Kodi kuphunzira sayansi zachuma? Chikhazikitso cha ganizo la sayansi zachuma

Akatswiri kuyesera kuyankha funsoli bwinobwino sayansi ya zachuma, za m'nthawi XVIII. Zinali ndiye kuti prerequisites onse atsopano obadwa mwambo umene kuti kuphunzira zimayambitsa patsogolo anthu. Chibwenzi Kafukufuku awa kwaiye maganizo osiyanasiyana ndi ziphunzitso.

Zikamera wa zachuma

Kupanga katundu ndi kufalitsa katundu - chimenecho ndiye kuphunzira sayansi zachuma. Chinthu kufufuza anaonekera pa chiyambi cha anthu, pamodzi ndi malonda. Komabe, kwa XVIII m'ma sayansi chuma m'njira zamakono kulibe, ngakhale ngakhale ndiye zinachitikadi zachuma.

Yojambula kwa chidziwitso ongolankhula wa zifukwa patsogolo ena ndi impoverishment ena chinachitika mu 1776, pamene bukhu linasindikizidwa Adam Smith "Kufufuza mu Nature ndi Zoyambitsa wa Chuma of Nations." English wasayansi woyamba akufuna ena kulungamitsidwa ongolankhula musiyane malonda, kupanga ndi ndalama. Iye wakhala wolankhulira ndi systematizer malingaliro amene akhala analenjekeka mu mlengalenga. Kumene, zoyambira za sayansi zachuma akhala kudziwika kwa amalonda onse aluso ndi bwino kale Zapakati. Koma Adam Smith anapereka nzeru ili la sayansi. Ndi pores ake onse kuti amasanthula sayansi ya zachuma, anali kuphunzira mwa prism ntchito za wotchuka England.

mafunso ofunika zachuma

The vuto lalikulu la chuma kwagona kuti munthu ali ndi zosoŵa malire, pamene ozungulira zinthu zake sali wopandamalire. Chifukwa cha kutsutsana ichi, pali zingapo kukanikiza. Similar mavuto - izi ndi zimene akuphunzira sayansi zachuma.

Apa ndi ena mwa mafunso zazikulu zimene Iye ayankha kuti: chopanga bwino ikuchitika njira zimene ndi bwino kuti ntchito zizichitidwa, amene achite ntchito, kodi zotsatira zake, etc. Onsewa mavuto a zachuma zokhudzana ndi zochepa .. kuchuluka kwa chuma, zomwe mwina kuyitanitsa munthu.

vuto kupanga

Munthu akhoza kulenga yekha kuchuluka kwa katundu kuti amalola kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zilipo. The bwino njira kupanga chiri chimodzimodzi chimene ophunzira a sayansi yamakono zachuma. Ndi kuphatikiza ufulu chuma ndi aluso mankhwala munthu akhoza kupeza zotsatira pazipita, motero phindu lalikulu.

Pakuti chiphunzitso zachuma gulu lililonse gwero lofunika. Iwo akhoza kukhala zachilengedwe. Awa ndi chuma amene anatuluka chifukwa chikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo, nkhuni, madzi, aliyense mbewu). Pa nthawi yomweyo, munthu anali wokhoza kukwaniritsa banjalo chifukwa chakuti zimene waphunzira kubala zida yokumba kuti atsogolere ntchito yake. Izi ndi gwero Gulu lachiwiri. Mwachitsanzo, iwo monga chochekera, misomali ndi zina zotero .. Mu chiphunzitso zachuma, chuma yokumba ali amatchedwanso likulu.

Labor ndi Capital

chinthu chinanso n'kofunika ntchito. Ndi mndandanda wa ntchito yonse ozindikira ndipo thupi la anthu. zachilengedwe sanathe kuthandiza munthu ngati sadaphunzire mmene angadzigwiritsire ntchito izo. Izi zinali Zimatheka chifukwa cha ntchito za mibadwo yambiri. Zaka mitundu zaka anthu ankagwira ntchito mwakhama, kuphunzira ndi kuthetsa dziko.

