Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Russian ziboliboli: yonena, ntchito

Mu dziko mungapeze malo ambiri osati Timasangalalanso ndi ulemerero wawo, mizere opukutidwa, koma kumathandizanso zinayambira wa luso la zosemasema kupyola mu mibadwo. Koma kodi tikudziwa bwanji anthu amene analenga zipilala zimenezi, amene anayika gawo la moyo wake mu chinthu lapamtima?

M'nkhaniyi tiona kukumbukira odziwika bwino Russian ziboliboli. Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich - iye ali, ndi mtundu wanji wa zopereka za zojambulajambula, ndipo kodi ntchito anatchuka kwambiri?

yonena

anabadwa AM Opekushin November 28, 1838 (monga zina mu 1833) ku mudzi waung'ono Svechkino Volga (Province Yaroslavl). Iye anachokera ku banja wamba. Bambo ake anali serf wa mwini malo Ekateriny Olhinoy, modelers aluso kudziona anaphunzitsa.

Kuyambira ndili mwana Opekushin anasonyeza talente luso ndi kukoma, kubwera ku mavuto yosavuta wamba akumvera. Iye bwinobwino maphunziro kusukulu ya m'mudzi. izo zinali talente mnyamata ndi zovuta kulabadira, bambo zambiri pa kwina ndi kwina madona ku St. Petersburg, ndatsimikiza mnyamata kuphunzira. Atalandirapo chilolezo cha E. Olkhin, achinyamata Opekushin pa zaka 12 adapita kukalembedwa mu Sukulu ya Chojambula ya mfumu Society kwa Olimbikitsa a ojambula.

mapangidwe

Maphunzilo ku St. Petersburg zinali zophweka. Ndipo m'malo zaka zitatu anakhala ziwiri basi. AM Opekushin asonyeza luso zachilendo pa maphunziro awo, ndipo anapambana mitima ya ojambula odziwika ndi aphunzitsi. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Chidanishi ziboliboli David Jensen. Pambuyo mapeto a Chojambula School, anapempha kuti situdiyo wake Opekushin monga modelers volnoprihodyaschego.

maphunziro Komanso ntchito kwa ziboliboli wamng'ono anali n'zosatheka, popeza zikalata iye anali adakali serf. Pofuna kuthetsa Opekushin amafuna ndalama, dipo - 500 rubles. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iye anayesetsa kumaliza malamulo zina ndi kulandira malipiro.

Amphamvu maganizo maganizo, kuphunzira tsiku, kugona mosalekeza kukanidwa ndi undernourishment kwambiri wofooka Opekushin thupi, ndipo iye anadwala. anzathu apamtima yekha wa sukulu ndi wamng'ono kuthetsa matenda. Ndipo mu 1859, yosainidwa Opekushin Freestyle. Tsopano iye anali mfulu ndi akhoza kupitiriza njira kulenga, kodi ndi kumene iye akufuna.

Latsopano Alma Mater anali Imperial Academy of Tirhana. Mu yomweyi, ndi modeller wamng'ono anapitiriza kupita ku msonkhano Jensen ndi zovuta anapambana udindo wa mmodzi wa Osema bwino Russian.

banja

Mu 1861, Alexander m'banja. Mwatsoka, magwero sapatsidwa mfundo zolondola za mkazi wake ndi ana. Amadziwika yekha kuti Opekushin anali ndi banja lalikulu, akazi angapo. Anathandiza kusunga iye ndalama zonse kuyambira pachiyambi ziboliboli kukongoletsa.

Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich anali munthu kwambiri achipembedzo ndi monarchist olimbikira. ntchito yake amaonedwa kwambiri m'banja lachifumu. Pa nthawi yovuta mu banja Russian anali wotchuka Russian ziboliboli kupempha ndi njala. Ndalama pagulu, anasamukira ku chosintha St. Petersburg (ndiye Petrograd) m'chigawo kwawo Opekushin. Kenako Rybnitsa kunyumba ntchito ufulu. Alexander anali atakalamba ndipo salinso chinkhoswe mu luso lapamtima. Komabe, Commissariat la Anthu anasankha banja lake chakudya maphunziro.

