Orda kunja - msonkho zonse kwa Golden gulu

Orda linanena bungwe - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito odziwika bwino kwambiri zinalili mu Russia kwa XIII kuti XV atumwi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, alimi anali akubuula kulemera kwa Mongol-Chitata goli, limene anawonjezera komanso msonkho lolipiridwa ndi akalonga m'deralo. Zinali imodzi mwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu Russian. Russ anali wamira mu magazi a alendo anawazunza ndi zipolowe za anthu wamba.

malipiro dongosolo la msonkho

Pa chiyambi cha XIII m'ma Russian pansi izo owazidwa magazi, kutenthedwa midzi yonse ndi m'midzi. Kuyambira zankhanza wa asilikali wa gulu Golden anali yothawira, anakumana ndi anthu a makalasi osiyanasiyana ndi mibadwo. Rusichi amachita kokha ndi chakuti nyumba anamanganso ndi yolimba midzi. Koma posachedwapa asilikaliwa anazindikira kuti kuukira kuthetsa si ndakuwonetserani, chifukwa anthu wotopa, osauka, alibe nthawi kusonkhanitsa zokolola. Ndi pamene gulu ndi njira polima. Msonkho - mpaka kalekale, atathana revenues ku cuma, alibe kuukira aliyense.

Mu 1257 anachita kalembera wa anthu, kotero Mongol-Chitata ankadziwa zimene ukulu monga iwo ayenera kulipira udindo. A msonkho kwa chiguluchi Golden anali kupita kumtunda, banja, khasu, ndipo anthu ankafunika kupereka chindapusa njuchi, nsomba, kusaka mbalame ndi nyama. kuti anatsatira gulu mayunitsi asilikali, aliyense ukulu ili abwanamkubwa-Baskakov, omwe anasonkhana msonkho.

Amene aphimbidwa utumiki?

Orda anachita pa mayiko onse a maukulu Russian, ntchito analipira zonse. The kuchotserapo anali oyimira wa Mpingo Byzantine Orthodox. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi lophweka - chiguluchi anali mu mgwirizano ndi Byzantium, ndi kuwononga iwo chifukwa cha chilakolako phindu palibe amene akupita. Komanso, Mpingo wa Orthodox waphunzitsa anthu odzichepetsa, ndipo iyo inali yopindulitsa Mongol-Chitata. Okhulupirira wamba mwakachetechete analekerera pamaso pa alendo m'madera awo, popanda kudandaula anapereka gawo la zokolola. Ndipotu, muyenera kumvera agonjetsi, chifukwa chifuniro chonse cha Mulungu ...

Kukula kwa msonkho wa

Ordynsky zokolola pamodzi ndalama. Kuyambira pa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia a dongosolo lawo ndalama sikanayambidwe Mongolian. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ntchito ku Middle Ages kwa amphawi Russian anali wokwera, koma ngati mlandu gulu? Msonkho pachiyambi amatchedwa chakhumi. Monga dzina zikusonyeza, zikuonekeratu kuti anthu alipire 1/10 zopeza zawo.

Nkhani kupulumuka amadziwika kuti 1275 analanda ndi "chikhasu" mu polugrivne siliva 1384 - ndi mudzi wa polrublya, mu 1408 - ndi "chikhasu" theka ruble. Tikumbukenso kuti m'mudzi ndi "pulawo" ndipo hryvnia, ndi ruble - chinthu chomwecho. Tidziwanso kuti pa XIII - zaka XV kukula kwa msonkho sichinasinthe. Komanso, Mongol-Chitata anasonkhana ntchito m'malo pachaka kamodzi pa zaka 7. Ndithudi, izo zinali zodula, chifukwa mu nthawi ino kudziunjikira yabwino kuchuluka, koma asilikaliwa adamfunsa osati kwambiri - za 1.5% ya ndalama.

malipiro kuchotsa

Ngakhale kuti msonkho zonse, limene linali pamodzi Russia kwa Khan wa Golden gulu, kuchuluka sanali kwambiri, alimi zambiri anakhalabe kwathunthu popanda mbewu, ndipo njira ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha uchimo anali Komanso mlandu ndi akalonga m'deralo. Anthu amene analephera kubweza mwachindunji kuchuluka kusanduka akapolo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu wamba anayamba kuukira kuwukirana kunachitika mu Rostov, Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Suzdal. Kumene, iwo achotsa, ndiye magazi ambiri amatayika, komabe gulu anasiya dongosolo baskachestva ndi msonkho zosonkhanitsira kuti ankatembenukira pa mapewa a akalonga. Malipiro a mangawa kwa Golden gulu chinakhalapo mpaka m'ma XV. Pamenepo akalonga ngakhale anatola msonkho kwa anthu, koma sanali kupita nako khans, ndi Yohane V. III ndi kwathunthu anasiya kulipira linanena bungwe gulu.