Ubwino ndi mfundo za machitidwe a analyzers ndi mphamvu

Zamoyo zonse padziko Lapansi muyenera kudziwa za chilengedwe zimene zamoyo moyo, ndi munthu yotero. Kutheka kupeza zokhudza chilengedwe kupereka tcheru (kachipangizo) dongosolo. ntchito iliyonse, kwenikweni maganizo cholandilira akuyamba ndi mphamvu nzothandiza ndipo kusinthika ake ku zikhumbo mitsempha, ndi kupereka zikhumbo izi kudzera ubongo dera ubongo, zomwe otembenuka zilakolako mitsempha ndi zomverera zina zapadera monga Makutu, olfactory, zithunzi, chogwirika, ndi ena.

ndi analyzers ndi mphamvu waumunthu? Pa lino.

pa analyzers

Pa kafukufuku wa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kachitidwe imalandira Academician Pavlov , IP Iye analenga ntchito analyzers lapansi. Aliyense chowunikira m'magulu atatu: chapakati, zotumphukira ndi wochititsa.

A gawo la zolandilira zotumphukira kuimira - molekezera mitsempha kuti ali tcheru yekha zikuchitika ena mitundu kusankha. Iwo m'gulu n'chosangalatsa lolingana awo.

Analyzers ndi ziwalo imalandira: kapangidwe ndi ntchito zawo

The chowunikira ali ndi dongosolo lililonse. Amakhala Dipatimenti ndi lilime, mbali conductive ndi ofesi chapakati. Cholandilira kapena mbali zotumphukira wa chowunikira akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati cholandilira a. Iye amaona ndipo amachita processing chachikulu cha zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, yoweyula zogwira wapezeka ndi potelani khutu, kuwala - diso kuthamanga - zolandilira khungu.

Ziwalo zovuta nzeru (kulawa, masomphenya, kumva), kuwonjezera zolandilira, ndi pamaso pa nyumba wothandiza kwa maganizo wabwino wa kuwalimbikitsa ndi opaleshoni akatundu, kumatenda ndi ntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo, thandizo nyumba ya chowunikira zithunzi akupereka maso, pamene zithunzi zolandilira - yekha tcheru maselo (ndodo ndi cones). Zolandilira akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka kunja, amene anakonza pa kuyabwa thupi pamwamba ndi kuzindikira malo kunja ndi mkati cholinga kuyabwa chilengedwe mkati ndi ziwalo.

Kodi analyzers ndi mphamvu?

Division wochititsa chowunikira wasonyeza ulusi mitsempha kuti kuchititsa zikhumbo mitsempha chapakati mantha dongosolo ku cholandilira (Makutu, olfactory, chamawonedwe mitsempha, etc.).

Chapakati Front chowunikira amaimira gawo ena a kotekisi oziziritsa, imene kaphatikizidwe ndi kusanthula mfundo operekedwa ndi kachipangizo ndi kusintha izo mu zomverera yeniyeni (olfactory, zithunzi, etc.).

A chofunika ntchito wabwinobwino wa chowunikira ndi angatchedwe kukhulupirika kwa onse atatu a magulu ake. Kodi mphamvu ndi analyzers? More pa pansipa.

Ntchito ya chowunikira zithunzi

The cholandilira mbali ya nyumba izi zikuimira diso. zochita mankhwala pano kupanga zimachitika magetsi yomwe umadutsa mitsempha chamawonedwe, ndipo ntchito mu occipital Lobe kotekisi.

Ntchito ya chowunikira Makutu. Cholandilira khutu pano. The gawo lakunja la ilo kuwomba, pafupifupi chichitike. Mbendera amasuntha pamodzi mitsempha Makutu ku ubongo, lobes wake mwakanthawi.

Ntchito ya chowunikira olfactory. The epithelium olfactory chimakwirira Kakhungu lamkati la mphuno. Adazindikira mamolekyulu fungo, izo zimachita kulenga zikhumbo mitsempha.

Ntchito kukoma analyzers. kukoma kwawo masamba ndi - tcheru mankhwala ndi maselo amene amathandiza kuti zinthu mankhwala.

