Persian ndakatulo ndi Sufi Dzhalaladdin Rumi: MBIRI, zilandiridwenso

Dzhalaladdin Rumi - ndi Persian ndakatulo ndi Sufi, amene anakhalapo zaka za m'ma XIII. Ambiri amadziŵika pansi pa dzina la Mevlana. tchire Izi ndi Mlangizi, amene chiphunzitso wakhala chitsanzo cha kukula abwino. Pa mbiri ndi ntchito ya woganiza chachikulu ichi tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Sufism ndi chiyani?

Kuyamba, mwachidule kufotokoza chifukwa Rumi imatengedwa kuti ndi Sufi ndakatulo. chakuti Sufis ankatchedwa otsatira a Sufism, Chisilamu esoteric kayendedwe, amene anali ndizodabwitsa za uzimu mkulu ndi moyo wosasangalala. Iwo anatuluka mu m'ma VII.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: yonena

Malo amene ndakatulo kwambiri mu 1207 r Mukhoza mu mzinda wa Balkh, yomwe inali kumpoto kwa masiku ano Afghanistan. Bach al-Din Valad, bambo ake, anali pa nthawi kudziwika azaumulungu. Iyeyo uzimu ndi maganizo wotsatira wa lachinsinsi wotchuka Sufi Al-Ghazali.

Mu 1215, Valad banja anakakamizika kuthawa ku mzinda kwawo pansi napemphera monyenga mawu a Haji ku Mecca. choti kuti Rumi adawopa chokana zotheka pa mbali ya Khorezm, ndi ulamuliro wa mlaliki amene ankakonda.

Pa njira ramu, apaulendo anali kupanga amasiya Nashapure. Apa banja lonse anakumana lyricist Firuddin Attar, wotchuka Sufi mlaliki ndi mphunzitsi. Attar yomweyo anaona mwana wake Valad mphatso ya mawu, ndipo iye ananeneratu m'tsogolo kwambiri osati monga ndakatulo komanso monga Mlangizi wauzimu. Mu omaliza achinyamata Rumi Firuddin anapereka mphatso ya mtengo wapatali kwambiri - ". Buku Zinsinsi" Popeza kuti sanasiyane Jalaluddin konse moyo zasungidwa ngati mtengo kwambiri.

Yosamutsa mu chipinda

Pali nkhani imene inachitika ku Damasiko. Ibn al-Arabi, wotchuka Sufi mphunzitsi ndi kuwona Rumi, amene anali kuyenda kumbuyo bambo ake, anati: "Yang'anani pa nyanja, chomwe chimatsatira m'nyanja."

Dzhalaladdin Rumi ndi banja lake kwa nthawi yaitali akungoyendayenda pambuyo anasiya Balkh. M'kupita Valad n'kumaonera mu mzinda wa Konya, likulu la ramu. Masiku amenewo, mzinda umenewu wakhala malo onse amene kuthawa Mongol anawazunza amene anawononga dera la chisilamu. Choncho panali zambiri andakatulo, Asayansi, zachinsinsi ndi azamulungu.

Kwa nthawi yaitali anakhala pano Rumi. Ndipo posachedwa anakumana ndi Sufi wina wachikulire dzina lake Shams al-Din, amene ali ndi maganizo zinakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe mnyamatayo. Iwo Shams Jalal chikukupatsani mu mtima mwa mabuku ndi zonse lachinsinsi chikondi chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa chifukwa cha ndakatulo yake.

view Rumi pa chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu

Dzhalaladdin Rumi anakhala nthawi yambiri akucheza ndi Shams al-Din, kuti sanali otsatira choyamba. Iwo inatha kuti Shams analamulidwa kuti imfa ndi mwankhanza.

Zosaneneka chisoni anachitika Rumi, amene anataya bwenzi lapamtima okha. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti wolemba ndakatulo wakhala kwambiri kudziwa zenizeni. Ndekha ndi zowawa ndi imfa, wolemba ndakatulo anaona kuti zinthu zopanda chilungamo zoterozo ndi nkhanza. Iye anali kuyambira amazunza mafunso okhudza mmene chilungamo, wachikondi ndi Mulungu wabwino akhoza kulola zoipa zoterezi pansi, chifukwa iye ali pansi pa onse, ndi kanthu zimachitika popanda chifuniro chake.

