Nyumba yaitali ku New York City ndi chiyani?

Mpaka pano, kukula kwa zomangamanga kuli kodabwitsa. Nyumba zamakono m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kukula kwake ndi kukula kwa kutalika kwake, kumadzimira m'mitambo. Koma malo oyamba padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kukwera kwamakono akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi New York. Uyu ndi mzinda wokondweretsa kwambiri, ulendo umene mungathe kuganizira mosakwanira, ngati simukupita kukaona malo amodzi. Nyumba zambiri zapamwamba ku New York zili ndi nsanja zapadera zomwe zili pamwamba kapena padenga. Mwachiwonekere, nyumbazi zimapereka chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha mzinda ndi malo ake. Kodi nyumba yaikulu kwambiri ku New York ndi yotani? Mudzaphunzira za izi mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Zithunzi za zojambulazi zikupezekanso.

Kuyambira kumanga

New York ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yambirimbiri ku United States. Komabe, patatsala nthawi yaitali kuti alandire mutuwu, mpikisano weniweni wa zomangamanga unayamba apa. Kwa kanthawi mzindawu unalephera kuchita nawo mpikisano wosazolowerekawu, womwe umakhudzana ndi tsoka la pa September 11, 2001, pamene magulu a zigawenga adawononga nyumba zazitali kwambiri ku New York - Nyumba Zachiwiri za Padziko Lonse la Zamalonda. Kwa kanthawi, nyumba yomangamanga inaimitsidwa, ndipo mtengo wamtengo wapataliwo unasamutsira ku mayiko achiarabu ndi China. Masiku ano zinthu zimayamba kusintha mwachindunji: Nyumba zomangamanga zambiri zinamangidwa pambuyo pa 2014, pomwe mzindawu unamanga nyumba yopamwamba kwambiri yomanga nyumba padziko lapansi. Monga lamulo, nyumba zapamwamba zimakhala ndi malo ogula, mahotela, maofesi ndi mabungwe omwewo.

Choncho, nkhani yomanga nyumba zazitali ku New York imayamba mu 1890, pamene kumangidwa kwa mamita 106 "New York World Building" kunatsirizidwa mumzindawu. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ichi sichinali choyamba chokwera mumzindawu, koma ndi amene adagonjetsa Mpingo wa Utatu mu msinkhu wake, womwe udakwera mamita 87 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kwa nthawi yaitali, "Bilingani ya World" inakhala nyumba yayitali kwambiri mzindawo. M'chaka cha 1899 pokha panali kumanga kwina. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti panopa nyumbayi siilipo, chifukwa mu 1955 inagwetsedwa kuti ikule ku Bridge Bridge.

Pambuyo pake, mzindawo unayamba kumangidwa kwakukulu, ndipo kale kwambiri kuposa m'madera ena a dziko lapansi. Kuyambira mu 1980, nyumba 11 zapamwamba padziko lonse zidamangidwa pano. Kuchokera mu 1910 mpaka 1930, 16 "zojambula misika" "zinakula, nyumba zokwana 82 zinamangidwa kuyambira 1890 mpaka lero. "State State Biling", "TrampBilding", "Woolvor Building", komanso "Crysis Building" inapezeka ndendende pa nthawiyi. Nyumba iliyonseyi kwa nthawi yaitali inakhala malo apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Woyamba wa iwo anali kutsogolera kwa zaka pafupifupi 40.

Nyumba yayitali kwambiri mzindawo

Ulendo wachiwiri womanga unayamba m'ma 1960. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nyumba zokwana 70 zokhala ndi mamita oposa 183 zinamangidwa. Kodi nyumba yaikulu kwambiri ku New York ndi yotani? Imodzi mwa izi inali nsanja za World Trade Center. Nyumba yosanja ya kumpoto inali yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse kuyambira 1972 mpaka 1973, ndipo mu mzinda - mpaka 2001. Nyumba zonse zisanu ndi imodzi za World Trade Center yotchuka kwambiri zinawonongedwa panthawi ya chigawenga mu 2001.

