Panzer Division. Panzer Division ndi USSR

M'zaka unawonongedwa wa mafilimu a kanema Soviet walenga kwambiri mafilimu pa zochitika za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Ambiri a iwo tikuyesera anakhudza mutu wa chisoni kwa dzinja 1941. Ndime imene magulu a asilikali Red Army, okhala ndi mfuti pa anthu ochepa, kukumanizana mantha akuopsa hulk a (udindo wawo tinkaika mchimake ndi plywood T-54 kapena makina ena amakono), kupezeka mu makanema zambiri. Popanda kukayikira mtima wa Red Army, wosweka Hitler makina ankhondo, mtengo kupenda mavuto ena dennye zowerengera kupezeka kwa owerenga Baibulo masiku ano chidwi mbiri. Wokwanira kuyerekeza dongosolo lokhazikika la kugawanika thanki ya Soviet Army ndi Wehrmacht, kuonetsetsa kuti lopondereza mphamvu ankhondo a ojambula zithunzi za siliva pounika ochepa pachabe. Ndi khalidwe lathu ndi wapamwamba pakhala mwayi kachulukidwe, zimaonekera makamaka theka lachiwiri la nkhondo.

Mafunso ayankhidwe

Panzer Division adafuna Moscow unachitika awo Panfilov wotchuka kapena ayi kampani wina wotchuka, ndipo nthawizina kulekana. Kodi ndi chinachitika kuti dziko, umene unachitikira mafakitale, wogwidwa cyclopean angathe mafakitale ndi chitetezo, anataya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi wa nkhondo mbali yaikulu ya m'gawo lake mamiliyoni nzika linalandidwa, ziwalo ndi akufa? Mwina Germany anali ndi akasinja wokhala? Kapena kapangidwe gulu la mayunitsi makina ankhondo kuposa Union? Funso nkhawa mbadwa zimzathu ndi atatu mibadwo pambuyo nkhondo. Yemweyo lopondereza German magawano thanki zosiyana ndi zathu?

Kapangidwe ka mphamvu Soviet oti muli nazo zida mu 1939-1940.

Mpaka June 1939, Red Army anali anayi thanki Corps. Pambuyo Commissar kazembe Anthu a silikhali E. A. Kulik anatsogolera ntchito kuyendera ntchito ya General Wogwila, anayamba ziŵalo dongosolo kugonjera za mtundu wa asilikali. The phukusi zifukwa kusintha kapangidwe zitha anaganiza, koma chifukwa anali cholengedwa 42 oyeretsa thanki, wogwidwa motero, zidutswa ochepa zipangizo. Ambiri mwina, cholinga cha kusintha zinayamba kutheka zogwiritsa ntchito kusinthidwa chiphunzitso asilikali, kupereka yokwaniritsira kwambiri ozama njira ntchito zolawula. Komabe, kale pofika kumapeto kwa chaka pa malamulo mwachindunji I. V. Stalina, lingaliro wakhala ndikusinthidwa. M'malo brigades inakhazikitsidwa osati kale oti muli nazo zida ndi makina Corps. Patapita miyezi sikisi, mu June 1940, chiwerengero adamukhudza naini. Kapangidwe ka aliyense wa malembedwe aantchito zolowetsa 2 akasinja 1 Moto Division. Akasinja, nayenso, inkakhala regiments ndi, Moto oyenda, zida zankhondo ndi awiri thanki mwachindunji. Choncho, Makina Corps anakhala zedi mphamvu. Iye anali nkhonya oti muli nazo zida (zoposa zikwi makina akuopsa) ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya zida zankhondo ndi oyenda thandizo ndi zomangamanga zonse zofunika, kuonetsetsa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya limagwirira chiphona.

mapulani prewar

Soviet thanki Chigawo cha nthawi prewar anali atakonzekera ndi makina 375. A akuchulukila yosavuta chithunzi ichi ndi 9 (nambala Corps makina a) akutsatiridwa ndi 2 (chiwerengero cha kugawikana casing la) amapereka zotsatira - 6750 magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Koma si onse. Mu 1940 chomwecho magulu awiri osiyana inakhazikitsidwa, inunso thanki. Ndiye zochitika chinayamba ndi impetuosity yosalephera. Ndendende miyezi inayi kuukira Nazi Germany, Red Army General Wogwila anaganiza kukhazikitsa makumi awiri zambiri makina Corps. dongosolo ndi kugwiritsa kwathunthu lamulo Soviet analibe nthawi, koma ndondomeko wayamba. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi nambala 17 wa thupi, adalandira mu 1943 chiwerengero 4. thanki Kantemirovskaya Division anakhala m'malo mwa ulemerero wa asilikali wagawo lalikulu lankhondo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chigonjetso.