Pali chogwirika, kutentha, ululu analyzers - komanso zigwirizana zolandilira pa khungu. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mfundo yonena za "mphamvu" ndi "analyzers".

chiwalo cha masomphenya

Kuchuluka lalikulu kwambiri zokhudza dziko kunja imafalikira munthu kupyolera limba m'maso, umene ndi maso, chomwe ndi zida wothandiza ndipo diso. Mwana wa diso ili mu gawo kutsogolo kwa chigaza mu recess-mozungulira, kuteteza ake zikope chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi zisaonongeke makina, komanso nsidze ndi zolosera mazunzo, mphuno ndi malar mafupa cranial.

Analyzers ndi mphamvu anthu apadera.

Mu ngodya za zitsulo diso ndi verhnenaruzhnogo zopangitsa lacrimal kuti secrete lacrimal madzimadzi, misozi, facilitates kayendedwe ka zikope za, wetting pamwamba pa mwana wa m'diso la. Mu ngodya mkati ati misozi owonjezera, imagwera mu ducts kuichotsa kenako kuti patsekeke m'mphuno a nasolacrimal ritsa. Six extraocular minofu kulumikiza mwana wa diso ndi fupa mpanda wa mpita ndi mpata kayendedwe mmwamba, pansi, chammbali.

Atatu chipolopolo khoma kupanga mwana wa m'diso: fibrous (kunja), mtima (pafupifupi) ndi diso kapena reticulated (mkati). Chipolopolo akunja ndi zina, mbali kumbuyo ndipamene sclera (tunica wandiweyani khungu), chitadutsa mu kutsogolo mandala Kakhungu kuti ndi permeable kuwala, - cha diso. Phata la sclera limateteza diso nasunga mawonekedwe ake. Diso kuyamwitsa ziwiya magazi, amene ali olemera mu choroid lapansi. Iris, ndiye kutsogolo kwake, inki, ndipo izi ndiyo mtundu wa pigment, amene ali diso. Choncho anakonza analyzers ndi ziwalo imalandira.

Chipinda kutsogolo kwa diso

The zapambuyo chipinda - danga pakati pa Iris ndi diso, vyazkovatoy wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kumbuyo Iris ndi biconvex mandala wa mamilimita 10 awiri - zotanuka ndi poyela mandala. Iwo Ufumuyo kwa ciliary minofu, limene lili mu choroid lapansi. Ngati maganizo a Mitsemphayi ndi yafupika, i.e. ndi ciliary minofu pansi, disolo umakhala otukukira kunja chifukwa resiliency ake ndi elasticity, ndi mosemphanitsa, disolo amakhala thicker pa amveke tensioning Mitsemphayi.

Chipinda kumbuyo kwa diso wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo lili pakati pa mandala ndi Iris. Pakuti mandala wa diso M'mimbamo ladzala ndi gelatinous misa mandala, otchedwa vitreous thupi, amene anafuna kukhala mawonekedwe a mwana wa diso, ndi kuupereka kwa kusinthasintha ndi, kuwonjezera, kulankhulana ndi sclera ndi choroid diso. Izi ndi mfundo za ntchito ziwalo ndife analyzers.

The diso

Retin-A, kapena ukonde ngati mkati chipolopolo ndi zovuta kwambiri dongosolo. Ndi mizere mpanda wa diso kuchokera mkati. Ake zimapanga mitsempha mathero a mitsempha chamawonedwe, cholandilira (photosensitive) maselo (ndodo ndi cones) ndi maselo inki kuti zili wosanjikiza kunja kwa diso. Black wosanjikiza banga pigment amakuona mwa kutsegula kwa mwana wa. Apa mmene ntchito mphamvu ndi analyzers.

Diso kuganizira zida kuwala. kuwala refracting ake dongosolo chikukhudza: thupi vitreous, disolo, ndi amadzimadzi madzi kumbuyo ndi zipinda kutsogolo diso. Aliyense mchitidwe kuwala a dongosolo chimadutsa ndi kunyezimira kuwala ndi refracted, kugwa pa diso ndi kupanga kukalowa ndi kuchepetsedwa chifanizo cha zinthu zooneka ndi maso.

Kodi analyzers umanena mphamvu, tsopano bwino.