Kodi nyumba yaikulu kwambiri ku New York ndi iti? Pakalipano, World Trade Center 1 imayima pa malo oyamba pamtunda , kumangidwe pamalo owonongeka. Kutalika kwa nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York kunali mamita 541. Anachoka ku "Willis Tower" kuchokera koyamba. Pakali pano, World Trade Center 1 ndi nyumba yachisanu ndi ikuluikulu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso nyumba yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso yapamwamba kwambiri ku Western Hemisphere. Nyumba yomanga nyumba yatsopanoyi imatchedwa Freedom Tower, motero ikugogomezera kuti anthu a ku US sanaweramitse kuopsa kwauchigawenga. Ntchito yomangayi idatsirizidwa pa May 10, 2013 pakuika mamita 124 mamitala ndikulemera matani 758. Ndi malo angati omwe ali nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York? Malo okwana 104 ali ndi Tower of Freedom.

Pambuyo pa zoopsa zomwe zinachitika m'chaka cha 2001, akuluakulu a boma la United States sanathe kusankha nthawi yayitali zoti achite ndi gawo lochotsedwa. Kumbali imodzi, zinali zoonekeratu kuti kunali kofunikira kumanga nyumba yatsopano, ndipo pambali pake, amayenera kupitiliza kukumbukira anthu akufa ndikuwonetsa dziko kuti US sasiya ngakhale pambuyo pa zowawa zoterezi. Poyamba, malonda otsekedwa a chitukuko cha malo osalengezedwa adalengezedwa, koma zambiri mwazinthuzo zinkasokonezedwa ndi anthu. Kenaka mpikisanowo unatsegulidwa, ndipo Daniel Libeskind adapeza . Komabe, ngakhale atavomereza polojekiti yake, womanga nyumbayo amayenera kukonzanso zojambula zake zazikulu zaka zinai kuti zikhale zochepa, monga zinaliri poyamba. Kuonjezerapo, chikhumbo cha boma kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yotetezeka idachitidwa. Pakali pano, zovuta za World Trade Center (nyumba yazitali kwambiri ku New York mu 2016) ili ndi zojambula zisanu zokhala ndi zolinga zosiyana, chikumbutso kukumbukira akufa, ndi malo ojambula. Koma sizo zonse! Pansi pa nyumba yautali kwambiri ku New York, Tower of Freedom, kudutsa njira yapadera yopita ku metro ndi nthambi za sitima zapamwamba, zomwe zimakulolani kuchoka ku World Trade Center 1 kumalo aliwonse a mzindawo.

Malo achiwiri

Malo achiwiri mu zowerengera zathu "Nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York" (zithunzi zikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi) ikupezeka 432 Park Avenue. Skyscraper ili ndi kutalika kwa mamita 426, ngakhale kuti choyambirira chinali kupanga mamita 396 okha. Ntchito yomangayo inayenera kugwetsa adiresi ya Drake Hotel, yomwe inagula ndalama zokwana 440 miliyoni. Mtengo wonse wa nyumbayo unakwana madola 1.25 biliyoni. Pano, iyi ndi imodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri ku New York. Kuwonjezera apo, nyumbayi ndi nyumba yazitali kwambiri yokhala ndi mipando yamakono padziko lonse lapansi. Ku US, imakhala malo achitatu, padziko lapansi - malo 19.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti denga la Freedom Tower ndi mamita 9.8 m'munsi, koma malo oyambirira amaperekedwa kwa iwo chifukwa cha kuphulika kwakukulu. Nyumbayi ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera - ndi mawonekedwe oyera a geometric, omwe ndi olamba, omwe amawoneka kuchokera pamwamba. Nyumbayi ili ndi 85, malo amodzi - 368 mita mamita. Mbali iliyonse ya skyscraper ili ndi madiresi asanu ndi limodzi. Mwini nyumba yomangamangayi ndi yowonjezera nthawiyi amadzikweza ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo amachitcha chipangizo chatsopano cha New York, koma amisiri ambiri odziwika bwino komanso anthu olemekezeka a m'dzikoli amaona 432 Park Avenue kukhala "bwalo lochepa".

Mtengo wa nyumbayi mu nyumba yapamwambayi ku New York ukuchokera ku mamiliyoni angapo mpaka madigiri makumi khumi. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba mu nyumba yachiwiri yachitali ku New York inagulidwa $ 95 miliyoni ndi msilikali wina wa Saudi. Kuwonjezera pa nyumba 104, nyumbayi idzakhala ndi malo olimbitsa thupi, malo odyera, sauna, dziwe losambira, golf ndi zina zabwino za moyo wabwino.

