngati osakhalitsa zochepa, lonyowa yaitali. The ndondomeko akufotokozedwa pano zachokera mpweya chinyezi, mphepo liwiro ndi zimatengera kwa iwo.

nthunzi chiyani? zodabwitsazi, lomwe limapezeka pa kutembenuka kwa zinthu madzi mu gawo makamaka mu nthunzi kapena gasi. Zotsatira n'zosiyana njira iyi akutchedwa condensation. Ngati ife tikufanizira zochitika ziwirizi, mosavuta chimatanthauza kupezeka kwa evaporation ka madzi kapena ayezi.

evaporation ndondomeko: zikhalidwe

Mu mlengalenga, pali nthawi inayake kuchuluka kwa H2O mamolekyulu. mlingo izi mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi zinthu zina ndipo amatchedwa chinyezi. chiŵerengero ichi, chimene amaona kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga. Malinga izi, malo osiyanasiyana nyengo. Chinyezi ali paliponse. Pali mitundu iwiri ya izo:

1. Mtheradi - chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu madzi mita kiyubiki wina wa mpweya.
2. Wachibale - kuchuluka nthunzi kwa mlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chinyezi ndi 100%, kutanthauza m'mlengalenga kwathunthu ladzala ndi particles madzi.

The apamwamba a evaporation kutentha, ndi apamwamba a H2O mamolekyulu munali mu mlengalenga. Choncho, ngati chinyezi wachibale kutentha kwa tsiku adzakhala 90%, ndiye chizindikiro kuti mkhalidwe uli wonse m'malovu chabwino kwambiri.

makamaka

Mwachitsanzo, mu chipinda kumene chinyezi mkulu, madzi ubwenzi mmenemo, sadzakhala asanduke nthunzi konse. Ngakhale ngati mpweya ndi youma, nthunzi machulukitsidwe ndondomeko adzakhala mosalekeza bola ngati iye potsiriza lodzala. Ngati mwadzidzidzi kuzirala nthunzi mpweya ndi madzi amene anali zimalimbikitsa pamaso izo volatilize osaima ndi kukhazikika mu mawonekedwe a mame. Koma mu nkhani ya Kutentha mpweya umene mokwanira wasambitsa, ndondomeko machulukitsidwe tikupitiriza.

The apamwamba a T °, ndi evaporation amapezeka mofulumira, komanso kumawonjezera otchedwa nthunzi mavuto amene danga ladzala. Kuwira amapezeka mu chikhalidwe kumene nthunzi kuthamanga ndi wofanana ndi elasticity mpweya ndi lozungulira madzi. Kuwira mfundo imasiyana malingana ndi kuthamanga mpweya mozungulira ndi nikula koposa pamene likutuluka.

Kodi kusala ndi evaporation

Monga amadziwika, madzi mu ndondomeko nthunzi kutembenuka mwachindunji zokhudzana kuli zakumwa. Choncho, Tiyeni tifupikitse kuti zodabwitsazi nkofunika kwambiri kwa chilengedwe ndi mafakitale.

Mu ndondomeko ya kafukufuku amaona evaporation mlingo anapezeka. Komanso, akadziwa zinthu za m'munsili izo. Koma iwo kuyang'ana zotsutsana kwambiri kwa nthawi pano ndipo komabe si bwino ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

Onani kuti mlingo wa evaporation kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Akhoza kudwala:

• kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chidebe;
• Pogoda mmene chilengedwe;
• T ° zakumwa;
• mumlengalenga kuthamanga;
• zikuchokera ndi chiyambi cha dongosolo madzi;
• chikhalidwe cha pamwamba komwe evaporation chikuchitika;
• Zifukwa zina, monga electrification a madzi.

Apanso pa madzi

Evaporation ikuchitika kulikonse kumene madzi: nyanja mchere, zinthu yonyowa, chimakwirira matupi a anthu ndi nyama, masamba ndi mitengo ya mbewuzo.

Mwachitsanzo, mpendadzuwa pa moyo wawo Short mpweya chinyezi pa mlingo wa malita 100. Ndi nyanja za padziko lathuli linatulutsidwa pa 450.000 kiyubiki mamita wa madzi pa chaka.

Madzi evaporation Kutentha uliwonse. Koma pamene izo zifika otentha, madzimadzi ndondomeko kutengerapo ndi inapita patsogolo. Onani kuti pa kutentha kwa puddles yotentha padziko uphwetsa zambiri mofulumira kuposa m'chaka kapena kugwa. Ndipo ngati msewu ndi mphepo, ndiye, motero, intensively evaporation chimaposa kuposa zinthu kumene mpweya uli bata. Mundawu komanso ndi chipale chofewa ndi matalala. Ngati inu mpokolowekapo zovala kuti ziume kunja m'nyengo yozizira, adzakhala amaundana poyamba, ndiyeno masiku ochepa kuti ziume.

Madzi evaporation kutentha kwa 100 ° C ndi kuvutitsidwa kwambiri chinthu, mmene dzina lake ndondomeko amakwaniritsa bwino. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwira kumachitika pamene madzi akutembenukira kwambiri awiriawiri - ndi mandala, mpweya wosaoneka.

Ngati tiyang'ana pa pansi maso, ndiye imakhala mamolekyulu umodzi wa H2O, zomwe zili kutali Chrixitu. Koma pamene mpweya utakhazikika, madzi nthunzi kumaoneka Mwachitsanzo ngati nkhungu kapena mame. Mu mlengalenga, ndondomeko izi zingaoneke kudzera mitambo kuti awonekere chifukwa kutembenuka m'malovu madzi mu timibulu kuonekera ayezi.

chikhalidwe Kafukufuku

Choncho, kodi evaporation, tapeza kunja. Tsopano tiona mfundo imene umakhudza kutentha mpweya. Choncho, mu masiku apamwamba chiwerengero mita kiyubiki madzi anatembenukira kwa nthunzi pofika masana. Komanso, ndondomeko iyi kwambiri kwambiri miyezi yotentha. Wamphamvu chaka pa evaporation mkombero zimawonedwa pakati pa dzinja, pamene anafooka amapita ku yozizira.

Munthu aliyense ali ndi udindo kwa chilengedwe. Kumvetsa chiweruzo ichi, m'pofunika kumvetsa aziwerenga yosavuta. Taganizirani zimene munthu amanena za kuthedwa nzeru zawo poyerekezera ndi kupewa masoka zachilengedwe ndi kukhulupirira Iye sangakhoze kuchita kanthu. Koma ngati inu kuchulukitsa wina amene kwenikweni munthu biliyoni 6.5. Anthu pansi, zimaonekeratu, n'chifukwa chiyani maganizo amenewa.