Prince Sergei Volkonsky (Decembrist): yochepa yonena

Mmodzi wa masamba chidwi kwambiri za mbiri Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 kugalukira wa Decembrists. Ambiri anthu ake, waika cholinga kuwononga autocracy ndi serfdom, linachokera kwa mabanja wotchuka apamwamba, maphunziro kwambiri ndi wolemekezeka okha usilikali, zamtendere kapena zolembalemba kumunda. Zikuphatikizapo Sergei Volkonsky. Decembrist anakhala zaka 76, limene zaka 30 anali mu ndende ndi ku ukapolo.

makolo

SERGEY Grigorevich Volkonsky (Decembrist) anabadwira ku 1788 mu Moscow. Pamene chofunika kusonyeza anachokera, iye ankakonda kulemba "kuchokera Chernigov akalonga." Pankhaniyi, zinali zodziwika kuti banja lake a Rurikovich ndi kumbali akuchikazi a agogo-agogo ake anali mnzake wapamtima wa Peter Wamkulu polimbana A. I. Repnin.

makolo

Atate wa Decembrists tsogolo - Grigoriy Semenovich Volkonsky - anali mnzake wa atsogoleri otchuka nkhondo monga PA Rumyantsev, GA Potemkin, AV Suvorov N. V. Repnin. Iye anakhala nawo pafupifupi onse nkhondo za m'ma 18 mochedwa, ndipo mu nyengo ya zaka 1803-1816 anachita ntchito ya wolamulira wamkulu mu Orenburg, ndiyeno membala wa bungwe State.

Palibe munthu zochepa wotchuka anali mayi wa Sergei G. - Alexandra Nikolaevna. Kunatumikira State dona ndi obergofmeysterinoy pa 3 Russian Mfumukazi ndipo anali kavalerstvennoy dona dongosolo la St. Catherine 1 digiri. Kodi ndiye, malinga ndi agogo Decembrist iye anafotokoza kuti bwanayo anali mdzukulu wa Mfumukazi Alexandra Nikolaevna anali ouma kwambiri mu chikhalidwe ndi "m'malo maganizo a tiganizira ngongole ndi mwambo. '

ubwana

Wambiri ya Decembrist Volkonsky limanena kuti moyo wake kuchokera pachiyambi kunali kuti onse anali otsimikiza kuti m'tsogolo azitentha ntchito kwambiri.

Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwake anachita lamulo Peter, mogwirizana ndi zimene ana wolemekezeka anali kuyamba utumiki ndi mizere ya asilikali. Kumene, makolo wachifundo amene zikugwirizana ndi ndalama kwa nthawi yaitali anapeza njira kuzilambalala izo. N'chifukwa chake, monga anzake ambiri ochokera m'mabanja achifumu, pa usinkhu wa zaka 8 Sergei Volkonsky analembedwa ndi anga mu Kherson Regiment, amene anamupatsa iye mwayi pa nthawi ya kubwera kwa zaka "anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito" kuti udindo wa kapitawo. Ndipotu Volkonsky (Decembrists m'tsogolo) anali ndi zaka achinyamata mu yapamwamba lolemera chiphaso sukulu Abbe Nicolas, ndi asilikali yekha mu 1805 monga mkulu wa asilikali okwera pamahatchi Regiment.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yake yausilikali

Patapita miyezi ingapo kuchokera pa chiyambi cha utumiki mu 1806, kalonga mbodzi adacoka ku mui kwa Prussia monga msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wa Field polimbana Mikhail Kamensky. Pakhala chisokonezo, monga anyamata Chuck amangosankha anasiya malo a asilikali a Russia, safuna kulimbana ndi Napoleon.

Kusokonezedwa maganizo msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja ananenapo mkulu-General AI Osterman-Tolstoy, amene anamutengera iye pansi phiko lake. Tsiku lotsatira Volkonsky (Decembrist) kwa nthawi yoyamba nawo nkhondoyo, kukhala mbali ya asilikali a Pultusk.

Pambuyo kusaina Mtendere wa Tilsit anabwerera ku St. Petersburg ndi Order wa St. Vladimir, ndi Golden Cross nkhondo ya Eylau ndi mwadzina umafunika lupanga.

Mu 1810-1811 gg. Sergei Volkonsky kumenyana kum'mwera kwa Turkey, unaperekedwa mu msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja ndipo analimbikitsa kuti akazembe.

Kuthandiza pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Pa nthawi Nkhondoyo Napoleon ya Russia, Prince Sergei Volkonsky (Decembrist) anali Mulingo wa msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wa Alexander Woyamba.