Malo achitatu

Ndilo gawo "Nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York" ndi Empire State Building, yomwe ili pachilumba cha Manhattan. Ndi nyumba yomanga. Kutalika ndi mamita 381, omangidwa mu 1931. Nyumba yapamwamba kwambiri ku ofesi ya New York ili ndi malo 103. Mutu wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse udasungidwa ndi Empire State Building kuyambira 1931 mpaka 1970, yomwe ili mtundu wa zolemba. Chinyumba chakumpoto cha malo ogulitsa chinatha kulandira malo okongola ameneŵa. Pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwake, mutu wa apamwamba kwambiri ku New York anabwerera ku skyscraper, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zomangamanga za nyumbayo zimatanthawuza Art Deco, mu 2007 idalandira mutu wa njira yabwino kwambiri yomanga nyumba ku USA, ndipo mu 1986 iyo inalembedwa ngati chiwonetsero cha dziko chofunika kwambiri cha dziko. Pakali pano, nyumbayi ili ndi udindo wachinayi mu dziko ndipo 22 - padziko lapansi.

Lero, ofesi ya ofesi ikuyamangidwanso kuti ikhale yokonda kwambiri zachilengedwe. Mtengo wa ntchito zonse ukuwonetsedwa pa madola 550 miliyoni.

Mu State State-biling pali zipinda zingapo zopadera. Pali nyumba yosadziwika ya Guinness records, holo mamita 30 kutalika ndi zitatu zokwera, zokongoletsedwa ndi miyala ya marble ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi gulu la zodabwitsa 7 zapadziko lapansi. Mwa njira, ofesi ya ofesi yokha imatchedwa chisanu ndi chitatu cha zodabwitsa za dziko lapansi.

Zina mwazinthu, pa nyumba ya 102 ndi 86 pansi pa nyumba zamagetsi, mipando yowonetsera ili yotseguka, yomwe ingakhoze kukwezedwa mu mphindi imodzi yokha.

Bank of America Tower

Nsanja ya Bank of America ili ndi mamita 366 kutalika kwake ndi malo a nyumba yayitali kwambiri m'tawuniyi. Pakukula kwa polojekitiyi, chiyanjano ndi chidziwitso cha chilengedwechi chinali choyambirira kuganiziridwa. Zonse zomwe zimapangidwira ntchitoyi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mawindo aŵiri omwe ali mkati mwa nyumbayi amatenga kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma nthawi imodzimodzi amapereka kuunika kofunikira. Kuonjezera apo, ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, komwe kumakupatsani kuti muzisunga kwambiri potentha pa skyscraper. Kuphatikiza apo, pali dongosolo lomwe limasonkhanitsa ndikusambitsa madzi amvula. Mlengalenga umene umalowekera ndikuchoka panyumbayo umakhala ndi kusakaniza kosavuta. Pamene amanga nsanja, chiwerengero chokwanira cha zipangizo zatsopano zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Usiku pali mchere wambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti uzizizira nyumbayo m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ngakhalenso zamtsuko pano zimakonzedwa kuti madzi asagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zitha kusunga madzi okwana 30 miliyoni pachaka ndikuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Nyumbayo ili ndi magetsi oyendetsa getsi, omwe angapereke gawo la zosowa za nyumbayo, motero kuchepetsa mtengo wa kuperekera kwa mphamvu ku nyumba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku magetsi.

Nyumbayi ili ndi 55 pansi. Ndiyo yoyamba padziko lapansi kulandila kalata ya platinamu yopanga mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu komanso zachilengedwe.

Malo Odyera Padziko Lonse-3

Nyumba ina yomwe ikugwirizana ndi dziko lonse la World Trade Center ku United States. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inayamba mu 2010, ikuyembekezeredwa mu 2018. Malingana ndi mapangidwe apachiyambi, padzakhala malo 80, kutalika kwa nyumbayo kudzafika mamita 378. Nyumbayi idzakhala ndi maofesi a ofesi. Ntchito yomanga imayendetsedwa molingana ndi miyezo ya golidi yokhudzana ndi zachilengedwe komanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Poyambirira, nyumba yomwe ili pamalowo yomwe ilipo panopa inawonongeka pamene ndege ndi zigawenga zinagwera mu nsanja ya World Trade Center. Chokuta cha ndegeyi chinagwa ndipo chinagwera pa nyumbayo, kuwononga malo apamwamba, koma chinawonongeka kwambiri pakugwa. Pa nthawi ya kuwonongeka, hoteloyi inali pafupifupi anthu 1000. Zonsezi zinali ndi zitatu zokha pansi.

