Nkhani Mgwirizano: sing'anga-akuti, yaitali, boma. Nkhani chomangira

Mabungwe omwe amapezeka gawo azachuma kapena chuma, nthawi kubwera chimagwirizanitsa msika. Apa, iwo ntchito chida chapadera kusonkhanitsa kwa ndalama, angapo ubwino kwambiri. Taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane zimene tingati kumangigwa.

mwachidule

Mgwirizano - chitetezo. Imasonyeza lamanja la chofukizira kuti akalandireko kwa issuer ndalama nkhani kapena katundu.

Mgwirizano - ndi chitetezo atakhazikitsa ndi ndondomeko yake konkire kusamutsa ndalama. Anthu amene muyenera ngongoleyo, chimabala chiwerengero ena a iwo. Iye anatchula issuer lapansi. nsinga ngongole amakulolani:

1. Pezani kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ndalama.
2. Kukhazikitsa zikuluzikulu ntchito ndalama. Zimenezi zimathandiza nkhondo ya bondholders amayendetsa ntchito ndi zachuma.
3. Kudziunjikira ndalama wotumidwa kuchokera kwa ndalama payekha.
4. Kulandira ndalama ku mabungwe kwa nthawi yaitali mokwanira kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chimene msika chuma.

Ubwino pa kukongoza miyambo

Access chimagwirizanitsa msika amapereka kwambiri zotsatira zabwino. The ngongole oyamba adzakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa mfundo chuma view. Mgwirizano ngongole nthawi zonse mtengo kuposa ngongole ochiritsira. Kusiyana kofunika lagona mu nthawi ya ndalama. Iwo ali opambana nthawi ngongole ya.

N'kofunikanso kuti nkhaniyi si kofunika kupereka nkhani chitsimikizo muzikondana. Chidwi chilli ngongole ndi pafupifupi palokha wa wobwereketsayo. Ichi ndi chifukwa nkhani ya chiwerengero chachikulu cha ndalama. Mutu chifukwa amatha kudziunjikira pang'ono ndithu ndalama. Angongole ngongole osati kulola munthu nkhawa kuti afotokoze maganizo awo, komanso:

1. Limbikitsani mapangidwe zabwino ngongole mbiri. Ngati nkhaniyo moyenerera amakwaniritsa udindo wake, ndiye ndalama Umafuna malipiro osachepera mavuto awo.
2. Choncho kuchepetsa mtengo wa umuna pamaso pa mpikisano pakati ndalama mwayi otengapo ndikupeleka.
3. Iwo amapanga zotheka kufalitsa chiopsezo. A osiyanasiyana ndalama kumatha kudalira aliyense wa iwo. Izi zikutanthauza mu kukhota palibe chiopsezo imfa ya ulamuliro pa kampaniyo.

Ubwino wina kuti ndi ofunika ponena ndi kuchuluka kwa ngongole ya. Mtengo osachepera umuna akhale 200-300 mln. A kampani wamng'ono ndi chodziwikiratu kuti ngongole zimenezi. Kubweza ngongole angathe kuchitidwa mu zaka 3-5.

Gawo

Chuma tsopano zimatulutsa nsinga amapeza. Iwo amapangidwa, motero, mabungwe, makampani ndi mabungwe ena malamulo. Chida ichi ntchito chitetezo tsogolo ndalama kampani. nsinga Corporate mwina apatsidwe popanda ina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati muli ndi ufulu wokatenga palibe kufunika idzagwiritsa guarantors kapena ina.

nthawi imene alipire ngongole mwina kuposa chaka. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zida pansi kulingalira. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi boma ngongole. Mu nkhani iyi, issuer ndi Russia. Investor, motero, akhoza kupanga mabungwe alamulo kapena nzika. ngongole State ntchito kuthetsa ena mwa mavuto amene ntchito ya ntchito zikuluzikulu yaitali. Mtundu wa ngongole tikuchita. ngongole oyang'anira tauni komanso kulibe. Apa, issuer adzachita chilichonse utsogoleri-Kupititsa unit wa dziko. Choncho, chida ichi ntchito ndi oyang'anira mzindawo kuti akonze zofunika pa mlingo wa nkhani payekha.

nsinga coupon

Ngongole alinso m'magulu malinga ndi nthawi. Mawu a mapangidwe ngongole kudzadalira zochitika. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo ndi zofunika kuchuluka kwa ziwembu malamulo ndi ntchito kukonzekera ya kumasuka ndi analamula, kuphedwa kwa ukutitsimikizira ndi zina zotero. Sing'anga-akuti chomangira nkhani kwaiye nyengo 1 chaka zaka 5. chidwi pa izo, monga ulamuliro, amalipidwa kawiri pa chaka. Kupereka ngongole kwa okhudzidwa umabala otchedwa coupon kumangigwa. nthawi yawo kusintha akhoza kukhala oposa 5 ndi zaka 10. ngongole awa ali otchuka ndi ndalama mwagwirizana mbiri.

