Panda - ndi chimbalangondo kapena raccoon? Kufotokozera Panda

Pa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono Panda dziko yekha zinadziwika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, ngakhale kuti ndi nyama wakale komanso yosowa kwambiri. Popeza chotulukira anayamba kuphunzira nyama chidwi ndi zachilendo. Koma patatha zaka ziwiri za kafukufuku zonse kwambiri za nyama izi Zatsala chinsinsi. Asayansi sangathe kubwera kwa kuuzidwa za gulu la nyama zimenezi. Vutoli kwambiri kukula chifukwa chakuti mitundu awiriwa ndi zosiyana pakati pa iwo. Choncho, tsopano n'zotheka kumva zambiri pa zokambirana pa nkhaniyi: "? Panda - ndi chimbalangondo kapena raccoon"

Kufotokozera chachikulu "nsungwi chimbalangondo"

Mtundu wa ziweto alandirika ku gulu la nyama, ndi detachment cha adani, banja ndi subfamily raccoon Panda. Koma si kale kufufuza Australia E. Tenniusom ali imachitika angapo nkhani ya morphological, cardiology, ethological ndi chikhalidwe amuzolengedwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira wasayansi anapeza kuti makhalidwe a sikisitini asanu Panda - ndi raccoon, ndi khumi otsalawo ndi osamvetseka kwa iye yekha.

Ngati tikambirana maonekedwe a nyama, ndi Panda Mosakayika kwambiri ngati chimbalangondo, osati popanda chifukwa limatchedwanso "nsungwi chimbalangondo". Ali ndi thupi chachikulu kuti zophimbidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. M'litali zimasiyanasiyana 1.1 kuti 1,9 m, ndi kulemera - kuchokera makilogalamu 75 140. Pamavuto ndi waufupi miyendo kuti kutha mu yoteroyo ikuluikulu ya nyama ndi chiombankhanga chachikulu.

Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa kwa yekha, mukhoza kuona kuti pa izo ndi pafupi ndi wina ndi chala ndi mapadi lapadera kutumikira nyama kusunga yosalala ndi yoterera nsungwi mapesi.

Mosiyana kubala, nyama zimenezi ali ndi mchira, amene kutalika ndi masentimita 13, ndipo mano ndi dongosolo lina. panda Premolar kuwona zitunda ndi tokhala zimene sizili mu alionse a mitundu ina zimbalangondo, ndipo mutu wa chachikulu ake ndi tupomordaya, ndi makutu lalikulu chilili.

Kufotokozera Panda mtundu umenewu wa limanena kuti iye ali ndi mtundu woyera ndi khalidwe pafupi diso wakuda mawanga ake, miyendo wakuda ndi mchira wa mtundu womwewo. Ndipo ngakhale mu maonekedwe izo akufanana ndi chimbalangondo, ndipo Komabe, ena mbali ya thunthu lake anakakamizika asayansi kukayikira. Malinga ndi iwo, nyama - nthumwi ya banja la raccoons, ndipo ena apeza monga osankhidwa mwapadera nyama.

Ikukhala ngati view ka nyama zosangalatsa?

mitundu, monga asayansi, amatanthauza raccoon, monga iye anali ndi mchira ndi milozo mitundu, monga kuipanikiza ndi mawonekedwe chigaza ndi kapangidwe ka mano. Ngakhale otulukira ake anali okonda kukhulupirira kuti panda wofiira - zambiri mphaka, lomwe lili ndi moto mtundu wofiira. Nyama imeneyi alinso subspecies awiri - Western ndi Chinese.

Izi nyama yaing'ono, mosiyana congeners lawo lalikulu, ali ndi thupi lake kutalika ndi pazipita masentimita 67 ndi mchira wa masentimita 47 ndi kulemera kwa osapitirira 6 makilogalamu. Choncho, ngati yankho la funso lakuti: "Panda - ndi chimbalangondo kapena ayi", ndiye tikhoza kunena kuti maonekedwe a nyama yaing'ono ndi wofiira odula mtundu anafotokoza zambiri raccoons, osati zimbalangondo.

inafikira

Panda moyo m'dera lamapiri mu mtima wa China. Amaonedwa kukhala m'nyumba ya m'madera a Sichuan ndi Tibet. moyo wawo wonse yaikulu mu nkhalango, kumene amalima makamaka nsungwi, iwo zili pamalo okwera mamita 1500-4600 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'dera limeneli, nyengo wokongola wofatsa ndi kutchulidwa nyengo zonse. Komanso, nyama amakhala malo ambiri ndi malo osungira nyama, kumene kuphunzira ndi kufufuza. Mu ukapolo nthawi ya moyo wawo ndi zaka 27, ndipo kuthengo ngakhale kochepa.

The panda wofiira amakhala ku China, Nepal, Bhutan ndi Myanmar. Iye amakhala, komanso congener wake wamkulu, m'dera lamapiri pamalo okwera mamita 4800. Izi ang'onoang'ono, yaing'ono nyama amakhala nkhalango ya Assam, komanso Sichuan ndi Yunnan zigawo. Nyama imeneyi amakhala zambiri kumalo osungira 86 mu dziko.

