Aleksey Plescheev: yonena. Zaka moyo ndakatulo ndi Pleshcheeva

Nikolay Alekseevich Plescheev, yonena zomwe zakambidwa mwachidule m'nkhani, ndi nthumwi wakale wa ku Russian anzeru za m'ma XIX. Iye anali mlembi, ndakatulo, womasulira, zolembalemba, wotsutsa, chikhalidwe womenyera ufulu ndi chosintha.

Chiyambi cha ulendo wa moyo

Pleshcheeva moyo linadzaza ndi zochitika, wolemera mu mfundo wosaiwalika. Anabadwa wolemba m'banja, amene anali ndi banja wakale mfulu. chochitika yosangalatsa zinachitika m'nyengo yozizira oyambirira 1825 mu Kostroma. Kuyambira mu 1826 banja loyamba ankakhala Nizhny Novgorod, kumene utumiki wothandiza wa bambo wolemba ndakatulo unasamutsidwa. Koma posakhalitsa, mutu wa banja umafa, ndipo mnyamata anakhalabe mu chisamaliro cha mayi wake.

Mu 1839, tsogolo ndakatulo Pleshcheev nazo anasamukira ku moyo mu Petersburg. Apa anaganiza kuti adzipereke moyo wake usilikali ndipo amapita kusukulu alonda boma ensigns ndi apakavalo cadets. Koma, popeza anaphunzira ku sukulu ya zaka ziwiri, mnyamata amazindikira kuti si cholinga chake. Iye akuchoka sukulu ndipo akulowa University of St. Petersburg pa mbiri komanso cha nzeru za luso. The phunziro la ake kum'mawa zinenero.

Circle Pleshcheeva bwino pa nthawi ino kale lonse, ngakhale mnyamatayu. Amadziwa anthu amenewa wotchuka ngati Pletnev, Grigorovich, Krajewski, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin.

ntchito panja

Mu zaka za m'ma XIX mwa achinyamata lolemera izo ankaona yapamwamba kukhala zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe chikhalidwe, zibonga, maphwando. Ine sindikufuna kukhala padera kwa mumaganiza amakono ndi achinyamata Pleshcheev. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo ndi zonse zokhudza sachita m'mabungwe oterewa, kuphatikizapo chosintha kwambiri. masewera onsewa anali mokhudza ndi kukhudzanso mwachindunji pa tsoka la ndakatulo iyi.
Mwachitsanzo, mchikakamizo cha zotsatira za Beketov amene anatsogolera limodzi la magulu wophunzira, Pleshcheev chidwi maphunziro awo ndipo anasiya yunivesite mu 1845 popanda kumaliza maphunziro. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anayamba kusonkhana Petrashevsky makapu. Koma chidwi chapadera pa ndakatulo wamng'ono anali makapu Durov, kutsogozedwa osati mochuluka andale zinthu zolembalemba.

Ntchito oyambirira

Pleshcheeva ndakatulo anayamba kuoneka kulisindikiza kuyambira 1844, makamaka mabuku zinkadziwika monga "Mfundo za Lathu", "Contemporary", "zolembalemba boma yotchedwa Gazette", "Library Kuwerenga". ndime zokhudza m'nyengo yoyambirira ya zilandiridwenso, ankaona kuti zotsatira za ntchito ya Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova.

Ndakatulo Pleshcheeva chibadidwe cholinga cha chisoni, kusungulumwa, zachikondi. Mu theka lachiwiri la makumi anai ndi lyric ndakatulo wodzala ndi mphamvu ya Zionetsero, kuitana kuti amenyane kusalungama ndi kuponderezana. Khalidwe chosintha andakatulo Pleshcheeva zinaonedwa ndi mafani onse a talente yake, ndi akuluakulu a boma.

zaka za ukapolo

Mu 1849 mu Moscow, pamodzi ndi ena ufulu anzeru amene anali Petrashevists, iye anagwidwa ndi Pleshcheev. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo apindula ndi tsamba wina wa moyo. Atamangidwa wake kupita mu mpanda wa St. Petersburg, kumene m'ndende kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. December 22 pa perete pansi pa chilango Semenov kuyembekezera, zomwe pa mphindi yotsiriza m'malo ndi zaka zinayi ntchito ya kalavulagaga, walekana ndi ufulu onse a udindo cholowa ndi udindo.

Pleshcheev anatumizidwa ku mzinda wa Uralsk, mu osiyana Orenburg Corps, monga payekha. Kuyambira 1852 utumiki zinachitika mu Orenburg, kumene kuyenera wapadera iye anakwezedwa udindo wa wapolisi sanali kupatsidwa ulamuliro, ndi udindo wa mkulu wa mu 1856 unabwezeretsedwa. Mu 1857, Nikolayu Alekseevichu Plescheevu anabwezedwa ndipo mutu wa m'banja lachifumu.