Limagwirira wa photoreception

The diso lili 130 miliyoni ndodo ndi cones 7 miliyoni. The pigment cones iodopsin alipo amene amalola kudziwa mtundu masana. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mitundu itatu, kukhala tilinazo kawalidwe kwa buluu, ofiira ndi obiriwira mitundu.

Ndodozo ndi cones (photosensitive zolandilira) atadziŵa cheza kuwala ndi zochita zovuta photochemical amene anatsagana ndi pogawanikana pamawere la inki zooneka ndi pawiri la. Zimenezi ndi photochemical zimene malemeredwe, zimafalitsidwa pa mitsempha chamawonedwe kwa zimachitika mawonekedwe mu diencephalon ndi midbrain (subcortical malo), ndi patsogolo mu Lobe occipital wa kotekisi oziziritsa ndi kusinthidwa mu zotengeka zithunzi. Mu mdima kubwezeretsedwa zithunzi wofiirira.

Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa chowunikira ndi ubale limba chiyani? More pa pansipa.

Ulamuliro wa Health

Zinthu zimathandiza kuti kuteteza:

• gwero kuwala kumanzere;
• kuntchito ayenera bwino anayatsa;
• kwa diso kubwerezanso phunziro mtunda ayenera kukhala pafupi 30-35 masentimita.

Komanso amatsogolera kuwonongeka kuŵerenga zoyendera (popeza zikusintha mtunda pakati pa disolo ndi buku kumabweretsa zofooketsa elasticity ciliary minofu ndi mandala), kapena atagona. Iwo ayenera kuteteza maso ndi ingress wa kuwala kwambiri, fumbi ndi tinthu ena. Pali n'kofunika ziwalo ndife analyzers. Biology mayeso adzatha pochitika lililonse.

limba kumva

Ya kumva limba ndi makutu pafupifupi gawo lakunja ndi makutu lamkati.

The khutu kunja zikuphatikizapo auricle ndi kunja ngalande Makutu, likalowa m'makutu mathero. The mawonekedwe a pinna akufanana ndi nyuzi wapangidwa ndi minofu fibrous, amene ataphimbidwa ndi khungu ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Kutalika kwa akunja Makutu ngalande -. 2-5 masentimita zopangitsa Specific Channel allocated sulfuric viscous madzi, kulepheretsa tizilombo ndi fumbi. The zotanuka zitani kuti 0,1 mamilimita likalowa m'makutu amalimbikitsa kulanda mu khutu pakati phokoso Phokoso.

Khutu pakati ili kuseri kwa likalowa m'makutu mwa fupa zosatha a Chigaza lapansi. Wake M'mimbamo tympanic ali voliyumu pafupifupi 1 masentimita ³ ndipo lili ossicles atatu: stapes, incus ndi malleus. Pambuyo Eustachian (Makutu) chubu chikugwirizana kwa tympanum nasopharynx. Anzanu mbali zonse za likalowa m'makutu ndi limagwirizana mwa chubu Makutu, komanso amakhala umphumphu.

ochepa kukula Makutu ossicles mawonekedwe unyolo makina ndi mzake. Malleus (yakumapeto kwenikweni, polumikizirana dzenje) chikugwirizana ndi nembanemba tympanic, ndipo mutu wake ndi Chipala ndi - ntchito olowa. Chipala, nayenso ali Ufumuyo stapes, ndipo - mpanda wa khutu lamkati. Makutu ossicles phindu ntchito imagwiridwa 20 nthawi ndi funde kufala lamayimbidwe kuti mkati mwa khutu likalowa m'makutu a.

Mpanda lamkati la tympanum, umene umawalekanitsa avareji khutu mkati ali mazenera awiri (mipata) - chowulungika ndi kuzungulirako, zolimba Kakhungu amene Kakhungu. The foramen ovale Kakhungu apuma stapes.

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi mphamvu ndi analyzers. Mayeso zamoyo Mwachitsanzo, lili ndi mafunso pa nkhani imeneyi.

Khutu mkati lili fupa wosakhalitsa, ndi dongosolo la njira ndi mphako, wotchedwa kukhotakhota. Pamodzi kupanga Bony kukhotakhota, ndi membranous kukhotakhota ili mkati. Pakati membranous kukhotakhota ndi danga fupa ladzala ndi madzi, wotchedwa perilymph.