Zimenezi zimachitika chifukwa cha yaitali ngongole nthawi chivundikirocho. Pa nthawi yoikika imeneyi ndi mulingo woyenera bwino pakati ngongole ndi zokolola zida yochepa kwambiri chuma ntchito ndi yaitali. Nthawi zina ngongole amenewa amatchedwa zolemba. Coupon nsinga ndi undocumented. Iwo anaika osiyanasiyana.

Yaitali chomangira nkhani

Kufalitsa nthawi ya ngongole awa ndi zaka 20-30. nsinga boma yaitali amatchedwa ngongole. Mu US, iwo amaonedwa odalirika kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti guarantor kwa iwo ndi boma. nsinga yaitali ali amatchedwanso kumangigwa. Ali ndi yaitali kukhwima.

ngongole feduro

Nsinga chuma nsinga wosindikiza boma. Choncho, iwo ukuchita monga emitter ndi. Pankhaniyi, likuchita ikuchitika kwa nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo anapereka ndalama zina adzabweranso. mapepala Iwowa akufalitsa ku Soviet Union. M'zaka za mphamvu Soviet, umuna anali ikuchitika osati ndalama, koma mawu enieni. malo Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi ndalama zake kuoneka ngati chidina a bizinesi, m'nyengo pamaso boma chikominisi anali ntchito ndi zolinga zosiyana. Chifukwa, USSR tirigu, shuga ndi ngongole zina zinali ponseponse. Panopa mtundu uwu zida ndalama nkomwe ntchito. Makamaka osatchuka ali m'mayiko ndi vuto variable kapena mavuto a zachuma.

ngongole oyang'anira tauni

Pangano ngongole ndi kudzera kugula kumangidwa kupelekedwa ndi Investor kapena msika ena, kulola kuzindikira bwino kupeza kuchokera ndalama ngongole, kumulola ngongole, ndi chidwi lokhazikika.

ngongole Municipal angakhale mitundu iwiri. Choyamba ndi okwana nsinga anaphimba. Iwo amapereka zonse kapena mbali za bajeti, komanso mwini mbali emitter. sheya izi alibe khalidwe chandamale ndalama. Iwo ntchito kuphimba ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti ndi ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto panopa. ngongole oterowo mbali zokhudzana yochepa ngongole boma. awo kukhazikitsa anachita ndi chiwembu mwapadera analenga ndi debugged.

Panopa, akatswiri Onani kukula chidwi nzika za chida ichi ndalama. Mtundu chachiwiri akulimbana ngongole yomwe lero ndi atsogoleri chiwerengero cha kumangidwa chikalata. Iwo amapangidwa ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito yeniyeni ndalama. Kubweza ngongole amapangidwa phindu.

Ambiri ali pano oyang'anira tauni chandamale nyumba ngongole. Yomanga ikuchitika mwa ndende ya anthu kudzera issuance wa masheya. Zolinga zikuluzikulu za nkhani imeneyi ndi:

1. Kupeza mpata kutukula amoyo kwa anthu.
2. Kusintha njira ya yaitali ndalama otetezeka ntchito yomanga.
3. Kuwongolera ntchito.
4. Kuchepetsa mtengo wa nyumba ndi nyumba.

Mitundu ina ya ngongole

Home ngongole ndi udindo ngongoleyo mawonekedwe kumangidwa kwambiri mu dziko. Poyamba, iwo kutsatira njira umuna anatengera kwa mitundu ya ngongole mchitidwe dziko. Mu Russia, izo zinayamba issuance kumangidwa m'banja, amene anagawanika pakati makampani zoweta.