Chenicheni cha mapulani Stalin

29 makina Corps magulu awiri, kuphatikiza ziwiri zambiri payekha. Total 61. Mu aliyense wa malembedwe aantchito mayunitsi 375, 28 okha zikwi 375 akasinja. Kuti pali dongosolo. Ndipo kwenikweni? Mwina kanjedza amenewa ndi mapepala ndi Stalin chabe ankafuna kuyang'ana pa iwo, ndi otchuka wake chitoliro kusuta?

Monga wa February 1941, Red Army naini makina Corps a anali pafupifupi 14,690 thanki. Mu 1941, Soviet makampani chitetezo opangidwa 6590 magalimoto. Kuphatikiza Chiwerengerochi, ndithudi, zosakwana 29 wofunikila nyumba (chimene ndi 61 thanki Division) 28 375 mayunitsi, koma kachitidwe chonse zikusonyeza kuti dongosolo ambiri ikuchitika. nkhondo inayamba, ndi moyenera, osati zomera zonse thalakitala akhoza kulimbana ntchito zonse. nthawi yomwe ikufunika kuchita mwamsanga achoke, koma Leningrad "Kirovets" chinali mu anatseka misewu ndi. Ndipo komabe iye anapitiliza kugwira ntchito. Wina thalakitala-oti muli nazo zida chimphona, HTZ, anali kulamulidwa ndi Anazi mu Kharkov.

Germany nkhondo isanayambe

asilikali Panzerwaffe pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Soviet Union wogwidwa akasinja kuchuluka kwa ndalama 5639. Lolemera sanali pakati pawo, T-I, m'gulu nambala iyi (panali 877), akhoza zimachitika kwambiri tančík lapansi. Popeza Germany anali pa nkhondo pa amadzibisa ena, ndi Hitler ankafuna kuonetsetsa pamaso pa asilikali ake ku Ulaya ndi Soviet Union, adatuma si onse zida zake, koma kwambiri za izo, pafupi 3330 makina wambiri. Kupatula zatchulidwazi Ti Nazi anali akasinja Czech (772 ma PC.) Ndi makhalidwe otsika kwambiri nkhondo. zipangizo zonse nkhondo isanayambe Anam'samutsira kumene analenga magulu anayi thanki. chiwembu iyi ya bungwe lasonyeza pa aukali Europe, koma Soviet Union anasonyeza kuti operewera. M'malo mwake, magulu a ku Germany posakhalitsa bungwe makamu, omwe anali thupi 2-3. magulu Wehrmacht thanki anali atakonzekera mu 1941, pafupifupi 160 magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Tikumbukenso kuti isanafike kuukira pa USSR, nambala yawo kawiri, popanda kuwonjezera okwana zombo, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuchepa zikuchokera aliyense wa iwo.

1942. Pantsergrenaderskie regiments magulu thanki

Ngati mu June ndi September 1941, magulu a German msanga patsogolo kwambiri ku gawo Soviet, ndi m'dzinja amanyansidwa mochedwa. Koyamba bwino, m'mawu chilengedwe yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda zigawo malire, zomwe wakhala kuchokera June 22 kutsogolo, chiwonongeko ndi kulanda m'matangadza lalikulu la Red Army, ndi adani a ambiri asilikali akatswiri ndi akazembe, kenako anayamba kuwachepera angathe. Ndi 1942, chiwerengero cha magalimoto ndodo litapita kwa mazana awiri, koma chifukwa cha zomvetsa katundu iwo sakanakhoza kukhala wina magawano. Thanki sitima Wehrmacht anataya zinthu zambiri kuposa iye akanakhoza kutenga monga kuwonjezeredwa a. Maalumali anayamba Sinthani dzina pantsergrenaderskie (iwo kawirikawiri awiri), amene kwakukulukulu kusonyeza zikuchokera awo. Oyenda chigawo akuyamba yakulamulira.

