Odziwika ku Ukraine: ndale, olemba, masewera, masewera a nkhondo

Anthu okongola a ku Ukraine amakumana osati lero, osati pakati pa ndale, akatswiri amalonda, masewera otchuka kapena anthu ena - nkhaniyi yatsalira kukumbukira anthu ochuluka kwambiri omwe akuthandizira pa chitukuko cha Ukraine ndi mayiko ena ambiri saliiwala lero . Pa nthawi yomweyi, anthu ambiri sadziwa ngakhale kuti anthuwa ndi ndani, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani kukumbukira kwawo kuli moyo lero. N. Gogol, Taras Shevchenko, Bogdan Khmelnitsky - izi ndi zina zambiri zimadziwika kwa aliyense. Pano tidzakambirana za anthu omwe machitidwe awo sadziwika bwino, koma omwe amayeneranso chidwi chenicheni.

Vyacheslav Maksimovich Chernovol

Vyacheslav Maksimovich Chernovol ndi mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri ku Ukraine ndi a dziko la Soviet Union, ndipo anali wodziwika bwino ndale kale m'masiku a ulamuliro wa Ukraine. Mu 2000, Vyacheslav Chernovol analandira dzina la Hero of Ukraine.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti maganizo a Vyacheslav adamulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo nthawi zonse ali ndi zaka 21, chifukwa sankakhoza kuzibisa, ndipo m'malo mwake adangopita ku Zhdanov, komwe kuli moto. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo kale panthawiyo anali kufalitsa mwakhama m'nyuzipepala zosiyanasiyana. Mu 1960, ali ndi zaka 23, Vyacheslav Chernovol anayamba kugwira ntchito pa televizioni ya Lviv, komwe poyamba anali mkonzi, ndipo patapita nthaŵi analandiridwa ndi mkonzi wamkulu, akugwira ntchito pa nkhani za achinyamata. Atatha zaka zitatu za ntchitoyi, anasamukira ku Vyshgorod, komwe anamanga ntchito yomanga nyumba ya Kiev, ndipo atatha kuteteza mawu ake mu 1964, adapeza ntchito mu nyuzipepala ya "Young Guard". Kale mu 1965, adathamangitsidwa m'nyuzipepala pokonzekera zionetsero zotsutsana ndi kumangidwa kwa a Ukrainian intelligentsia a gulu la anti-Soviet.

Mu 1967 Chernovol adafalitsa bukhu lofotokoza za zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo lotchedwa "Woe wochokera ku Wit", wotchuka kufikira lero, koma chifukwa cha bukuli akhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mu khola lokhazikika, koma amamasulidwa atangomangidwa zaka ziwiri. Mu 1972, anagwiranso ntchito m'ndende chifukwa chofalitsa magazini yotchedwa Ukrainsky Vestnik, ndipo panopa sanatuluke m'ndende mu 1978, komabe ngakhale apo, anthu otchuka a ku Ukraine ndi ena a USSR ankadziwa zomwe anachita.

Mu 1990, Vyacheslav anasankhidwa kukhala Wachiwiri wa Anthu ku Ukraine, akulandira mavoti opitirira 68% kuchokera ku chigawo chake, ndipo mu 1991 adatenga malo oyamba mu chisankho cha pulezidenti m'mbiri ndi oposa 23% voti. Pambuyo pake, ndi chisankho chilichonse, adasankhidwa kawiri konse ndi wotsogoleli wa anthu, koma mwangozi, pa March 25, 1999, wandale anali pangozi ndipo anaphedwa.

Larisa Petrovna Kosach-Kvitka

Mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri olemba Chiyukireniya ndi olemba ndakatulo, komanso chikhalidwe chachikulu kwambiri. Ngati tilankhula za omwe ali a Ukrainians, ndiye kuti simungathe kukumbukira mkazi wabwino uyu, ambiri omwe ntchito zake sizinangosindikizidwa komanso kuziwerengedwa, komanso zimakakamizidwa kuti aphunzire maphunziro a sukulu ya Chiyukireniya. Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimagwiritsa ntchito ndakatulo "Maganizo ndi Maloto", "Pa Mapiko a Nyimbo" ndi "Mayankho", komanso sewero la "Forest Song".