Membranous kukhotakhota mkati ladzala ndi madzimadzi, wotchedwa endolymph. m'madipatimenti atatu zigwire khutu mumtima: ndi cochlea, chidwi semicircular ndi khonde. Ndi kumva limba akhoza zimachitika zokha cochlea - fupa njira spirally zopotoka 2.5 motsatana. M'mimbamo wa njira ndi chidagawika patatu ndi nembanemba awiri.

Kakhungu mmodzi, Kakhungu waukulu wapangidwa ndi minofu connective, wopangidwa mwa pafupifupi 24 zikwi ulusi ting'onoting'ono amayesetsa osiyana ndi anakonza transversely mayendedwe a cochlea lapansi. Ulusi yaitali ali pachimake pa cochlea, ndi yayifupi - pa maziko ake. ulusi Awa 5 mizere zvukochuvstvitelnyh maselo tsitsi ndi Kakhungu ❖ kuyanika kukula pamwamba pawo. Pamodzi, zinthu izi zimapanga chiwalo cha Corti, kuti ndi lilime zida za chowunikira Makutu.

Kusiyana pakati pa chowunikira ndi chiwalo kwenikweni ndi chowunikira amalandira mauthenga ochokera kwa chiwalo kwenikweni kuti azilandira izo ku dziko lakunja.

Limagwirira nzeru phokoso

nkhono zakumwa kusinthasintha njira kutenga stapes, amene apuma pa chowulungika zenera Kakhungu. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kusinthasintha mu nembanemba chachikulu kumveka ulusi. Kuphatikizapo mkulu phula zikumveka chifukwa Phokoso la fibrils lalifupi, zomwe zili m'tsinde mwa cochlea, pamene otsika phula amachititsa kusinthasintha ali pamwamba pa fibrils yaitali. Tsitsi maselo nthawi yomweyo kukhudza Kakhungu pogona, kusintha mawonekedwe ake.

Tsitsi maselo, kunena za ❖ kuyanika wa mawonekedwe kusintha Kakhungu. Zimenezi zimabweretsa malemeredwe ndi imafalikira ku mesencephalon mu mawonekedwe a nyemba ulusi Makutu mitsempha, ndi zambiri kumva zone wa kotekisi oziziritsa wa Lobe wosakhalitsa, kumene malemeredwe akulowa kutengeka Makutu. Khutu anthu angazindikire zikumveka pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana 20-20000 Hz.

Kumva Authority Health

Kupulumutsa mphekesera, m'pofunika kuteteza mawotchi likalowa m'makutu a. Khutu ngalande ndi makutu iyenela woyera. Ngati makutu anasonkhanitsa zotsala sulfure, m'pofunika funsani katswiri. Olimba phokoso zingawononge pa limba mmakutu. Nkofunika kuchitira chimfine m'nthawi yake, monga mwa M'mimbamo tympanic mwa chubu eustachian amatha kulowa mabakiteriya ndi imfayo kutupa. Takambirana analyzers ndi ziwalo tanthauzo anthu.

analyzers ena

Palinso chogwirika, gustatory ndi analyzers olfactory. Otchedwa kukhudza sakumvetsa khungu angapo zolandilira. Kukumana zolandilira zimapanga zotumphukira anapambulwa kukoma chowunikira (lilime, m'kamwa mucosa). The malo apamwamba mu ubongo. Olfactory chowunikira amalandira mauthenga ochokera zolandilira ili mu amphuno mucosa. Kununkhiza anthu anayamba kwambiri ofooka, mosiyana ndi nyama.

Chidwi ntchito zida za vestibular, asaaonerera pa udindo ndi lathu la thupi m'malere. Age ndi jenda bwanji dzuwa la analyzers. Mwachitsanzo, akazi amakhala bwino kuphunzira fungo ndi maganizo a mithunzi mtundu. Amuna kulawa masamba ntchito bwino.

Mtengo ziwalo ndife analyzers

ziwalo zimenezi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Popanda, kudzakhala kovuta kuti apulumuke. Amene bwino anayamba limba ubwenzi kapena chowunikira zinthu zimene anaona pa chitukuko ndi maganizo a dziko. Iwo sakudziwa oyendetsa okha m'malere. Njinga ntchito bwinobwino.