Ozizira mphepo pa Western

70% ya dziko lapansi zatenga World Ocean. Iwo amakhala zoyenda mchikakamizo cha zotsatira yaitali kapena yochepa ya chiyambi zosiyanasiyana. magulu amenewa a misa yaikulu madzi ndi amadza padziko lonse nyengo mu gawo ili la dziko ndi nyengo yonse ya Earth. Mu cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi, kukhudzana umenewu ndi wamphamvu ozizira panopa, yotchedwa West Mphepo Kuthetsa.

Zimayambitsa mafunde nyanja

World nyanja madzi mu zigawo zosiyana za dziko zimasiyanasiyana kutentha, kachulukidwe, amenewa, mtundu, ndi sitikumuona kukhala yense limodzi. Kupita kaŵirikaŵiri amayamba ndi zotsatira kuphatikiza a magulu angapo kuchita mosiyanasiyana pa kuya osiyana.

Pamwamba pa nyanja mafunde a chinthu chachikulu cha maphunziro - mphepo ofala. Mphepo ya mwera omwe malangizo ndi zonse, wotchedwa chinthu chachikulu chomwe mapangidwe mitundu iwiri yaikulu malangizo yosungira kwa nthawi yaitali: kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kunyanja mafunde. Iwo kupopa madzi kunja kwa mzinda kumadzulo ya Atlantic ndi Pacific, kumene, malinga ndi mawonekedwe a m'maiko, mitsinje munthu anapanga. Anapanga kufalitsidwa, amene amathandiza kuphatikizapo mphepo yamvula imene imaomba m'chilimwe ndi nyanja ku dziko, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - M'malo mwake.

Ofunda ndi kuzizira

Nyanja - Global mpweya wofewetsa wa dzikoli, amene ali modes angapo kutentha. Mulinso mitundu ina ya lamulo translational wa madzi kusiyanitsa otaya ofunda ndi ozizira. nyanja otaya Kutentha - malire koma wachibale. Konzekera izo zimapanga chilengedwe ozizira, chimfine - otaya zigawo usavutike nyanja ndi mu nyengo yotentha.

Childs otaya imatsogoleredwa kuchokera equator, kuchokera M'madera a zitunda mkulu m'munsi - ofunda. Ngati mtsinje wabadwa kum'mwera kapena kumpoto kwa dziko ndi kumenya madzi dera ozizira, ndi - chimfine panopa.

Relativity kutentha mafunde khalidwe nyanja kuonekera chitsanzo cha mafunde awiri nyanja, ili mbali ina ya dziko. Gulf Stream - wotchuka nyanja kukhazikitsa nyengo kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, kutentha madzi ndi mu zosiyanasiyana 4-6 ° C ndi ukukamba ofunda, umatsuka mkangano kumtunda. Wamphamvu ozizira panopa ndi Benguela - wina wa nthambi ya West Mphepo Kuthetsa. Ndi Cape izo amanyamula madzi, usavutike 20 ° C.

Pa malire a Antarctic

Kayendedwe zikuluzikulu za madzi mu zigawo kumalo ozizira a Chigawo cha kum'mwera - amphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansili. Iwo apanga Antarctic Circumpolar (Latin circum - mozungulira + polaris - kumalo ozizira) mkati, mphete mosalekeza lazungulira dziko kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa. Lalikulu ozizira otaya - okhutira yaikulu ya makonzedwe maphunziro Hrs - a Southern Ocean, popangidwa ndi madzi a Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic nyanja ozungulira Antarctica.

M'mphepete mwa Africa chimodzi, mu 55 ° kumpoto chakum'mwera, kumalire a kum'mwera kwa mipita makonzedwe mtsinje, ndi kumpoto akuthamanga pamodzi kufanana 40. Pamphambano ya madzi ozizira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja Africa kum'mwera ataphimbidwa ndi ayezi ndi otentha kum'mwera nyanja masamba anabadwa mphepo wamphamvu wa Southern lapansi.

wobangula makumi anai

Ichi ndi dzina lina ali padziko lapansi kwa mphepo Western.

M'madera a zitunda, imene amayendetsa yaikulu ozizira panopa, anawatumiza maudindo angapo kwambiri. "Wobuma 'makumi anai anazungulira" kuchema "ndi" mchitidwe "ndi makumi asanu ndi" kuboola "wa zaka zao za sikisite. Wapakati mphepo liwiro m'dera - 7-13 m / s. Beaufort mphepo wotchedwa mwatsopano ndi amphamvu, monga mphepo ndi mvula yamkuntho aakulu (25 m / s) - chinthu mwachizolowezi.

Wamphamvu ozizira circumpolar panopa, si kukumana ndi zopinga chokhala, wamphamvu ndi kulimbikira kumadzulo mphepo anapanga ufulu wa yachidule kwa sailboats. Apa kuyala "njira ya clipper", dzina lake kotero kuti ngalawa lembani tsenivshihsya kwa yobereka kudya katundu atsamunda ku India ndi China ku Europe. Wotchuka "tiyi" clipper mu kaundula XVIII-XIX zaka liwiro, ngati iwo anatha bwinobwino zombozi kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Africa ndi South America.

M'lifupi, kutalika, mlingo otaya

M'madzi kwa Kumwera mphepo kutalika okwana 30,000 kuchokera 1000 Km m'lifupi ali ndi mphamvu (volumetric otaya mlingo) - .. 125-150 sv (svedrupov), mwachitsanzo otaya chimachititsanso yachiwiri kiyubiki mamita 150 zikwi za madzi. Izi zikufanana ndi mphamvu kuti ndi m'madera ena Gulf Stream. Mlingo otaya mu wosanjikiza pamwamba pa madzi nyanja - kuchokera 0.4 kuti 0,9 km / h, kuya - 0.4 km / h.

Madzi kutentha Antarctic Circumpolar Current ndi osiyana mu nthambi zake waukulu kunachitika nyanja atatu osiyana. The West Mphepo Kuthetsa ndi:

• Falkland ndi Benguela Current mu Atlantic.
• The West Australia - mu Indian Ocean.
• Pacific Peru panopa.

Kum'mwera kwa otaya mtsinje wa wosanjikiza chapamwamba ali 1-2 ° C kutentha, kumpoto - 12-15 ° C.

Padziko ndiponso m'katikati

Nyanja - limodzi chamoyo. Anapeza kuti makulidwe lonse la madzi nyanja likuyenda nthawi zonse. The kusamutsidwa yopingasa ndi lowonjezera ndi ofukula pamene adakweza zigawo zambiri kapena zochepa wandiweyani mkangano. Iwo akupitiriza kuphunzira kale kufikako mafunde kwambiri amakhala osiyana ndi malangizo a pamwamba.

Mu 2010, asayansi Japanese anapeza gombe la Antarctica m'dera la Adelie Land, ndi undercurrent amphamvu. Mu madzi Ross Nyanja uyenda kuchokela kusungunuka oundana kupanga pa akuya mamita 3000 otaya mphamvu miliyoni 30 mamita ³ / s. ikuyenda mlingo - 0,7 km / h, ndi kutentha madzi + 0,2 ° C. Izi panopa ozizira ku South Pacific.