Nyumba ya Chrysler

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za mzindawu, yemwe ali ndi ufulu wotchedwa nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York, makamaka, chimodzi mwa iwo. Kodi katundu wa bungwe "Chrysler". Iyo inamangidwa mu 1930 ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwa mamita 320. Pafupifupi miyezi 11 kuchokera kumangidwe kumalo oyamba mndandanda wa apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Adagulitsidwa kwa eni ake atsopano.

Mbiri yake yomanga ndi yosangalatsa. Pulojekitiyi inatumizidwa ndi mtsogoleri wina yemwe adataya udindo wake mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo. Kenaka polojekitiyo idagulitsidwa ku bungwe la Chrysler. Wokonza nyumbayo ndi Craig Severance. Pamene amanga nyumbayo, adatsogoleredwa ndi mfundo yakuti adagonjetsa woyamba naye, ndipo atatha mdani wodzikuza wa Van Ellen. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zolingazo, mamita ochepa adawonjezeka ku nyumbayo kupyolera mpikisano. Panthawi ina cholingacho chinakwaniritsidwa, koma Van Ellen analandira chilolezo choyika mapiko okwera mamita 38 pa skyscraper. Popanda kufotokoza izi, iye anachita ntchitoyo ndipo adakhutira nacho chifukwa chakuti adatha kupyola bwenzi lake lapamtima. Komabe, chisangalalo cha omenyanawo chinali kanthawi kochepa, chifukwa patadutsa miyezi 11 Nyumba ya Ufumu State inatsegulidwa, yomwe "idagwira" nyumba ziwirizo.

Pokonzekera nyumbayo, kalembedwe ka Art Deco kanagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zinthu zambiri zinayambitsa chisokonezo pakati pa mboni zowona. Kotero, kumtunda kwa nyumbayi ndizojambula pamagalimoto a Chrysler magalimoto a nthawi imeneyo, kuphatikizapo, pali zokongoletsa monga mawonekedwe a mphungu. Kwa nthawi yaitali, wokonza nyumbayo ndi eni nyumbayo adatsutsidwa chifukwa cha kukwiya kwawo, koma tsopano nyumba ya Chrysler imatengedwa kuti ndi nyengo ya zaka za m'ma 1920, ndipo nyumbayo imakhala ndi dzina loti "Manhattan wokongola". Mu 2005, Museum Museum ya Skyscraper inamupatsa dzina lapamwamba kwambiri pamakonzedwe a zomangamanga ku US, mutuwu unapezedwa pambuyo pofunsa anthu oposa chikwi a m'dzikoli, okhudzana ndi zomangidwe ndi zomangamanga.

Pamwamba pamwamba kwa kanthawi panali malo oyang'anitsitsa, patangopita nthawi pang'ono iwo anasandulika kuresitora.

Nyumba Yatsopano ya New York Times

Nyumbayi mu 52 pansi idamangidwa mu 2007. Kutalika kwa antenna ndi mamita 319, omwe amaika New York Times malo asanu ndi limodzi pamodzi ndi Chrysler Building. Nyumbayo inadzipereka kwathunthu ku zosowa za nyuzipepalayi ndipo inamangidwa ndi dongosolo la eni eni nyuzipepalayi. Zomangamangazo zinagwiridwa ndi wopanga Italy, nyumba ya mkati inakhazikitsidwa ndi American Bureau, ndipo kampani inayake inali kuunikira usiku. Choncho, nyumba yaikuluyo ndi chipatso cha ntchito ya mipangidwe yambiri yamakono.

Zida zamagetsi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Choncho, mawindo apaderadera opangidwa ndi mawindo awiri amatenga mbali ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo samalola kuti nyumbayo ikhale yotentha. Mbewu yamagetsi imapanga 40 peresenti ya malo, pamene kutentha panthawi ya opaleshoni imayendetsedwa kuti Kutentha pansi.

Masewero okumbukira

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ulendo wopita kumzinda waukulu kwambiri ku US sungatheke ngati simukuyendera nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York ndi malo osungirako zinthu, omwe amapereka maonekedwe okongola a metropolis. Kwa nthawi yaitali chipinda chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinatsegulidwa ku Rockefeller Center, komanso Building State Building.