M'zaka za ukapolo ndakatulo ndi kufupi ndi anthu pafupi ndi iye mu mzimu, monga Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, ndakatulo Mikhailov, Polish boma. Ndipo kusintha mawu a ndakatulo iyi. Ndakatulo pali kudzipereka, kudzikonda tione mbali zina za moyo. Pa nthawi akutifikiranso mkombero wa ndakatulo zokhudza chikondi nyimbo. Ankachitira ndi mkazi tsogolo la Nikolai.

pambuyo limasonyeza

Zaka moyo ndakatulo ndi Pleshcheeva akhoza kugawidwa m'mbali awiri - isanayambe kapena itatha kugwirizana. Nthawi imene Pamakhala mavuto okha mtima makhalidwe a ndakatulo iyi, koma sizinamupange iye maganizo pang'onopang'ono.

Mu 1858 Pleshcheev akadzafika mu St. Petersburg ndipo anakumana pano ndi Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Nekrasov. Mu 1859, iye anasamukira ku moyo mu Moscow. Apa iye zimayesetsa ntchito zolembalemba. Pa recital kuti Pleshcheev anakonza m'nyumba yake, panali oimira wotchuka kwambiri wa anzeru Russian, monga Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Turgenev, Pyotr Tchaikovsky ndipo ambiri olemba ena, olemba ndakatulo, zisudzo, oimba.

ntchito yophunzitsa

zaka zambiri Pleshcheeva moyo anali odzipereka kwa ntchito yophunzitsa, adali ndi lathu pedagogical. Mu 1861, pamodzi ndi Berg anafalitsa anthology "Buku Ana" mu 1873, mu co-ntchito ndi Alexandrov limapezeka chopereka kwa ana, amene anaika ntchito bwino mabuku Russian Agiriki ndi amakono. Kuwonjezera mabuku zolembalemba, pa njira imene Pleshcheeva zilipo zopereka maphunziro ndi zothandiza pa mapiri ake. Total kwakonzedweratu ndi mabuku asanu a nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Novelist komanso womasulira

M'zaka Pleshcheeva moyo, pamene ntchito yomasulira mabuku, iye anasonyeza talente yake yonse zolembalemba. Ambiri ndime Mabaibulo ku French, German, English, zinenero Asilavo, anapanga Nikolaem Alekseevichem, chimaonedwabe bwino. Nthawi zambiri, wolemba ndakatulo ananyamula ntchito zimene palibe munthu pamaso pake sanali kumasulira mu Russian. Peru Pleshcheeva anali ndi mabaibulo sayansi mitu mbiri ndi sociological. Zolembalemba mlandu komanso chidwi ndi Z, iye wapatsidwa udindo wapadera mu ntchito yake.

Mu ntchito yolenga a ndakatulo iyi sanadzisiyira ntchito pa prose. Koma ayenera kuti analenga mankhwala sanagwiritse panthaŵi miyambo. Ena mwa nkhani lalifupi komanso mabuku angatchedwe autobiographical.

Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti zaka za moyo wolemba ndakatulo wa Pleshcheeva anadzazidwa ndi zochitika owala, misonkhano, chibwenzi, masewera, sitinganene za tsankho la Nikolai zisudzo. Pleshcheev yekha anali wowerenga kwambiri. Iye ankadziwa ndipo anakonda zisudzo. Kuchokera cholembera a ndakatulo iyi mwa sewerolo, amene anaikidwa pa magawo a zisudzowo dziko kutsogolera.

zolembalemba cholowa

Nikolay Alekseevich Plescheev, amene yonena zitha kuyambitsa kusirira mbadwa, anasiya chuma chikhalidwe cholowa.

Choyambirira ndipo ankamasulira ndakatulo Pleshcheeva chidwi nyimbo zake. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo sanapite amaona analemba chachikulu Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Cui, Gretchaninov, Rachmaninoff. Oposa zana ntchito ndakatulo a ndakatulo amaika nyimbo, monga zidutswa za luso. 13 pachiyambi ndi Mabaibulo 30 a masewero ku Peru Nikolaya Alekseevicha. Ena mwa iwo ndi tsopano mbali ya repertoire ochitira masewero ku dziko.
Mazana Pleshcheeva ntchito ndakatulo lofalitsidwa mu anthologies. Ambiri anakhala zapamwamba ali m'gulu la anthology kuwerenga mabuku.

Moyo anafupikitsa Pleshcheeva September 26, 1893 mu Paris, koma anaikidwa mu Moscow Nikolai.