Party dongosolo - kalilole wa moyo national

Party dongosolo - chodabwitsa kuti zikugwirizana mbali iliyonse ya moyo uliwonse dziko. N'chiyani chathandiza kuti ngati Uku ndikuyankhula molimba mtima? Choyamba, akamanena za zodabwitsazi, amene ali tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndipo adzakhala anapereka m'munsimu.

kachitidwe Party ndi mitundu

Mu sayansi ndale izo anaganiza kuyamba kulingalira chodabwitsa chilichonse chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe ake. Choncho, dongosolo chipani ndi wapadera wa bungwe wa mphamvu za ndale m'dziko limene kutithandiza kuona ndi zinthu zikuluzikulu - pa ndale. Tanthauzo limapezeka m'malo yosokoneza choncho ayenera kudziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chodabwitsa cha.

kachitidwe Party yodziwika ndi:

- kugona ndi boma - tikulankhula Pankhaniyi za momwe boma zida kucheza ndi chipani;

- pamaso pa maphwando malamulo - i.e. chiyanjo wawo ku boma;

- kuchuluka kwenikweni nawo moyo ndale za chipani;

- Luso lopeka yovomerezeka mgwirizano.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, kusintha motere tanthauzo limene pamwamba. Choncho, dongosolo chipani - ndi mtundu wapadera wa bungwe la moyo ndale mu dziko, chimene anatsimikiza ndi nambala ya zofunikira pa chodabwitsa ndi ubale wawo.

Komabe, zizindikiro osati chifukwa cha maonekedwe. Ndipotu, chifukwa gulu, amene imvera dongosolo chipani. Ndipo mitundu akhoza mwachidule motere:

- chiwerengero cha maphwando mu dziko (J. Sartori kufanizitsa.) - chipani chimodzi chokha (Cuba), ndi gulu akutsogolera (China), ndi ofala, kapena phwando lalikulu (Japan mpaka mu 1993), dongosolo losavuta zipani (USA), zolimbitsa zipani ( FRG), kuchuluka kwambiri (nambala ya magulu pa 5 Mwachitsanzo, Italy);

- kugawanika yosavuta ndi chizindikiro chomwecho, politologists kwambiri zotsatira, izo zikuwoneka motere: chipani chimodzi chokha, awiri chipani, atomized (zopanda malire maphwando) ndi multiparty.

- pa kumbali kuli maphwando - osakhala olimbanawo, ndi kuliika ndi mndandanda wa mayina a maphwando, ndi ufulu chiwerengero cha iwo.

Anapereka classifications atatu ndi zofunika. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma akatswiri ambiri andale kugawanitsa dongosolo chipani basi chiwerengero cha maphwando ndi ufulu kupeza moyo ndale. Njira imeneyi muli ndi chiŵerengero pakati pa dongosolo ndi mchitidwe waukulu.

Political maphwando ndi machitidwe chipani

chipani nthawi zonse amapezeka ndi mfundo za chodabwitsa lapansi. Zotani zili ndi osewera yogwira m'bwalolo ndale wonse kupangidwa ngati dongosolo ndi opaleshoni ndipo chitukuko. Kapena m'malo - kusintha kwa mtundu wina ndi mzake.

Zamkati za chipani limanenedwa ndi zimene zikutanthauza kuti amakwaniritsa chikoka mu boma. njira anawagawa zokomela quasi-demokalase. Pali zitsanzo zambiri mu mbiri pamene zobisika pansi pa amati ndi kusamalira za anthu ndi zofuna zawo zinali njira ya de A facto authoritarian. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa ntchito yosavuta Institute of malamulo masankho chibadidwe maiko ambiri.

Choncho, zipani zandale ndi machitidwe chipani umanena m'njira zotsatirazi:

- chipani dongosolo Mzimuyo zomwe achipani ndi zimene kuchuluka adzakhala ntchito pa malire a dziko makamaka;

- chiwerengero cha zipani m'bwalo la ndale za dziko Mzimuyo mtundu wa dongosolo, ndipo, chotero, chitukuko;

- kuphatikiza ya malamulo zimadalira zimene maphwando panopa mphamvu;

- kusintha kuchuluka lenileni ndi khalidwe la zipani zandale n'kogwiritsa kusintha kwa dongosolo.

Ichi ndi zazikulu kiyi mfundo kudziwa mtundu wa boma ndi za ndale mu dziko, komanso akamanena za boma lokha.