Payipi "Altai" mu China: kapangidwe ndi kumanga

The payipi mpweya "Altai" ndi ntchito mpweya thunthu mzere anafuna kuti katundu wa gasi ku Western Siberia ku China. Kuyamba gawo Chinese chikuyembekezeka pa Russian-Chinese m'malire Kazakhstan ndi Mongolia. The payipi mpweya "Altai" amene chiwembu ali pansipa, adzadutsa madera a sikisi Russian Federation.

ntchito Background

Back mu 2004 pakati OAO "Gazprom" ndi Chinese kampani boma mafuta CNPC anafika mgwirizano pa mgwirizano njira. Ngakhale ndiye, Chinese akuganiza njira katundu gasi kumsika ake amphamvu. Inde, kukula kwa mowa mpweya m'dziko lawo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XXI ndi zotsogola kukula kupanga zoweta.

Ziwerengero zoyerekezera amasonyeza kuti pofika mu 2020, China udzanyeketsa kiyubiki mamita oposa biliyoni 300 mpweya ^{3 limene} katatu kuposa ndalama panopa kupanga ake (pafupifupi 100 bcm ^3).

masitepe loyamba

Kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano tatchulawa mu March 2006 pa ulendo wa Russian Pulezidenti Vladimir Putin zinasaina memorandum pa katundu Russian mpweya kwa China. Anasaina kumchititsa wapampando wa bungwe la "Gazprom" Alexey Miller ndi CNPC CEO Chen Geng. The memorandum kumatanthauza nthawi mpweyawu voliyumu ya makontena, ndi njira ziwiri: ku Western Siberia - ndi payipi mpweya "Altai" kum'mawa Siberia - payipi "Mphamvu ya Siberia".

M'chaka cha 2006 ankalandira Komiti kugwirizana, ndi ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito "Altai" ntchito. Mu kugwa kwa "Gazprom" ndi boma la Republic Altai, amene malire Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region a China, anasaina mgwirizano pa mgwirizano, amene utoto mwatsatanetsatane, mmene kumanga payipi mpweya kudzera Altai.

Zaka approvals ndi prikidok

Koma ntchitoyi anasamukira mosavuta. Panapita zaka zingapo zokambirana mavuto ndi zibwenzi Chinese kukhala ndondomeko ndalama zake ndi mtima wa mtengo chilinganizo cha gasi Russian. Only m'chilimwe cha 2009 pakati Russia ndi China zinasaina memorandum natsimikiza kukwaniritsa kumvana pakati pa zipani ndi m'chilimwe cha chaka chomwecho pakati pa "Gazprom" ndi CNPC zinasaina chimango pangano munali chilinganizo cha mitengo mpweya womangidwa kwa mitengo mafuta.

Mu 2010 lotsatira yemweyo makampani awiri anasaina chikufikanso zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe kotunga mpweya ku Russia kuti China. Ankayenera kuti mgwirizanowo katundu adzakhala Mukalowa mu 2011, ndipo makontena adzayamba kumapeto 2015. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. abwenzi Chinese asankha asagwiritse kotunga mpweya pamene kum'mawa njira - "Mphamvu ya Siberia" ndi kusainira zaka 30 mgwirizano mtengo $ biliyoni 400 May 2014. Mu September 2014 yomanga payipi ya mpweya anayamba.

payipi Kodi "Altai"? 2014 anabweretsa chiyembekezo kwa chitsitsimutso cha polojekiti. Mu November, atsogoleri a mayiko awiri, Russia ndi China unachitikira nkhani zonse. Malinga ndi zotsatira zawo yosainidwa memorandum wina umene unalembedwa ndi cholinga magulu 'kuonjezera buku katundu mpweya kuti China kawiri, chida chachikulu ichi chinali kukhala payipi mpweya "Altai". 2014 ndi 2015. Inachitika mu Poyembekezera kusintha kwambiri, koma malingana ngati iwo sanayende.

The payipi mpweya "Altai": uthenga wa miyezi posachedwapa

Kumayambiriro September 2015 Aleksey Miller anati kuti iye amafuna kusaina mgwirizano Tumizani mpweya kuti China kudzera njira kumadzulo, amene nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Mphamvu ya Siberia-2" m'chaka cha chaka chamawa. Komabe, mofanana mwezi chairwoman magawano "Gazprom katundu" E. Burmistrov ananena kuti nkhani ndi Chinese amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Ndi mgwirizano pa mtengo, makamaka anapatsidwa "kusintha kwambiri msika" sichinayambe zimatheka.

Ndiye, mtengo mafuta madola makumi asanu mbiya, tsopano - zosakwana makumi atatu. Zikuonekeratu kuti zinthu zili choncho, kufika mgwirizano ndi chodziwikiratu pamaso pa masika, ngati mtengo mafuta adzapitiriza kwanthawi. Mu November 2015 mutu kwa Utumiki wa Mphamvu A.Novak ananena kuti slowdown mu yopangira chisankho pa njira ya kumadzulo katundu mpweya chifukwa slowdown mu chuma Chinese. Kuyambira pamenepo iwo agwa kwambiri.