Opambana kwambiri ndi zothandiza osakaniza zachilengedwe, ntchito ndi likulu ndi zimene akuphunzira zachuma ndi sayansi. Pakuti ofufuza m'dera limeneli n'kofunika kupeza Chinsinsi zothandiza kwambiri zochita za anthu, mwachitsanzo. E. Kodi nthawi ndi chuma zochepa ndipo motero tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino.

madera zachuma

Pali ofanana amalanga angapo sayansi zomwe, njira imodzi kapena wina, zikuoneka chuma. Amaphunzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu kudzera prism wa yopanga katundu. Imodzi mwa nkhani zimenezi ndi chuma madera. Mawu amenewa anadziwana ndi Russian wasayansi Mihailom Lomonosovym mu 1751.

Koma kuti amasanthula sayansi ndi madera zachuma? ndi zinthu za phunziro lanji? madera Economic chimakwirira bungwe la ntchito zachuma cha anthu molingana ndi mfundo malo. Izi ndi zothandiza ndiponso zofunika sayansi. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa njira yabwino kwambiri kuwononga zinthu ndi kutulutsa katundu m'dera yeniyeni. dziko ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Kodi pali wina njira ya ulimi, modes zina za ulimi adzakhala opanda pake. madera Economic chofunika basi kudziwa zimene kuphatikiza ntchito ndi likulu adzakhala mogwira dera kuphunzira.

njira yopanga

china chilichonse akhoza kupangidwa mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto yomweyo akupezeka pa conveyor yaikulu fakitale ndi kachitidwe makina msonkhano, komanso kampani ang'ono ndi ndodo yaing'ono. Chikhazikitso cha zachuma chofunika Kuti tiyankhe funso limene modes izi kupanga adzakhala opindulitsa kwambiri ndipo imayenera.

Iwo ayenera kukhala zochepa chuma zotheka, khama ndi nthawi. Ndicho chifukwa muyenera kuphunzira ndizosowa zachuma - kudziwa njira yomwe kupanga adzakhala kusankha kwabwino kuti mlimi. The akatswiri sindigwiritsa ntchito formulations yosokoneza. Mu zachuma, pali chilinganizo bwino Mwachangu zachuma, sipangakhalenso masamu ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zilipo ndi makhalidwe ena ofunika.

Chigawo cha ntchito

sayansi Economic anaika kampani ochepa mafunso ofunika kwambiri. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu pakati pawo ndi mtsutso za gulu la ntchito. Iye anagona mu amanena kuti munthu aliyense ayenera kuthana ndi vuto limene ndi katswiri woona.

World sayansi zachuma kumasintha nthano zimene munthu wogwira ntchito limodzi angathe kukhala katswiri wa konsekonse. Mlimi sadzakhala kukonza tsiku ndi madzulo musati kachiwiri zimagawidwa m'magulu wolemba ndakatulo. Choncho, chuma pa nthawi anakhala ambiri odzipereka amachirikiza ndi kulimbikitsa maphunziro akatswiri kuti achichepere mu maphunziro apamwamba. Kuti mayunivesite akuthandiza anthu bwino kugawira anthu mu niches otchuka. Lingaliro la zachuma zikuphatikizapo ziphunzitso zambiri zokhudza gulu moyenera ntchito.

chuma cha

sayansi Economic n'kofunika komanso kuti yeniyeni kudziwa bwino kugawa katundu opangidwa ndi anthu. Phindu anasonkhanitsa sangakhale mu manja omwewo. Iwo zimafala pakati pa anthu amene angakwanitse iwo. Chida cha ndondomekoyi ndi ntchito.

Zikomo kugula ndi kugulitsa katundu kugwa m'manja latsopano. Ndi njira yachibadwa ya zochitika. Komabe, chiphunzitso chuma chimasonyeza bwino kugawa chuma cha anthu a anthu (mzinda, dziko, chigawo). Ofufuza ndi asayansi kwa zaka ndayesera kukhala dongosolo kuti adzalola kuti tikwaniritse kufala kwambiri kokwanila likulu. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula motere katundu ndi bwino kuti aliyense, ndipo pamene ena palibe zochuluka, pamene ena - kupanda phindu.