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Lesya Ukrainka (pseudonym iyi idasankhidwa ndi Larisa) inalembedwa m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amagwiranso ntchito mwakhama, ndipo nyimbo zokwana 220 zosiyana zinalembedwa ndi mawu ake. Ambiri a masiku ano a ku Ukraine amachitcha kuti mmodzi mwa anthu akuluakulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko lawo, kuphatikizapo Ukraine otchuka monga Bogdan Khmelnitsky ndi Taras Shevchenko.

Lesja Ukrainka nayenso anachokera m'banja labwino, popeza bambo ake anali mtsogoleri wa chigawo cha Chernigov, wogwira ntchito komanso wogwira ntchito. Makamaka, izi zinapangitsa kuti atatha kuwonekera kwa chifuwa chake, makolo adakhoza kumupatsa mankhwala apamwamba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, panthawi imodzimodziyo amalola wolemba mtsogolo kuti adziwongereze ndikuphunzira zinthu zambiri zatsopano.

Pa moyo wake, wolembayo anaphunzira Chigiriki, Chilatini, Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa, ndipo ali ndi zaka 19 anayamba kupanga mabuku ake kwa alongo ake, pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za asayansi akuluakulu a nthawi yake.

Matenda aakulu anazunza wolemba ndakatulo moyo wake wonse, koma ngakhale izi, adayesetsabe kupeza mphamvu zogwira ntchito mpaka imfa ya July 19, 1913 ku Surami. Mpaka pano, ntchito zake zikugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito za ndakatulo monga I. P. Kotlyarevsky, Taras Shevchenko ndi ena ambiri.

Lilia Alexandrovna Podkopayeva

Lilia Podkopayeva ndi mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri komanso ochita masewera otchuka ku Ukraine lero. Mwachidziwikire, adadziŵika chifukwa cha zofunikira zake mu gymnastics, ali ndi mutu wa Mbuye wa Masewera a Zamakono a Ulemu, ndipo ali woweruza mdziko lonse lapansi. Pa nthawi ya masewera ake, Liliya Podkopayeva anapambana ndi golidi 45, ndalama 21 zasiliva ndi 14 zamkuwa, ndipo adalandira dzina la European Champion komanso mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse lapansi.

Maseŵera awiri oyambirira a ndondomeko ya golidi anali kale mu 1997 (ali ndi zaka 18) ku Atlanta, akuwapindula pamayesero apamwamba ndi apansi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mpaka lero, wophunzira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuphatikizapo amuna, sakanatha kubwereza kawiri kawiri ndi kutembenuka kwa 180 ^° , zomwe anachita ndi wothamanga uyu.

Panthawiyi, Lilia Podkopayeva amadziŵika kwambiri chifukwa cha zochita zake, komanso za "Golden Lily", yomwe imachitika nthawi zonse. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti mu 2008, muwiri ndi Sergei Kostetskii ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amaimira Ukraine pa Eurovision Dance Contest 2008, kumene anatha kutenga malo achitatu.

Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak

Sidor Kovpak ndi mmodzi mwa akuluakulu a asilikali otchuka kwambiri a Soviet, komanso ziwerengero za boma ndi boma za nthawi yake. Mwa njira zambiri amadziwika kuti mkulu wa asilikali a Putivl partisan, amene anachita ntchito zambiri pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikondi. Kaŵirikaŵiri Sidor Kovpak analandira dzina lakuti Hero of the Soviet Union.

Msonkhano wa Asilikali

Pakati pa 1941 mpaka 1942, gulu la Kovpak lidachititsa nkhondo kumbuyo kwa adani ku Kursk, Orel, Sumy ndi Bryansk. Bungwe la Sumy lachigawenga, lomwe lidalamulidwa ndi mkulu wa asilikali uyu, linadutsa kumbuyo kwa asilikali a Germany kuposa makilomita 10,000, pamene adagonjetsa adani a adani m'midzi 39. Choncho, Sidor Kovpak ndi mazunzo ake adathandizira kwambiri kutumiza gulu lachigawenga motsutsana ndi othawa ku Germany.

Chifukwa cha utumiki wake mu 1942, mwiniwake adavomerezedwa ndi Voroshilov ndi Stalin ku Moscow, komwe adabwera kumsonkhano pamodzi ndi akuluakulu ena olamulira. Ntchito yaikulu ya mgwirizanowu inali kuyendetsa Dnieper kuti yowonjezera malire a nkhondo zachigawenga ku Right Bank Bank Ukraine, ndipo kugwirizana kwake mpaka kutulukako kunali anthu zikwi ziwiri. Mu April 1943, Kovpak adalandira udindo wa Major-General.