Iye anakhala nawo nkhondo za Dashkovka ndi Mogilev, pa Porec, pa Vitebsk, pa Zvenigorod, Moscow pa mtsinje, pa mudzi wa Orlov. Prince adadziwa pa October 2 pa nkhondo m'tauni ya Dmitrov, ndipo analimbikitsa ku Mulingo wa msilikaliyo.

kulimbamtima wake tinaonera, ndipo pamene nkhondoyo pa ulendo wa French kudzera pa Berezina Mtsinje. Kenako posonyeza kulimba mtima Volkonsky anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Vladimir wa digirii wachitatu.

Pambuyo athamangitsidwe wa mdani dera la kalonga Russian, pamodzi ndi thupi la Baron Wintzingerode anapita kukachita kampeni yachilendo, anachita nawo nkhondo zambiri. Mobwerezabwereza kupereka osati Russian Mfumu, koma mfumu Prussian. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, pa mapeto a nkhondo, Prince Volkonsky ikuchitika zamtendere ndi nzeru Mfumu malamulo, kuphatikizapo mu Paris pa wotchuka masiku 100.

Pakuti kulimbamtima mu nkhondo ya Dennewitz ndi Grosse Beerene, iye anapatsidwa ndi ambiri aakulu. Mu 1816 anaikidwa mkulu wa brigade a gulu 2 wa Uhlans, ndi zaka 5 Patapita Anam'samutsira zomwezo mu 19 TH oyenda Division.

kusintha maganizo

Mu 1819, SG Volkonsky (Decembrist) analemba lipoti kumpatsa tchuthi kalekale, poona ndi chipongwe munthu ndi Mfumu yake yomasulira udindo wa "analemba" mu mkulu chigawo.

Pa njira Europe, iye anayima mu Kiev komwe anakapeza bwenzi lake lakale Major General Mikhail Orlov, amene, monga mkulu wa ndodo ya Chachinayi oyenda Corps, anali m'dziko chinsinsi. Iye anapempha Prince ku msonkhano, kumene Volkonsky woyamba anazindikira kuti kuwonjezera usilikali, pali mwayi wina kuti kutumikira wabwino wa Dziko Lathu.

Monga am'tsogolo analemba Sergei G. Iye anatsiriza ku ndiye kuti kukhala wokhulupirika, ndipo anadzakhala nzika ya dziko lawo.

Patchuthi anawonjezera sikungakhoze kukhala funso. Posachedwa Volkonskiy anakumana ndi Pavlom Pestelem ndi okhazikika kusankha kukhala membala wa anthu chinsinsi.

ukwati

Mu 1821 Volkonsky (Decembrist) anasankhidwa mkulu wa brigade loyamba la 19 oyenda Division Wachitatu Army, amene acherezedwa lakutali Chiyukireniya m'tauni ya Uman. Prince meekly analandira udindo watsopano, kutanthauza ntchito Wopanda, ndipo anapita kumalo a ntchito.

Mu Ukraine, anakumana ndi banja la General Rajewski, ndipo mu 1824 anapanga akafunsiridwa ukwati ndi mwana wake Maria, mlongo wina yemwe anakwatira bwenzi lake Mikhail Orlov.

bambo a mtsikanayo, nditaganiza mofatsa, anavomera kuti tikwatirane, ndipo mu January 1825 kunachitika mu Kiev Ukwati Volkonsky ndi wina wake wosankhidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo mkulu anali godfather m'bale wake Nikolai Repnin, ndipo munthu wopambana - Pavel Pestel.

Decembrist Volkonsky ndi mkazi wake limodzi kwa miyezi 3, popeza posachedwapa atakwatirana, mtsikanayo anadwala ndipo adagwidwa ndi banja lake kuti asagwidwe mwa Odessa. Chifukwa Service Affairs mwamuna sanathe naye, ndipo iwo sanali kukumana mpaka m'ndende ku Petulo ndi Paulo Linga.

Nawo December kugalukira

Pambuyo kuchoka kwa mkazi wake Volkonsky kwathunthu anapereka kwa yokonza chiwembu cha. Ngakhale miyezo chojambulidwa anachitira chiwembu, nkhani kuli anthu chinsinsi anadziwika kupolisi. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Prince Alexander iyeyo pa nthawi ya kuyendera loyamba la zopatsidwa kwa iye anamuchenjeza khalidwe wakulungama.

Mu November 1825 Volkonsky pamaso pa akuluakulu ena atamva matenda a mfumu, ngati m'bale wake m'chilamulo anali mmodzi wa anthu amene anatsagana mfumu paulendo wake ku Taganrog.