Ngakhale izi, kuti yaikuluikulu view ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake ndi maonekedwe awo, ndi asayansi amakhulupirira kuti Panda - chimbalangondo, ndi zina - ndi raccoon, iwo kutsogolera moyo chomwecho.

khalidwe

nyama zimenezi makamaka anthu amodzi. Zosiyana zitha ankamuona ngati nyengo mating ndi polera ana awo. anthu okhwima padziko m'deralo, malo pafupifupi zisanu mamita lalikulu, lomwe ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa zimbalangondo lapansi. Pofuna akusonyeza pamaso pawo, iwo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ndi fungo yeniyeni.

Panda, mosiyana ndi ang'ono yogwira nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku. Auburn congener ake kumabweretsa usiku ndi usana kugona mu mitengo, atazipiringiza ndi kupumula mutu wake pa milozo wake mchira chachikulu.

chakudya

Ambiri ndi wandiweyani m'nkhalango ya nsungwi - ndi chakudya cha lalikulu ndi nyama yaing'ono. mitundu makumi atatu zomera mlandu za 99 peresenti ya chakudya chawo. iwonso ndi kufuna kudya mitundu yonse ya zipatso, zipatso, mbewu ndi zipatso zokwana. Nthawi zina zikhoza kuyambitsa kusaka mbalame yaing'ono, zokwawa komanso makoswe.

Mu ukapolo, iwo kudyetsedwa ndi nsugwi chomwecho, komanso mabisiketi ndi tizilombo mphutsi. Panda - nyama imene ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa akhoza kudya chakudya udindo uliwonse wa thupi lake, ndipo ngakhale atagona.

kubalana

Toyesa a mitundu iwiri akhwime kugonana uli pafupi zaka zisanu, ndi kuyamba amamuchitira yekha pa seveni. Akazi pa nyengo yake mating, amene ranges kuchokera masiku awiri pa sabata, kupanga mapokoso okweza ndi mwachangu secrete fungo makamaka.

Zitatha izo kukudza mimba, amene kumatenga nyama zimenezi avareji kwa miyezi isanu. Kawirikawiri limodzi kapena awiri atabadwa maliseche Bakuman masekeli magalamu zosakwana 200 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 14 mpaka 16, zofanana ndi za zimbalangondo bulauni. Ngakhale kuti asayansi ndiribe kubwera mapeto momveka bwino zimene nyama - chimbalangondo kapena ayi, koma m'kati kubalana wa nyama ziwiri ndi ofanana mu chirengedwe.

chidzukulu

Pa kubadwa kwa ana awo, mitundu yonse ya zimbalangondo, wonyozeka ndi akhungu. The wamkazi wakweza ake ana agalu achinyamata ndi iye amachitira mosamala kwambiri ndi mosamala. Patangotha masiku ochepa pambuyo pa kubadwa kwawo, iye sasiya dzenje kwa miniti ngakhale kudya kapena kumwa. Mayi amaika ana ake m'chifuwa ake kwa nthawi khumi pa tsiku, ndi kudya amenewa kutalika pafupifupi theka la ola.

Kodi nyama zambiri amapezeka pa kubadwa kwa mapasa, koma wamkazi patapita kanthawi kusankha kwa iwo mwana wabwino kwambiri ndi kupitiriza kusamalira za izo, ndipo chachiwiri, motero, zosasamaliridwa akamwalira. Mkaka wa m'mawere nthawi nyama zimenezi kumatenga 45 milungu, ndi kukhala achinyamata ndi amayi awo mpaka akafika zaka zitatu.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Iwo likukhalira kuti panthawi yoyamba kuti asayansi phunziro kufufuza pa view lalikulu la nyama zimenezi, hadapidziwa tayu kwa nthawi yaitali, nyama - awa ndi ndani, kuti ngakhale nyama. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono iwo anazindikira kuti ndi raccoon, koma kukula kwambiri.

Patapita nthawi, akatswiri ena anatsutsa maganizo amenewa, monga mwa mayesero majini chinapezeka mtundu ali kwambiri ndi zimbalangondo.

Koma panda wofiira, asayansi ambiri analemba iwo onse m'maganizo kunitsepodobnomu, chomwe ndi banja la martens, komanso raccoon ndi Kanyimbi.

Ngakhale, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, subspecies awiriwa ndipo iwo ali magulu osiyanasiyana, koma aliyense komanso ndi kufanana ena. Mwachitsanzo, onse ndi chimodzi Panda "zoyerekeza-chala", ili yoteroyo awo kutsogolo. Iye ndi yokulirapo kuposa zina zisanu. Ndipotu, gawo ili la thupi ndi dzanja fupa ataphimbidwa ndi khungu. Kapangidwe Izi zimathandiza zinyama bwino kusunga mbewu nsungwi.

udindo kusamala

Mwatsoka, nyama ndi pafupi kutha, kotero mndandanda ndi lopangidwa la International Red Book. Izi zimachitika pa zifukwa zambiri. Tsitsi lofiyira moyo Panda si anthu chidwi kwambiri ngati ubweya wake. Chifukwa cha ichi, icho chinali nthawi zonse kukasaka, makamaka Nepal. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwapa chiwerengero cha mitundu anakhala pang'onopang'ono achire.

Panda ndi kuteteza ndi chilamulo, chimene chiwonongeko cha nyama adzalangidwa ndi chilango cha imfa kapena chilango moyo m'ndende.

Ngakhale chirombo ichi ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo, linatsegulidwa, ndipo ngakhale China wakhala chuma dziko mu 1912 (molingana ndi malamulo a Republic), koma asayansi sangathe kubwera kwa mapeto yotsimikizika za nyama - chimbalangondo kapena raccoon. Choncho, kuphunzira nyama ulipobe.