Okhawo zachilengedwe

Otchedwa mabizinezi okhawo, zomwe zimakhala zenizeni msika lalikulu malo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti aone ubwino ndi kuteteza msika ku opanga ena, ndipo azikuuzani mawu kwa makasitomala.

Natural okhawo amatenga msika zinthu wapadera chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha ulimi wake. Izi zikhoza kukhala kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zodula kwambiri, ndi umwini wa yekha zachilengedwe, luso wosiyana ndi malire mphamvu. Udindo waukulu wa kampani akutchedwa, ngati izo zimatengera 65% ya katundu msika.

Monga ulamuliro, ndi okhawo zachilengedwe - ndi lalikulu kwambiri ogwira ntchito ndi zomangamanga otukuka, amene yolenganso zovuta ndi uneconomical. Mwachitsanzo, njanji, mphamvu ndi kutentha, etc. kuphangira kwambiri ndi mabizinezi anthu, zomwe n'zofunika kwambiri kugwira ntchito chuma m'dziko lonselo chabe. Malonda amenewa, yodziwika ndi pakhomo okwezeka amene ayenera kusintha kulowa mafakitale.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Russia, imene kuli msika okhawo ake kumalepheretsa chitukuko cha mpikisano zonse, imbaenda kuchepetsa mwayi katundu. Mu nthawi Soviet pamene dongosolo lamulo la kasamalidwe chuma chuma lonse ndi chakuti tsopano cholengedwa "zachilengedwe okhawo". Ndiye panalibe mpikisano mfundo opareshoni mwatsatanetsatane kukonzekera ndondomeko. Gosplan, Komiti State ndi makonzedwe State anapereka magawo onse machitidwe a mabizinezi a dziko.

Natural okhawo amadziwikanso ankamuona ngati mtundu wapadera wa dongosolo msika wa katundu amene zimalepheretsa kulowa mu maphunziro ake ena anakulira mwanjira yakuti pafupifupi akuluakulu.

Chinthu chapadera kwa okhawo zokomera linali ziletso "kuchokera kumwamba", pamene mu dziko capitalist, iwo anayamba kutuluka "m'munsi" ndi limodzi mwa mpikisano (iwo Amaswa kampani kutsogolera ndi zipangizo zatsopano ndi amphamvu luso m'munsi).

Anasiya sotsepohi kwakukulukulu kutumikira pofuna ubale chuma dziko. Antimonopoly malamulo ku Russia anayamba kupanga mu zikhalidwe za kukhalako amakampani amphamvu lalikulu ndi ubwenzi nascent msika. Lero, ndi opanda ungwiro ndipo ayenera ntchito pa maziko a generalization mchitidwewu malamulo.

kuphangira Natural udindo amphamvu Russia. Kukhazikitsa mu thandizo la nyumba msika ndi mfundo ogwira analengedwa ndi State Committee pa Antimonopoly Policy. Mu 1999, ofotokoza analenga MAP -Nsanja ya Utumiki wa Anti-okhawo Policy ndi Support ya entrepreneurship. Komabe, mlingo wa mpikisano mu Russia akadali wokwanira. The zifukwa izi kuti wamba sanadutsitse kuti zikamera wa eni ogwira, ogwira kukonzanso sichinayambe ntchito bwino, ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komabe anayamba mlingo okwanira.

Natural okhawo sayenera kukhala chotchinga chitukuko cha ena zingamuthandize mitundu ya kasamalidwe (makamaka - ang'ono ndi sing'anga mabizinesi). Choncho, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti Russia lero m'pofunika kukhazikitsa kwambiri okhwima ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika woyang'anira malonda, amagulitsa nsombazo, tenders kwa katundu zofuna boma; kuti alange zoyesayesa za oyang'anira mzindawo kuteteza kayendedwe ka likulu ndi katundu m'dziko lonselo; ntchito lamulo boma kukuza mwayi wa mpikisano; zikugwirizana ndi malamulo a mayiko CIS pa nkhani ya odana ndi okhawo lamulo.