Sidor Kovpak anamwalira pa December 11, 1967, imfa yake, pambuyo pake anaikidwa m'manda a Baykovoye ku Kiev.

Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub

Ivan Kozhedub - mmodzi mwa olemekezeka kwambiri a ndege, wotchuka chifukwa cha zochitika zake pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikhalidwe. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti Kozhedub adakhala msilikali wogwira mtima kwambiri pakati pa mabungwe onse ogwirizana, monga mapewa ake anali nkhondo zopambana 64. Analandira dzina lakuti Hero of the Soviet Union katatu, ndipo adakhalanso woyendetsa ndege m'chaka cha 1985.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti Ivan Kozhedub adalowa muutumiki wa Red Army mu 1940 mwamsanga atangomaliza maphunziro a Chuguevsky Aviation School, komwe adakakhala ndi mphunzitsi.

Mu 1942, Ivan adalandira udindo wa mkulu wa sergeant, ndipo chaka chamawa anapita ku Voronezh Front. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nkhondo yoyamba ya Kozhedub inatsala pang'ono kuwonongeka, chifukwa "LA-5" yake inawonongeka kwambiri ndi "Messerschmitt-109". Pobwerera kwawo, kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndegeyo inawomberedwa ndi asilikali a Soviet otsutsa ndege, kuigunda kawiri. N'kwachibadwa kuti pambuyo pa kubwerera panalibe funso la kubwezeretsa kwa ndegeyo, kotero woyendetsa ndege anapatsidwa latsopano. Kwa nthawi yoyamba dzina lakuti Hero of the Soviet Union, Ivan Kozhedub, yemwe kale anali mlembi wamkulu pa nthawiyi, adayikidwa mu 1944, atatha kuwombera ndege 20 za German mu zolimbana zokwana 146.

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo Kozhedub anali pa udindo wa Major Guard ndipo ananyamuka kupita ku LA-7, ndipo kumbuyo kwa mapewa ake panali madoko 330, momwemo adawombera ndege 62 za German, kuphatikizapo mabomba okwera 17. Pomalizira nkhondo yake yomwe adagonjetsa Berlin, akugunda pansi awiri a FW-190. Pafupifupi nkhondo zake zonse, woyendetsa ndege wotchuka anagonjetsa chifukwa cha maluso ake odabwitsa pakuwombera, zomwe zinamulepheretsa kuti asayandikire pafupi kwambiri kuposa mamita 200-300, ndipo pomalizira pake adapambana ngakhale pa ndege ya "ME-262".

Ivan Kozhedub anamwalira pa August 8, 1991, pambuyo pake anaikidwa m'manda ku Moscow ku Novodevichy Manda.

Mikhail Sergeevich Hrushevsky

Mikhail Grushevsky ndi mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri ochita zotsutsa, komanso a boma komanso a ndale ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Soviet Union. Chodziwika kwambiri chinali chifukwa cha ntchito ya "History of Ukraine-Rus", yomwe ndi malemba khumi, omwe pambuyo pake anakhala maziko a mbiri ya maphunziro a Chiyukireniya ndipo zinayambitsa mikangano yambiri ya sayansi. M'pofunika kuzindikira kuti lingaliro lotsatira Grushevsky linakhala lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha Chiyukireniya kupatulapo m'zaka zapitazo.

Mikhail Grushevsky anayesa kufotokoza lingaliro la chitukuko chosasinthika cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha chiyankhulo ku Ukraine dera, chomwe, mwa lingaliro lake, chinatsogolera, potsirizira, pakupanga mitundu yodabwitsa, yosiyana ndi onse a Asilavo a Kummawa. Malingana ndi lingaliro la Grushevsky, Russia ikuwoneka ngati mawonekedwe a Chiyukireniya, ndipo motengera zolemba za mbiri yakale, iye analankhula za mbali yosiyana siyana pakati pa anthu a Chirasha ndi a Chiyukireniya, kuphatikizaponso a cardinal divergence a makina awo opititsa patsogolo, ndipo Kupitiriza kwa boma kwa a Ukrainians. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, adatsutsa lamulo la "kusonkhanitsa madera a Russia", omwe boma la Russia linkagwiritsa ntchito zaka za XV-XVII.

