Gagarin ankathawa mu mlengalenga: zosadziwika mfundo za zochitika zofunika kwambiri za m'ma XX

Lodziwika bwino Gagarin ankathawa ku malo akadali zikutipatsa mafunso ambiri, mayankho amene adakali sanathetsedwe.

The Launch choyamba munthu mu mlengalenga amayenera kuchitika mwamsanga

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ofufuza anapeza kuti Yuri A. anali kupita danga kwa nthawi yoyamba osati wopambana April tsiku, ndipo ngakhale Miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomo - mu December. Zimenezi zinanenedwa mu Chigamulo cha ku CC CPSU ndi Bungwe la nduna pa 11 October 1960. Chiyambi cha "East" m'nyengo yozizira chinalepheretsa ngozi movutika: pa October 24 pa Baikonur asanayambe kuyamba, Roketi asilikali chakumene, ankakolezera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu 268 anaphedwa, amene anali kulamulira Nedelin. Anthu ambiri kwenikweni awotchedwe amoyo. Chifukwa chakuti Commission State waponya mphamvu zonse kufufuza zinachitikazi, Gagarin ndi danga ndege anali kulephereka.

Zipangizo anali odalirika kokha pa 50%

Inde, nthawi Soviet, nkhaniyi chobisika. Komabe, ziwerengero zinthu zikuyendera: wa imalankhula mayeso asanu umene unachitika pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa munthu mu mlengalenga, atatu anali zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zoopsa. May 15, 1960, chaka pamaso anatenga Gagarin malo othawirako, anapezerapo sitimayo chifukwa wolakwika dongosolo maganizo kulamulira osati pansi, ndipo akupitiriza kuuluka mpaka tsiku lino. September 23 chaka chomwecho, pa chiyambi cha roketi ndi chakumene pa bolodi amene anali agalu ndi Krasavka damka. December 1 Launch zinachitika bwinobwino zambiri agalu Pchelka ndi Mushka anasamutsa bwinobwino kuyamba, koma chifukwa chakuti njira yodutsamo wobadwira ku mapeto a ndege anakwiyanso phompho, chombo unawotchedwa msuwo kukhala mu izo.

Ndipo ndicho osanenapo chakuti tsoka zinachitika osati malo komanso Padziko Lapansi paulendo wina wa workouts mu chipinda kudzipatula anafa Bondarenko - phungu wamng'ono akatswiri a.

Malo a cosmonaut woyamba Titov akanakhoza kutenga

America sakanakhoza kukhala kutali ndi magulu onse akuyesera kuti munthu woyamba mu malo Launch. Mayesero panali Komabe, mu West, m'malo agalu mivi okwera anali anyani. The United States analakalaka May 2, 1961 - izo zinali pa tsiku anaikidwa chida choyamba chiyambi. Komabe, Sergei Korolev sanalole ndi American anali munthu woyamba kupita mu mlengalenga. Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha 50/50, amene sapereka amtundu uliwonse chitsimikizo kuti Yuri A. kubwerera moyo, Launch wa spacecraft Soviet anaikidwa milungu ingapo m'mbuyomo. Masiku amenewo, anaganizira mfundo m'malo Gagarin, amene anali ndi ana aakazi awiri aang'ono, pa wopanda mwana German Titov. Koma Korolev analimbikira pa candidacy wa Yuri ndipo mawu ake, masiku onse a moyo wake amanyadira, Ine sanalakwe kusankha kwawo.

wokayenda pamwezi anali mu ngozi kwambiri choyamba masekondi 20 ndege

Linafika pa April 12 , 1961 chaka - tsiku la Gagarin ankathawa ku malo ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri. chiopsezo kwambiri ofuna ndendende roketi Launch. fyuluta chiwembu kumaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana chifukwa chopulumutsa spaceman pa kosiyana. Kupatula poyamba masekondi 20. Kodi kukhazikitsa galimoto kuphulika mpando Yuri catapulted kuti kumwamba, osati zokwanira kutsegula parachuti. Ndi cholinga ichi kupangidwa "mwadzidzidzi kupulumutsidwa dongosolo" lomwe ndi lalikulu anyamata anayi amene anakhala pafupi ndi chiyambi cha pogona wapadera ndipo anali wokonzeka ndi gululi lalikulu la nayiloni. Ngati ngoziyi inkachitika, iwo anali ndilumphepo pogona ndi kugwira wokayenda pamwezi ngati ozimitsa moto kudzadzidzimutsa anthu kudumpha kuchokera m'zipinda za pamwamba pa nyumba yoyaka.