Iye ananena izi kwa mkulu wa chinsinsi Kumwera Society - Pestel, amene ayamba zokambirana kugwirizana pa mfundo olowa ndi "northerners". Komanso, pamodzi ndi Volkonski iye akupanga dongosolo "1 January," malinga ndi zimene Vyatka Regiment inali kutimanga akuluakulu ankhondo ndi kupita Petersburg. Kuti iye anali kuloŵa 19 oyenda Division Volkonsky.

Ndondomeko analephera chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa Pestel. Kalonga chomwecho anakana mwayi wolera kupanduka ndi Gulu lake ndi mphamvu kumasula achiwembuwo aakulu.

Kufufuza mu chifukwa cha achiwembuwo zinali bwino, ndi kale 7 January 1826 Sergeya Volkonskogo zitamangidwa. Zisanachitike, iye amayenera kutenga mkazi wake ndi kubereka mwana wamwamuna woyamba m'mudzi. Baby anabadwa pa January 2, ndi Mariya anadwala, anakhala mu bedi yotsatira 2 miyezi.

atamangidwa wake,

SERGEY Volkonsky (Decembrist) amene yonena ndi saperekanso ofufuza Kuphunzira mbiri ya Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 19, pambuyo atagwidwa ndi kulephera kwa kugalukira pa Senate Square anatumizidwa ku St. Petersburg.

Pamene mkazi wake Maria anachira akabereka, iye anatsatira n'kuzipereka tsiku. Komabe, zoyesayesa zake anabwera kanthu kutsogolera ndi mkulu m'ndende zaka 20 ntchito mu ndende ndi ukapolo moyo ndi akusowa mphoto onse, tithe ndi maudindo.

Maria Volkonskaia anapempha mfumu kuti amulole kutsatira mwamuna wake. Poyankha, Nicholas II, anayesa mtsikanayo, koma osati choletsedwa ake kuchita monga iye akufunira. Pitani mwana wa mawu "chinang'ambika" ndi mayi a kalonga, koma ngakhale kukamuona mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

m'ndende

masiku 10 pambuyo chigamulochi Decembrists Troubetzkoy ndi Volkonsky ndipo ambiri ophunzira ena a kugalukira kale anatumizidwa ku malo kutumikira chiweruzo. Prince Nicholas, poyamba pa Salt Bzalani, kenako ananyamuka wanga Blagodatsky. Apo iye unachitikira mavuto adzaoneni. Komanso, akaidi anachotsa zonse, kuphatikizapo Baibulo. Volkonsky zidagwa kwambiri. Chitonthozo okha Prince anali chiyembekezo cha kufika othamanga wa Mariya.

Kukomana ndi kukambirana ndi mkazi

Pa nthawi ya kupanduka kwa Decembrists tinakwatirana anthu 24. Choyamba mwamuna wake anafika Ekaterina Trubetskaya. ft ake owuziridwa ndi ena "Decembrists". amuna onse awo ndi amuna Siberia anatuma 11 atsikana. Maria Volkonskaia wachiwiri, amene anakwanitsa kuthetsa mavuto onse ndipo mkazi wa thandizo odalirika pamene anali ku ndende ndi ku ukapolo.

Pamodzi ndi Ekaterinoy Trubetskoy, yakhala kanyumba wina waung'ono pafupi ndi ndende nayamba kulima ngati munthu wamba.

Blagodatskikh wa Volkonsky wanga anatumizidwa ku Chita ndende, ndiyeno chomera Petrovsky.

Mu 1837, ntchito ya kalavula gaga wakhala m'malo mwa Urik kuthetsa m'mudzi, ndipo kuyambira 1845 Volkonsky ankakhala Irkutsk. Mu ukapolo, iwo anali ndi ana awiri: mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.

kubwerera

Mu 1856 Volkonsky Amnesty analola kuti asamukire ku European Russia, popanda ufulu kukhala mu Moscow kapena St. Petersburg, ndiponso anabwezeretsa otchuka.

Banja mwalamulo atakhazikika mu dela la mzinda, koma kwenikweni, Sergei G. ndi Maria Nikolaevna unali likulu, ndi achibale.

Mapeto a moyo okalamba Volkonskiy unachitikira ku Ukraine, chitakhotetsera m'mudzi analemba kalata Maulendo Ake. imfa mkazi chinasokoneza thanzi lake, ndipo iye anafa zaka 2 pambuyo pa zaka 76. Volkonskie m'manda mu mpingo mudzi, anamanga mwana wawo. kachisi anagwetsa mu 1930, ndipo manda a banja otaika.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe anali tsogolo la Decembrists Volkonsky ndi chimene misonkhano ali kutsogolo kwa Russia.