Mu 1923 Opekushin anadwala chibayo n'kumwalira. Iye anaikidwa mu mudzi umodzi Rybnitsa, chotsatira kwa Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi, amene anabatizidwa. Patangopita zaka makumi asanu, kumanda ziboliboli anaonekera wodzichepetsa tombstone. Ndipo mu 2012, osadziwika admirer Opekushin allocated ndalama lubwe tombstone lolembedwa kuti: "Osema lalikulu la ana othokoza."

ntchito Early

Ntchito Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich monga wojambula ndi modeler anayamba oyambirira. Pofika zaka 17, analenga mbiri ya luso mbuye. Komabe, inasintha tsoka ake anakhala 1862. Quezalcoatl "Angelo yolengeza abusa Khirisimasi" anali ngati poyambira luso lalikulu kwa ziboliboli wamng'ono.

Posakhalitsa iye anaona ndi wojambula wotchuka Mikhail Mikeshin ndipo akhoza kutenga mbali ya kulengedwa kwa chipilala mu Novgorod "Millennium la Russia" - ntchito zikuluzikulu pa nthawi. Kumene mogwirizana ndi Mikeshin kunathandiza lalikulu Opekushin. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo inkalemera ziboliboli. Ka ziboliboli wachinyamata kwakukulukulu anapanga mchikakamizo ndi zilandiridwenso wa Russian realist ziboliboli Mark Antokolsky, makamaka, ziboliboli zake Ivana Groznogo ndi Peter I.

ntchito

Pa ntchito yonse Opekushin analenga katswiri dazeni angapo. Ena a iwo Russian ziboliboli analandira mphoto ndi maudindo. Koma, mwatsoka, zambiri misewu anali anagwetsa m'nthawi chosintha. Chotero Mwachitsanzo, wakhala chipilala kuti Alexander II. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu chaka cha 1898. The chipilala mkuwa anaima kum'mwera kwa mpanda Kremlin.

Ponseponse kutchuka anabweretsa Opekushin ntchito anasonyeza pa chionetsero World ku Paris. Tikhoza anathamangitsa mbale chosonyeza zithunzi zakale, chimene chinapangidwa pa mbuye chitsanzo.

N'zosatheka kukana chopereka chachikulu anapanga kuti chitukuko cha Russian ndi dziko chosema Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich. ziboliboli wake ndi yosavuta, otsika-kiyi, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri kalembedwe munthu wa ntchito. Mndandanda wa ntchito zikuphatikizapo zipilala za wotchuka ndakatulo AS Pushkin ndi WANGA Lermontov, zachilengedwe Karl Von Baer ndi asilikali Greig, ndi kugwira wa wotchuka Shuvalov ndi Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Komabe, patapita ofufuza za zilandiridwenso ziboliboli kuoneka ngati zochepa bwino ndi limaonetseratu. Mwachitsanzo, chipilala kwa Mfumu Alexander III sanali wapamwambatu waife m'nthawi yake.

Chifaniziro cha Peter I

Opekushin anasangalala ntchito ndi chithunzi ziboliboli za wotchuka kanjedza mbiri. Makamaka n'kumene ntchito yake zoyenera Peter I. Fano akunena mfumu atakhala pa mpando yunifolomu lake ndi nsapato.

Ziboliboli modabwitsa anakwanitsa analanda impulsiveness ndi kuyenda khalidwe ndi Petr Veliky. Komabe, monga zanenedwa, si yekha wodziwika bwino mwaluso, analengedwa ndi mfiti lapansi.