Mu nkhani ya kugwa kwa mitengo mafuta dziko, "Gazprom" ndi CNPC kupeza chitsanzo latsopano chifukwa cha mgwirizano. Choncho, pomanga payipi mpweya "Altai" adzakhala pang'ono anakankhira mmbuyo pa mawu. Komabe, "anathetsa" polojekiti lonse mpaka palibe mmodzi akupita.

mpweya mzere Route

The payipi "Altai" makilomita 2800 kuchokera pa chiyambi cha siteshoni kompresa Purpeisky alipo payipi Urengoj - Surgut - Ufa. Izo kunyamula mpweya kuchokera Nadym ndi a Urengoy munda ku Western Siberia.

Utali okwana gawo Russian ndi 2666 Km, kuphatikizapo 205 Km kudutsa maiko a Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, makilomita 325 kudutsa dera la Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, makilomita 879 m'dera Tomsk, 244 Km m'dera Novosibirsk, 422 Km mu Altai Gawo ndipo 591 kukafika ku Republic of Altai.

mfundo chikutha pa dera la Russia adzakhala phiri pochitika Canas. Ambiri mwa payipi ya mpweya adzakhala anamanga monga mbali ya kulowera luso la mapaipi alipo, monga Urengoi-Surgut-Chelyabinsk, Northern Tyumen-Surgut-Omsk, Nizhnevartovsk Mafuta Processing Chomera - Parabel - Kuzbass, Novosibirsk - Kuzbass, Novosibirsk - Barnaul ndipo potsiriza Barnaul - Biysk.

China mafuta payipi "Altai" adzapita Xinjiang, kumene adzakhala chikugwirizana ndi payipi mkati "East - West".

datasheet

Awiri a payipi ndi 1420 mm. Kamangidwe mphamvu ndi kiyubiki mamita 30 biliyoni ya gasi pa chaka, ndi mtengo okwana kwa polojekiti lonse akuyembekezeka kukhala ku $ 14 biliyoni. Mfundo akhale okonzeka ndi malo ano ambiri kompresa. payipi adzakhala ntchito ndi "Tomsktransgaz", ngati nthambi za "Gazprom".

Ofufuza za polojekiti

Kodi Aliyense Russia ankakonda polojekiti "Altai"? payipi The zakonzedwa kupyola mu Ukok Plateau mu kumalire ndi chigawo cha Republic Altai, ndiwo malo achilengedwe a chisanu nyalugwe ndi mitundu ina osowa nyama pangozi China, Kosh-Agach.

Today pa dera la ku Ukok yachonde kuthamanga boma bungwe "Nature Park - Zone Ukok Chete", analenga pansi pa chisamaliro ndi ulamuliro wa Republic of Altai. Akuluakulu a Natural Park, anasonyeza mantha kuti pomanga payipi adzakhala zoipa bwanji zachilengedwe wa pangodya wapadera wa chirengedwe.

Tikuyankhula makamaka za destabilization dothi, zimene Madzi oundana, komanso destabilization njira zivomerezi (chifukwa pobowola) m'dera la 8-9 mfundo seismicity.

Pali mantha kuti kudziletsa machiritso kuonongeka pomanga zachilengedwe maofesi kwachilengedwenso mapangidwe nkhanza Ukoka zingatenge zaka zambiri. Choncho Altai zachilengedwe akamufunsirire kugwira anthu ekoekspertizu kapangidwe ndi kuchititsa Kafukufuku m'munda pamodzi njira akufuna, ndipo kenako kukhala mosalekeza zachilengedwe polojekiti m'deralo.

Kodi n'zotheka kuzungulira Ukok Plateau?

funso chimenechi chinayamba mu 2006 pa siteji koyamba chitukuko ntchito. Popeza kuti kusankha njira yochepa kuti gawo laling'ono kwambiri la kutalika kwa malire Chirasha Chinese ndi 54 Km, amene amayendetsa pamodzi phiri pochitika Canas, pafupi ndi Ukok Plateau.

Ife zachilengedwe yomweyo maganizo ena kuti mozungulira malo okwera pa madera a m'mayiko ena - Kazakhstan ndi Mongolia. Komabe, maganizo awa sanapeze chilichonse pothandiza mu "Gazprom" linati kuti Baibulo ili la njira ndalama zayamba zodula kapena maulamuliro Russian, wolankhulayo amene mu 2007 anapanga ndiye mutu wa Altai Republic Alexander Berdnikov.

Iye ananena mosapita m'mbali kuti njira osankhidwa pa zifukwa za ndale, utsogoleri dziko, ndi "Mongolian" kapena "Chikazaki" Mabaibulo a mayendedwe abwino kwambiri mavuto andale.

Tikaganizira za mavuto ziliri pa mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine, anakakamizika "Gazprom" utsogoleri kulengeza cholinga kuti asiye pambuyo polumikizira 2019 mpweya Russian mwa Chiyukireniya dongosolo mpweya kayendedwe, kusankha mtsogoleri Russian kuti pakhale njira "Altai" payipi basi pa gawo zake zikuwoneka aluntha.