1943, kandalama Kusintha

Choncho, magawano German (thanki) mu 1943 inkakhala regiments awiri pantsergrenaderskih. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti aliyense battalion akhale asanu makampani (4 mfuti sapper 1), komabe kuchizidwa anayi. Pofika m'chilimwe zinthu anadwalika kwambiri, lonse thanki Regiment ili mu Chigawo (wina) ankakonda wa munthu battalion Pz Kpfw IV akasinja, ngakhale pa nthawi iyi mu utumiki panali "Panther» Pz Kpfw V, amene angathe kale zimachitika ku kalasi ya akasinja sing'anga. Njira yatsopano mwamsanga anabwera kutsogolo kwa Germany neobkatannoy zambiri amalephera. Izi zinachitika pakati kukonzekera "Opaleshoni Citadel", ndiye, wotchuka Nkhondo ya Kursk. 4. thanki Division anali ngati zofunika mwatsatanetsatane wagawo anali osiyana kachulukidwe zili zovuta, nkhani magalimoto 149 200 mu 1944, dziko la Germany pa East makamu Front thanki. Mu chaka chomwecho ankhondo thanki kwenikweni unasiya kukhala, ndipo anayamba reshape yachibadwa.

magulu SS ndi battalions osiyana

Transformation ndi ziŵalo zimene zinachitika Panzerwaffe anakakamizika. Zofunika zambiri amadwala zomvetsa nkhondowo, wasimidwa, ndi makampani a ulamuliro wa Hitler unali mwa kusowa nthawi zonse chuma, ndilibe nthawi popeza kuchepa mphamvu. Makina waukulu wa mitundu yatsopano (ACS-omenyana "jagdpanther", "jagdtiger" "Ferdinand" akasinja "Mfumu Amabereka") kupanga battalions wapadera, iwo ali mbali ya magulu akasinja, monga ulamuliro, sanafike. Masinthidwe akukonza pafupifupi munthu SS Panzer Division, ankaona kuti osankhika. Panali zisanu ndi ziwiri:

• "Adolf Gitler» (№ 1).
• "Das Ulamuliro wa Nazi» (№ 2).
• "Akufa mutu» (№ 3).
• "Viking» (№ 5).
• "Gogenstaufen» (№ 9).
• "Frundsberg» (№ 10).
• "Hitleryugend» (№ 12).

battalions munthu ndi SS Panzer Division ntchito German General Wogwila ngati nkhokwe wapadera allocated ku chigawo yoopsa kwambiri ya kutsogolo onse mu East ndi West.

magulu thanki Soviet

Nkhondo ya zaka mazana makumi awiri anali yodziwika ndi zapansi atasemphana gwero. Ngakhale bwino chidwi wa Wehrmacht mu 1941-1942, German akatswiri asilikali mkati miyezi itatu kuukira Soviet Union kwakukulukulu kudziwa kupambana ndi zosatheka, ndi chiyembekezo lake pachabe. Blitzkrieg mu USSR chiyani kutsegula. Mafakitale, zomwe kakusintha ndi zikuluzikulu achoke, ntchito mphamvu zonse, kupereka zambiri kutsogolo nkhondowo apamwamba luso. M'pofunika kuchepetsa kapangidwe zonse ayenera Soviet mankhwala asilikali sanali.

Alonda thanki Division (ndipo linalo linali pafupifupi ayi, ndi mutu aulemu kuperekedwa kwa onse yonyamuka ku mayunitsi nkhondowo kutsogolo pasadakhale) anamalizidwa mu 1943, chiwerengero cha mayunitsi nthawi zonse. Ambiri a iwo inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a nkhokwe. Chitsanzo ndi 32th oti muli nazo zida Division wa Red mbendera ya Poltava, analengedwa pa maziko a 1st Airborne Corps kumapeto 1942 ndipo analandira koyamba nambala 9. limapangidwa, kupatula zonse regiments oti muli nazo zida anali akadali 4 (zitatu oyenda, zida zankhondo limodzi), ndipo ndipo antitank battalion, injiniya battalion, kulankhulana kampani, reconnaissance ndi mankhwala chitetezo.