The chipilala kuti Pushkin

Imodzi mwa ntchito kwambiri kuti analengedwa Opekushin - Pushkin chipilala. Chilengedwe chake cha ziboliboli inayamba mu 1872, popeza anaponyedwa ntchito ina yonse. Long zaka zitatu anatenga kukhala sewero la chipilala cha. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mbuye anali kuphunzira kuposa khumi ndi zithunzi za ndakatulo ndi ntchito yake. Pambuyo Opekushin candidacy wobvomerezedwayo mwa 1875, anayamba likuonetsera kukhazikitsa lapansi. The othandizira anatenga ziboliboli wamanga I. Bogomolov.

asanu okha patapita zaka, ntchito yonse inatha. Ndipo June 6, 1880 pa Tverskoy Boulevard mu Moscow anali mwalamulo anatsegula chipilala kuti wamkulu Russian ndakatulo AS Pushkin. The chipilala mkuwa limatuluka majestically pa pedestal ndi yomweyo anachititsa chisangalalo ofala m'tauni ya.

Ndipo lero ndakatulo Russian zomangidwa ndi mkuwa nthawi waima pa umodzi mwa misewu yaikulu ya likulu mu malaya kaso, imene lonse-chinsalu modzilemekeza. Mu malo ake anaganiza chomasuka malingaliro. Pang'ono kuweramira mutu ndi maso kufotokoza kudzoza kwa Pushkin ndi ukulu mfulu.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin chipilala ndi chimodzi cha ntchito zazikulu zomwe ndi maudindo, kukhazikitsa chomwe nthawi ya padera osati ndi khama, komanso gawo la moyo wake, chikondi cha luso ndakatulo.

chipilala Lermontov

Mu 1889, mosakhalitsa za kulengedwa kwa wina wotchuka Russian ndakatulo, ndi kumanga chipilala kuti Lermontov mu Pyatigorsk. kapangidwe kake mwina anagwidwa ndi gwero wosatha odzoza ndi malingaliro a ndakatulo - Caucasus.

Kuyang'ana yaikulu Lermontov, mosadziwa kukakwera nokha ndikuganiza kuti ndakatulo patapita koyenda ndipo pansi pa mwala, mutu wake, akutama zipewa ndi moyera-a mapiri. maso ake anafotokoza maganizo kwambiri ndi kudzoza. Ena mafani chosema ankaganiza kuti chipilala wolemba ndakatulo Lermontov akuonetsedwa ndithu chisoni ndi wonyansa, ndi mbali lakuthwa. Pa nthawi imeneyo, monga zithunzi za nkhani yake zambiri za softness. Komabe, chilengedwe cha wojambula mu njila munthu ndi kuzindikira ndi kumanzere chokongoletsera mzinda.

Chipilala cha Muraviev-Amur

Kukula yaikulu pomanga chisanadze chosintha Russia ndi ntchito Opekushin (mamita 16 mkulu) wakhala chipilala Kuŵerenga Muraviev-Amur - kazembe wa kum'mawa Siberia. Atamwalira mu 1881, Mfumu Alexander III anaganiza mwambo idzatha. Choncho, m'chaka cha 1886, iye analengeza mpikisano Osema. Mwa iwo unali "golide atatu" Mikeshin, Antokolsky ndi Opekushin.

Project Alexander anazindikira zinthu zabwino. Bookmark chipilala chinachitika mu 1888, ndipo patapita zaka zitatu izo mwalamulo lidatseguka Khabarovsk ndipo anaika pa Khabarovsk phompho. Chithunzi achiyesa anaima pa olankhulira maso ake mwachindunji kwa China. pedestal ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi mipukutuyi asanu chikumbutso ndi mayina a alonda ndi anthu wamba omwe nawo mwakhama inalowa ku dera Amur la Russia. Komabe, mu 1925, mogwirizana ndi "Watsimikiza pa zipilala za," chipilala anatengedwa pansi ndipo anaikidwa nyumbayi, ndipo kenako kudula kwa zidutswa.

kukongoletsa chosema

A malo apadera ntchito za kukongoletsa chosema Opekushin azigwira. Zinali iye amene anali chinthu nthaŵi zonse wake, kusintha ndipo akuluakulu kupeza ndalama. Ndi kuyamika Alexander ake ali mwana anali kutchulidwa modelers luso.