Akuluakulu ndakonza apilo atatu kwa anthu

Palibe anali wotsimikiza kuti Gagarin ankathawa ku malo mukapambana. Choncho, kwa atatu Tass chithandizo anali okonzeka: mlandu kuyesera amaliza bwinobwino, wachiwiri - pamene a spacecraft sadzatha kupita mozungulira, ndi wachitatu - imfa yomvetsa chisoni ya cosmonaut lapansi.

Ngati kale mu danga anali pangozi, chifukwa cha zomwe Motors ndi ananyema akhala adakana, sitima kukhalabe Earth kanjira. "East" udaikidwa kuti zikatero, chombo akhoza, "tigwiritsitse" a chapamwamba wosanjikiza m'mlengalenga, kuchedwetsa ndi bwinobwino kumtunda kapena kuwaza pansi penapake. Komabe, sizingandichitikire pambuyo ola 1 ndi tsiku 7-10. Chifukwa chaichi analengedwa kotunga, chakudya madzi ndi mpweya, amene ayenera kukhala zokwanira kwa masiku khumi.

Ngozi lurked komanso chakuti, ngakhale masiku ambiri yoyesedwa ndi maphunziro, anakhalabe chiopsezo cha kuwonongedwa maganizo pa cosmonaut lapansi. Popewa izi, Gagarin anauzidwa kuti nthawi zonse kukambirana ndi Earth. Ndipo iye anachita izo zonse mphindi 108 ndege zawo.

Rise nkhondo zinali zodabwitsa?

Ngakhale malonjezo onse a boma la Soviet, ndi kukhazikitsa ndekha ndege kunachitika monga mwa pulani. Mobwerezabwereza pali vuto mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, pachiyambi sindinkafuna kutsegula zikayamba chida kachipangizo. Chifukwa cha ichi, angapo Mphindi isanayambe okonza kuumirizidwa unwind, kenako kulumikiza wathandizidwa 32 kumbuyo kwa zimaswa chivundikirocho. Kutsatira kulephera kwachitika pa kugwirizana. M'malo mwa mbendera "5" mwadzidzidzi anapita chiwerengero "3", kutanthauza kuti pa chombo panali kulephera. Service gawo kulekanitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zingachititse kuti maroketi moto, vavu munakhala suti Gagarin ndi pang'ono kokha mukuponderezedwa, pamene akuthamanga Sitima inayamba angagwere mosintha ...

Komabe, ndege wopambana ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya "nkhondo ozizira" pakati pa USSR ndi USA, ndipo mu mbiri ya anthu onse.

Zolakwa ndi touchdown, "ndiye East" kubisa zaka zambiri mu mzere

boma la Soviet amanena kuti Gagarin anafika malo anakonzeratu. Ndipotu asayansi phunziro angapo recalculated ndipo palibe zotsatirapo osati atsimikizira kukhala owona. Kwenikweni tidakocheza Yuri A., catapulted adatuluka m`chombomo, m'chigawo Saratov. Anthu oyambirira amene anaona wokayenda pamwezi anali Anna Tahtarova, mkazi wa nkhalango, ndipo mdzukulu wake Rita. Kuona munthu zovala zachilendo, ndi dona wakale mantha poyamba, koma cosmonaut kumtonthoza iye, kufuula kuti: "chake,, Soviet"

Choncho anathetsa Gagarin ankathawa mu mlengalenga. Chaka ndi tsiku chochitika - 12 April 1961 - Mosakayikira chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano mu mbiri ya anthu.