Raisa Afanasyevna Kirichenko

Kirichenko Raisa Afanasyevna ndi woimba wotchuka wa ku Ukraine, yemwe amadziwika m'dera lonse lakale la USSR. Ntchito yake inayamba ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri pamene iye adakhala wolimba mtima wa oyimba nyimbo ku Kremenchug Automobile Plant, motsogoleredwa ndi Pavel Ochenash. Kale mu 1962, anayamba kugwira ntchito m'gulu la akatswiri lotchedwa Veselka, lomwe linatsogoleredwa ndi Nikolai Kirichenko.

Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chamasewero, woimbayo akuganiza kupanga bungwe lake lomwe limatchedwa "Kalina". Mu 1983, mumzinda wa Cherkassy, gulu laling'ono la "Rosava" linapangidwira kwa iye, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagwira ntchito ndi oimba nyimbo za mtundu wa Viktor Gutsal, akuchita ku Crimea, Kiev, komanso m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Belarus ndi Ukraine.

Chifukwa cha kusamvana kwina ndi timu yake, adasankha kuchoka mu 1987, chifukwa cha T. Morgun adamuitana iye ndi mwamuna wake ku Poltava, komwe adayanjananso ndi "Churaevna". Pambuyo poyimba nyimboyi "Pan kwa Colonel", nyimbo ya woimba wotchukayo ikubwezeretsedwanso mobwerezabwereza, ndipo chifukwa chake iye akuwerengedwa kwambiri mu studio ya gulu la "Freestyle". Pang'onopang'ono, ma CD ndi nyimbo amayamba kuchoka, akufalitsidwa bwino, ndipo kenako amayamba kuyanjana ndi oimba nyimbo "Kalina", yomwe inatsogoleredwa ndi Grigory Levchenko Wolemba Zithunzi Zamanja.

Pa February 9, 2005, Raisa Kirichenko anafa ndi matenda a mtima.

Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin

Nikolai Vatutin ndi mkulu wotchuka wa asilikali a Soviet, amene analandira dzina lakuti Hero of the Soviet Union. Mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa omwe adatha kupita ku General Army kupita kwa anthu onse.

M'dziko la Great Patriotic War Vatutin anayamba kutenga nawo gawo m'chaka cha 1941, ndipo palibe amene akanatha kuganiza kuti adzalandapo mndandanda wa "Odziwika ku Ukraine." Pofika pa June 30, adakhala mkulu wa antchito ku Northwest Fountain, komwe kunali kovuta kwambiri, pamene asilikali a Soviet anali kuthamangira ku Baltic, ndipo adaniwo anapatsidwa mpata wokantha ku Moscow ndi Leningrad. Panthawiyi Vatutin ankafunika kupanga zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito yake inali kulimbikitsa Valdai Upland, motero kuonetsetsa kuti kutsogolo kwa Moscow ndi Leningrad kunali kovomerezeka. Ngakhale, koma sakanatha kuzindikira cholinga ichi, chifukwa mu 1942 adasamutsidwa ku Moscow.

Motsogoleredwa ndi Nikolai Vatutin panthawi ya nkhondo, nkhondo zambiri zotchuka zinkachitika, monga: Nkhondo ya Kursk, nkhondo ya Dnieper ndi ena ambiri, omwe adakwaniritsidwa bwino.

Mkulu wamkulu adafa mu 1944 ndi asilikali a ku Ukraine omwe adagonjetsa zigawenga, omwe adamukwiyitsa panjira kuchokera ku Rovny kupita ku Slavuta.

Zina

Akuluakulu a ku Ukraine, si onse omwe atchulidwa m'nkhani ino, palinso anthu ambiri ochititsa chidwi omwe amapereka mbiri mpaka lero ndipo anachita kamodzi.

Pano pali ena mwa anthu omwe angathe ndipo ayenera kudziwika ndi anthu ambiri mpaka lero. Pafupifupi chaka chilichonse chatsopano, nyenyezi zambiri zatsopano zimabadwira, Ukraine pang'onopang'ono umadzaza ndi ndale, zimapindulitsa masewera atsopano, zimadzaza ndi ojambula, ndipo zonsezi sitinganene. Mndandandawu ukhoza kupitilizidwa kwamuyaya: Ruslana Lyzhichko, Andrey Shevchenko, abale a Klitschko - pali ziwerengero zambiri zozizwitsa, ndipo wina sayenera kudzikuza okha ndi kukumbukira ntchito zawo, komanso yesetsani kudzaza mndandandawu ndi dzina lawo.