Ataphedwa mwaluso anatsalira-ziboliboli ndi wotchuka kanjedza asanu ndi awiri kwa chipilala kuti Catherine II ku St. Petersburg anauzidwa kuti apereke Opekushin Royal Makomo a iconostasis mu Cathedral kwa kuuka kwa Akufa. Ndipo iye analimbana ndi izo mwaluso.

njira zimathandizadi ndi chinyezimiro mochenjera makhalidwe anati mu busts chithunzi, amene analengedwa ndi ziboliboli ndi. Ntchito zina zitetezo za ziboliboli kukongoletsa luso kutsindika expressiveness luso mafano ndi kukongola, mizere zofewa.

Mphotho ndi maudindo

• Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa Imperial Academy of Tirhana Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich analandira mphoto yake yoyamba - ndi Mendulo siliva - chifukwa ntchito yabwino Ya chosemacho pa mutu m'Baibulo.
• Mu 1864, chifukwa cha zina zachidule ziboliboli "Belisarius" ndi "Cupid ndi Psyche" ziboliboli analimbikitsa neklassnogo wojambula. Patapita zaka zisanu iye analimbikitsa kuti udindo uwu kwa kalasi wojambula madigiri 2, ndipo kenako analandira digiri 1.
• Kupambana kwambiri unali mutu wa academician, amene Opekushin anali kupereka mu 1872. Imperial Academy of Wabwino Tirhana m'gulu mu gawo chifukwa cha maphunziro ake apamwamba ndi chidwi boma mtundu ntchito: a kugwira wa Korona Prince ndi fano Petra Velikogo.
• Mu chaka chomwecho, Alexander Mikhailovich Society of Naturalists anali kupereka ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi kwa chiwerengero cha ntchito thematic.
• Opekushin kupambana anali pa mlingo lonse. Chimodzi mwa zomwe kwambiri inali mphoto yoyamba, analandira ndi mu Estonia, Tartu (ndiye Dorpat) kwa chilengedwe cha chipilala kuti Karl Baer. Opekushin ndime ndi mpikisano panafika Osema ku Europe ndi America.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Mu 1978, pokumbukira ziboliboli ndi (chikumbutso wake 140th) linatulutsidwa zithunzi (luso) envelopu ndi chithunzi cha pa obverse lapansi.
• Mu 1986, zakuthambo Lyudmila Chernykh anapeza asteroid, lomwe limatchedwa pambuyo ziboliboli Russian.
• Kuyambira mu 1993, anthu otchuka kwambiri chikhalidwe anapereka chaka Yaroslavl mphoto dzina lake Opekushin.
• Mu 2013 anafalitsa buku Olgi Davydovoy za moyo ndi ntchito ya zosemasema ya. Mwa njira, wolemba mobwerezabwereza lofalitsidwa essays za Opekushin. Bukuli limafotokoza za nthawi yofunika kwambiri pa moyo ndi ntchito ya ambuye lalikulu. Kulenga panatenga zaka pafupifupi 30. Ndipo chifukwa chofalitsa anatumikira awiri monga masiku kuti: 175th chikumbutso cha kubadwa Opekushin (malinga ndi njira, anabadwa mu 1833) ndi chikumbutso 90 la imfa yake.

PS

Mwachitsanzo ankasonyeza dziko Opekushin dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich, mbiri yake ndi zina zomwe paluso - alidi chintchito serf a. Iye anali mmodzi wa oyamba kupita motsutsana ndi dongosolo la chikhalidwe, natsimikizira kuti udindo uliwonse chikhalidwe kapena kukaniza ina sizimathandiza kupewa munthu kuchita zinthu mumakonda ndi kulenga chinachake wokongola, muyaya kusiya kukumbukira yokha pa dziko lino lapansi. Ndipo mulole Russian ziboliboli pambuyo matamando ambiri ndi maudindo anaiwalika kwa zaka zingapo, otsutsa kukhulupirira njira yake mu yaikulu sculptural luso mwapadera kwambiri ndipo alibe malire pamtima.