N'zotheka kukwera pamapulatifomu awa pazanja, ndikofunikira kudutsa malo osiyanasiyana osungira ndi zitsulo, koma pamene zonse zathetsedwa, alendo ali pa tsamba, pomwe maofesi a 360 degrees amayamba. Popeza kuti mapulaneti akuyang'ana pa nyumba zazikulu kwambiri, palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa kuona, ndipo ngati nyengo ikuloleza, mukhoza kuona lonse la New York momwe mbalame zikuziwonera.

Chinthu choyamba chimene mumasowa ndi nsanja za madzi. Pafupi nyumba iliyonse mumzindawu ili ndi nsanja yake, yomwe imapereka madzi. Kuonjezera apo, pa denga lina mukhoza kuona minda yowonongeka, dzuwa ndi malo obisika. Wina amagwiritsa ntchito denga pazofuna zawo, nkhunda zikukula kapena nyama zina, ndipo nthawi zina sizimangokhala. Zimadziwika bwino kuti pa madenga ena anali ndi minda yeniyeni yambiri njuchi ndi nyumba za njuchi.

Kuwonjezera pa denga lokhalamo, mukhoza kuona malo osangalatsa mumzinda ndi madera ena oyandikana nawo - madokolo kudutsa Hudson, pakati pa makina akuluakulu a Manhattan, Styvesant Town - malo osadziwika omwe ali ndi nyumba za zomangamanga zomwe zinakulira mu 1940, ndipo kumbali ina ya Hudson mungathe kuona satellite satellite ya Jersey. Kuwonjezera apo, imapereka chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha mzere woyamba ku New York - Flatiron Building kutalika kwa mamita 82, omwe anamangidwa mu 1902.

Chochititsa chidwi chokhudzana ndi nyumba yaikulu ya Ufumu State Building ndi chakuti mu 1945 bomba la US Air Force linagonjetsa, koma silinawonongeke, ndipo tsiku lotsatira nyumbayi idatsegulidwanso.

The kuonerera sitimayo pa Rockefeller Center komanso monyadira maganizo kwambiri, ndipo wokwanira ulendo monga usiku ndi usana. The chidwi kwambiri apa ndi kuona bwino kwambiri ku Central Park. Pali malo angapo mu nyumba ino - chilichonse ndi Khoma. Rockefeller tsenr inamangidwa mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo ndipo ili mu umakhala pafupi wina 30 mkulu-nyamuka mzinda. Komanso, wotchuka chithunzi "Chakudya pa inawomba nyumba yaitali," limene likuthandiza antchito atakhala pa mtengo uli kutalika prodigious, izo zinapangidwa mwa yomanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka - mu 1932.

Woyamba mkulu-nyamuka ku Manhattan

The inawomba nyumba yaitali yoyamba Manhattan ali, mwa zina, ndi mamangidwe kwambiri choyambirira. Kapangidwe anapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo, ndi pamene ankaona mosamalitsa kuchokera pamwamba, tikuona kansalu. Osati mwangozi nyumbayi ankatchedwa Flatiron Building, sipangakhalenso likumasuliridwa kuti "chitsulo".

Inawomba nyumba yaitali ili pa mphambano za makwalala atatu - Broadway, Chachisanu Avenue ndi 23 Street. Nyumba kutalika mamita 82 inatha mu 1902. Kuwonjezera mawonekedwe apadera, ndi inawomba nyumba yaitali ali limodzi zambiri kupindika: iye anali woyamba, yomanga imene Ufumuyo chisanadze anapereka chimango wa matabwa zitsulo.

Nyumba iyi ali mawonekedwe a mzati chakale ndi maziko osiyana (woyamba apansi asanu), momveka mbiya ndi kumtunda, mu mawonekedwe a chokongoletsera lapansi. Mlengi wa nyumba iyi yaitali anasangalala dzina lake mu mutu wa mbewu: Fuller Building msanga anadzatchedwa "Iron".

Choona chidwi ndi chifukwa cha misewu apadera mawonekedwe ndi mankhwala pafupi nyumbayi nthawi limapezeka mpweya otaya kukwera mmwamba. Iye anapatsidwa dzina wapadera - 23 skidoo. Komabe kulankhula za kuti nthawi zina pafupi ndi nyumba Tingaone amuna wotopetsa amene amayembekezera kuti otaya izi ndidzamuukitsa diresi kapena kudutsa akazi akudutsa.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, nyumba yotchuka chifukwa atakhala anasamukira kutawuni zopeka of Liberty City ku masewera a GTA4, koma kuzungulira malo osiyana, inu mukhoza kuwona chithunzi cha munthu maliseche anapanga zonse kutalika.