Macquarie - chilumba ku Pacific Ocean. Kufotokozera, nyengo, zithunzi

Macquarie Island (Engl Macquarie.) - malo aang'ono a dziko dera 128 sq. Km. Iwo inali pakati pa Australia ndi Antarctica mu gawo kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean. M'dera wanu ndi pamwamba Chisa homonymous chiphala lokwera.

Mfundo chapamwamba okwera amaonedwa zomwe zili Hamilton ndi Fletcher (za 410 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja). Kutalika kwa elongated chilumba 34 Km from kumpoto chakum'mwera, ali ndi m'lifupi 5 Km ndi zochititsa Geological ndi chifukwa chakuti pa nsonga ya kugunda mbale tectonic Yeremiya kufinya oposa ku nyanja mbali yaing'ono ya kutumphuka zikuluzikulu. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika kuti chisumbucho aumbike makamaka a lavas basaltic ndi andesitic, komanso mankhwala adzawonongedwa chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa nthaka.

ntchito zivomerezi m'dera akadali kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake kuti kupita saloledwa Macquarie Island. Momwe gawo ili la dziko? Chabwino, ndithudi, nyanja, kuswa makilomita oposa 1.5 zikwi ku chilumba cha Tasmania. Macquarie enieni amene amayang'anira: 54 ° 37 A. yakumadzulo. ndi 158 ° 51 'mu. d.

A mbiri pang'ono

Pali nkhambakamwa za maulendo malo awa ndi Polynesians m'zaka 13-14, midzi yochepa chabe, koma umboni wokwanira kuti panopa anapeza.

Mwalamulo, chisumbu anapeza mu 1810. chombo Australia ndi Captain F. Hasselboro chinkhoswe mu whaling. Nthawi ina ya ndege mu chakumadzulo Pacific Ocean mbali ya dzikoli anapeza kuti m'tsogolo, ndipo anaitana Macquarie. chisumbu chikutchedwa ndiye Kazembe-General wa New South Wales Laklana Makkuori.

Panopa, malowa ndi pansi ulamuliro wa Australia, pokhala mfundo yake kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi administratively mbali ya boma ya Tasmania. Komabe, panali nthawi ina pamene Russia anaika amati izo. Izo zinachitika mutapita kwa chilumbachi 1820, woyamba Russian Antarctic ulendo kutsogoleredwa ndi Bellingshausen.

Mu 1948 anaonekera siteshoni nyengo. Izo analengedwa ndi Australia. Cholinga cha siteshoni - kuphunzira kwa kontinenti ya Antarctica. Kuyambira mu 1978, Macquarie - chilumba, amene mwalamulo anapatsidwa udindo wa malo osungirako. Ndipo pambuyo pa zaka 20, kuyambira mu 1997, m'dera kukuteteza ake walanda kukhazikitsidwa kwa UNESCO dziko lonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chilumba ali kwambiri mbali yapadera Geological ndi masoka.

nyengo

Otchedwa chilumba achisangalalo ndi zovuta, monga momwe zinthu zinalili kumeneko nyengo, kunena zoona, wovuta. mvula yosalekeza, mphepo yamphamvu, otsika kutentha - ichi ndi chimene chidzachitikira anthu amene anapita ku chilumba cha Macquarie. nyengo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi chinyezi, boma linakwanitsa. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Choyamba, mwadzidzidzi mpweya misa, mokwanira ozizira. Monga ulamuliro, mphepo pafupifupi sasiya mu chaka. Wapakati mpweya kutentha - za +5 ° C (palibe kusiyana kwambiri m'chilimwe ndi yozizira).

The mpweya pachaka amangoona za 1000 mm. Amagwa mu mawonekedwe a drizzle chaka chonse. Nthawi zambiri pali fogs pa chilumbachi dzuwa pano ndi osowa mlendo.

masamba dziko

Macquarie - chilumba kumene pafupifupi zomera. Amafuna zosiyanasiyana Sikuti, ngati pali kukula mitundu yochepa udzu: makamaka sedges, komanso kuderako Macquarie kabichi. Mu madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja wamba bulauni Seaweed.

Amakhala pa chilumbachi pafupi naye?

The zomera za dziko chilumba ndi m'zigawozigawo kuposa mbewu. Njuchi ambiri chachikulu apa anyani, amene ankaimira mwa mitundu 4 chachikulu: achifumu, bulu, Gentoo ndi kuderako. chiwerengero chawo okwana ali pafupi ndi 4 miliyoni, ndi kukula m'madera munthu Mitandadza kwa anthu 500 zikwi 200 mabanja. Penguin Macquarie (Schlegel) amayambitsa yekha pa chilumba chimenechi, koma akulu amakhala nthawi yaitali kutali nyanja, kudya nsomba yaing'ono, krill ndi zooplankton. Tinakhazikika pa gombe la zisindikizo njovu, zisindikizo ubweya, zisindikizo. Chifukwa kuswana mwasankha malo awa albatrosses, petrels, cormorants, skuas ndi terns Antarctic. Macquarie - chilumba, zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kawirikawiri ndi anamgumi, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Mu malo amenewo kumene pali zambiri algae, angapezeke mitundu osakhala chandamale cha nsomba tasonkhana pano mu ziweto zambiri.

Otulukira chilumba pa nthawi anabweretsa pano amphaka ndi akalulu kuti anali kungasokoneze chilengedwe m'deralo. Pofika mu 1890, ali kwathunthu mbisoweka mitundu osowa wa Chingolopiyo kulumpha Macquarie wamoyo pano. Atamuopseza kunapezeka kuti mbalame kukaikira mazira ndi zomera. Only m'zaka XXI, ndi zokometsera zinyama anakwanitsa kumasula chilumba ochokera kwa iye alendo, ndipo tsopano palibe amphaka kapena akalulu zatsala.

anthu

Wa anthu kokha asayansi kuchuluka kwa anthu 25-40 momwemo m'deralo. Amagwira ntchito siteshoni nyengo Macquarie Island njira wotchi. nyumba ili kumpoto kwa chilumbachi. Kwa antchito pano zinamangidwa nyumba zogona ndi maofesi. Mwalamulo, chisumbu chatsekedwa kwa alendo.