Umuna udindo kunja anapanga pazipita kololeka kukula kwa ngongole anthu. Mtengo wake anatsimikiza Chilamulo pa Bajeti Federal. Izi nsinga boma ndi inakhazikitsa mu mawonekedwe certificated. Iwo anaikira yosungirako centralized. Chofukizira akhoza kupeza phindu msinga ndi chidwi accrued. Chiwerengero cha magazini ya $ 1.5 biliyoni mwadzina nsinga -. Madola 200 chikwi ngati mbale angathe ndi anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo ... Choncho iwo akhoza kukhala anthu onse ndipo sanali anthu a dziko. Nsinga anayikidwa ndi muzimvetsera payekha ndi akhoza anapereka chiwombolo oyambirira, ngati akusonyeza kalata lonse, amene chokongoletsedwa nkhani zawo.

kumasulidwa Mfundo

Nkhani kumangidwa yokhutiritsa pazipita mapulani chitukuko ogwira ntchito kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kutsegula mwayi kukopa zida ndalama pa mawu yabwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuwonjezeka kuzindikira za gululi ndiponso moyenera, kukopa Investor chidwi.

Chikhalidwe cha nkhani chomangira akutumikira makonzedwe apadera mgwirizano pa nkhaniyi. Ndi ngongole zofunika kuzikwaniritsa:

1. Kuchuluka akadakwanitsira ngongole liyenera kukhala oposa 200 miliyoni rubles.
2. Mtengo wa katundu ndi issuer a ukonde ayenera kupitiliza kuchuluka kwa gawo likulu lake.
3. kampani azikhala ntchito kwenikweni, kuzindikira chimene udzakhala kupeza ndalama.
4. malipiro pachaka pa ngongole ayenera zikugwirizana kapena zosakwana mlandu phindu kwa nthawi yomweyo pamaso pa deduction ya malipiro mokakamizidwa kwa bajeti.

Malo ndi kupeza

Nsinga ndi chikalata mu makope pa msika chachikulu. Apa ndi kukhazikitsa awo. Ngati iwo anagulitsa, iwo akhoza kumasulidwa pa msika sekondale. Kuzindikira izi anafotokoza ubwino awo kiyi - liquidity. Mu malamulo panopa, koyamba nsembe poyera ngongole akhoza zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira miyezi 3. mpaka chaka. Pambuyo kalembera ayenera kukhala osapitirira 1 chaka. Zochita koyamba nsembe gulu ikuchitika mu masiku pang'ono. Kugula akapolo, muyenera kuphunzira dongosolo lonse la malonda mu msika chuma. buku yaikulu akupezeka pa Moscow katundu kuwombola ndalama. Misika katundu ankagulitsa nsinga banki. Pakati pawo, pangakhale malonda, ndi mabungwe a boma. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kugula nsinga za Sberbank. Izi bungwe ndalama wakhala opereka ngongole, amachititsa ntchito zina pa iwo, kupereka kuonjezera ndalama za m'madera osiyanasiyana, chotero nawo vuto la zachuma a dziko.

Sberbank kugula nsinga angathe kukhala mu uliwonse wa nthambi yake kapena kudzera pawebusaiti yovomerezeka. Komabe, akatswiri amalangiza pamaso kugula tione makoti. Akamanena za kupatula ndi kugula monga zamalata ngati nkotheka kuti kugulitsa pa mtengo wapamwamba zotheka. Kukhazikitsa kumangidwa pokhapokha munthu wina nthawi imene iwo adzakhala mwachindunji. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Investor angathe ayenera kutha kuwerengera profitability ngongole ya. Ubwenzi nkhani imene Sberbank zambiri zaka 1-5. Ndi mawerengedwe moyenera chofukizira mwina kupeza phindu olimba.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndalama Bank ndi bungwe limene oposa 50% mwa likulu mothandizidwa ndi boma. Monga mmene kumapeto, likulu magawanidwe awonjezera chaka chilichonse. Komanso kuchuluka kukula likulu ndi mtengo wa ngongole ndi alipire cha ngongole. Zimenezi amatipatsa kuwonjezeka mu malo banki kuti amalola mabungwe apereke ndi chuma malo.

mtengo

Mtengo wa nkhani chomangira wayikidwa malinga ndi mfundo ziwiri. Izo zimatengera ngongole mbiri ya solvency ndi issuer a. Kuchepetsa mitengo ngongole amalimbikitsa kukula kwa malo sekondale ndi kuwonjezeka Investor chidaliro.

Zabwino ngongole mbiri si amalenga mbiri yabwino ya issuer, komanso amachepetsa mtengo wa kupereka ngongole m'tsogolo. kuchuluka Loan anatsimikiza mwa kuwerengera chisanadze msonkho mkati mlingo adzabweranso (kapena pa nthawi ya malipiro a ndalama) kuchokera ndalama ndalama zomangira.

Loan ngati chida kulera ndalama

Mgwirizano nkhani akulola issuer udindo magawo yake. Kwenikweni, ndi nkhani ya buku, chiwongola dzanja, mawu ndi nthawi ya mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Nsinga amathandiza kuti kusintha kwa dongosolo lino la midzi, kukula kwa kapangidwe ka payables ndi receivables wa Issuer. Nthawiyi, ngakhale ubwino zoonekeratu chida ichi kulera ndalama, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu uwu wa kachitidwe ngongole ngati ngongole okhwima zokwanira. Opereka nsinga nthumwi angatenge mavuto ena. Choyamba, iwo ali oyanjana ndi kusowa N'kuthekanso bwino ntchitoyi onse. Choncho, mfundo ya nkhani ya sheya sathandiza Kusinthaku awo pa mawu anasonyeza mwa issuer lapansi.

Loan monga gwero la ndalama

Udindo umenewu wa nkhani chomangira m'mayiko olemera ndi aakulu. Pa zaka 10 zapitazi kwa zaka za m'ma 20 mpaka kupanga udindo wotero oposa theka la ndalama zapadera, ndi nkhani ya magawo anali mkati 5%. Pamaso kuwayika nsinga ndi chinaneneratu mwatsatanetsatane okwanira ntchito ndi ufulu wa okhudzidwa kuphatikizapo zopalira. kufunikira Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa zochita zolimbana malamulo a mndandanda yonse ya malamulo a mayiko kuti zonse ndondomeko kupanga awo ndi malonda. Monga chofunika Kuchepetsa ukulu wa malowo waima pa Kusinthaku. Ubwino wa chida ichi monga gwero la ndalama monga:

1. Kutheka kwa kulera ndalama kwa ndalama osiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala kuphatikizapo mabanki.
2. Luso kukopa angongole yaing'ono. Ndi chifukwa ndi zochepa za kumangidwa.
3. Kutheka kupatsa ndalama yokonza ngongole kwa mitengo ya zinthu. Zimenezi, kuchepetsa phindu msonkho.
4. Kuthekera kuwonjezera maturities.
5. mtengo wotsika kuposa nkhani magawo.
6. Low chiopsezo kutenga. Iwo amaonetsetsa nkhani ya magulu ena a ndalama.

The mbali zabwino mwa mayikidwe izi kwa malonda ndi luso kuwerengera zokolola akadakwanitsira ya kumangidwa pa nthawi yolandira chithandizo. Komabe, kampani akhoza kudziwa chiwongola dzanja yabwino kubweza kukopa ndalama kwambiri zambiri. Monga mphindi zoipa Dziwani Mwina Kusinthaku chosakwanira pa malonda chachikulu. Pankhani ya kufunika otsika zingawonjezere mlingo wa zokolola muzikondana. Zabwino zinthu kumasulidwa amafuna zinthu zina. Zoipa, motero, kuchepetsa ntchito.

zoyipa

Pamwamba wakhala anafotokoza zambiri ubwino wa nkhani muzikondana. Koma zinthu zonse zabwino la chida ichi ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe oipa. Mwa iwo Dziwani:

1. Kuvuta kwa ndondomekoyi umuna. Ayenerere, phunziro, chabe kulemba pangano ndi bungwe limene lili izo. Nkhani kumangidwa ikukhudza mapeto a mapangano ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kulinganiza, ndi depositary, ndi katundu kuwombola. Komanso, m'pofunika formalize ndipo anawerenga zolembedwa zofunika akukwana buku. Mwachitsanzo, prospectus Amakhala m'ma 300 masamba.
2. Kulephera kukonzekera nthawi imene. chakuti nkhani ya chithandizo cha za malamulo a ndondomeko imene kulinganiza lapansi. Chidwi kupeza ndalama munthu sangachititse kuti ndondomeko imeneyi, choncho kokha mpaka kuvomereza mfundo yakuti nthawi imene mukhoza kukhala kwambiri.
3. zina ndalama. Mu nkhani ya ngongole kubanki wamangawa amalipira kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu ndi chidwi. Pamene mgwirizano kumamkongoza zopereka anati zidzawonjezedwa zina mtengo, kukula kwa amene ali 2-3% ya kukula umuna.

Amaona njira kukopa ndalama kwa tsiku akhalabe otchuka kwambiri. Ndi chida ichi, makampani ambiri anatha kugwiritsa ntchito zawo. Mgwirizano nkhani, zina, phindu boma. Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kubwezeretsa kwa kuchepekedwa bajeti ndi zomvetsa kochepa. nsinga Purchase mungathe monga nzika ndi bungwe lalamulo. Makampani watsopano pamaso pa mapeto a tagwirizana ndi akatswiri amalangiza kuphunzira chiwembu cha katundu kuwombola.