Kuyambira maganizo awa pang'onopang'ono amayamba chifukwa cha nzeru za Rumi. Wolemba ndakatulo amadziwa kuti Mulungu ali kanthu ena kuposa la chikondi cha Mulungu chimene chichokera mwa chikhalidwe malire ndi overpoweringly. Mofanana ndi anthu ena a Sufism, Rumi zoipa kwambiri maganizo ndi malingaliro aluntha. Choncho, sankafunanso zithunzi, ndi kuvumbitsira poyerekeza pakati pa chikondi cha Mulungu ndi boma la kuledzera, imbaenda ku chisangalalo ndi misala. Rumi akhapidziwa kuti si kusasamala woona, ndipo popitirira malire mwachizolowezi kungachititse munthu anakhoza woona ndi n'zochenjeza mwaulere okha ku ukapolo wa rationality ndi nzeru.

Only chikhulupiriro chopanda malire a (zamoyo) kuli tikhonza kulola munthu kuona omasuka ndi ufulu moyo ndi kumvetsa kuti moyo ndi chirichonse chimene chimachitika mu izo, pali malamulo awo zovuta kuzimvetsa, lomwe ndi nzeru, koma si nkhani kwa maganizo a anthu. Chinthu chachikulu chimene muyenera kuchidziwa munthu - kukhulupirirana ndi kuvomereza zimene zikuchitika chifukwa icho chiri, chifukwa kuti kufunsira maganizo, akuyesera kuti apeze chitsanzo, kodi kupeza zopusa yekha, pali kwambiri tanthauzo wopatulika.

Funso la ufulu wosankha

Dzhalaladdin Rumi, buku la ndakatulo iyi zikutsimikiziridwa, kuganizira pa vuto ufulu wosankha - ngati aliyense wa ife ali tsogolo lake, lomwe ndiyo moyo wathu wonse, kapena moyo wa munthu - slate kanthu, lomwe n'zotheka kulemba mbiri yake, motsogozedwa yekha ndi chilakolako. Komabe, Rumi ankadziwa kuti palibe aliyense angathe kuthetsa mikangano otsatira mfundo zimenezi maganizo, monga mwa mfundo zomveka n'zosatheka kupeza yankho loona. Choncho ndakatulo ankakhulupirira kuti nkhani zimenezi ziyenera anasamuka ku dera maganizo komwe "ukulamulira mtima."

Munthu wodzazidwa ndi chikondi kwa Mulungu ndi merges mu nyanja chilengedwe moyo. Pambuyo pake, chirichonse kanthu wachita, izo si za iye, abwera ku nyanja. Ngakhale kuti munthu wadzikwaniritsa chinachake osiyana, komabe yoweyula padziko madzi. Koma n'kosathandiza kuyang'ana mkati, kusiya kunja, anayamba kuganizira pakati m'malo pa periphery, iye adzamvetsa kuti onse amene alipo ndi indivisible ndi yofunika lonse. Mabuku ndi onse amakonda chikondi cha munthu angasinthe kwambiri kuti nkhani zonse zomwe zakhala zikuvutitsa Kuyambira, kutha paokha. Iye amayamba kuona umodzi ndi Kukhala lenilenilo, limene limapatsa kumverera kuti tinganene kuti "Ine ndine Mulungu."

Sufi brotherhoods

Atamwalira Shams Rumi anakhala mphunzitsi pa sukulu Muslim. Apa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano ya maphunziro - anayambitsanso ophunzira kuti Qur'an ntchito Sufi mwambo.

Mayina wofunika kwambiri kwa kuyimba, kuvina ndi nyimbo Dzhalaladdin Rumi. ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo zimasonyeza maganizo ake pa luso: nyimbo kuti iye ankaona ngati chithunzithunzi cha nyimbo ya zakuthambo zimangokhala malo, kutanthauza chinsinsi chachikulu cha chirengedwe; dervish kuvina ndi mwini wa gule wa mapulaneti, nadzaza chilengedwe ndi chimwemwe Glee.

M'zaka zimenezi, Rumi zimapangitsa Sufi ubale Maulaviya, kumene anayambitsa chiphunzitso amamangirira zofunika kwambiri. gulu adzapitiriza kulibe pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo ndipo kenako kufalikira mu Ottoman. M'mayiko ena Muslim, lilili lero. Abale analandira mnyamata amene ukatha mwambo ayenera kukhala mu obisika zaka 3.

imfa

Rumi ndinakhala zaka otsiriza ntchito jurisprudential chilengedwe zolembalemba. Wolemba ndakatulo anafa 1273 pa msinkhu wa zaka 66 mu mzinda wa Konya.

Today Dzhalaladdin Rumi anazindikira ngati lachinsinsi chachikulu munthawi zonse. maganizo ake ndi akatswiri ziphunzitso zoyambirira anali anasonyeza ndakatulo, amene ankaona njira yabwino kuyamikira ndi kukonda Mulungu.

art Features

mwanjira ina, koma mu malo oyamba anali Rumi. M'nyimbo "Bedi" amaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana Mitundu ndakatulo Rubaie, insa, qasida. -Iye analalikira kwa iwo lingaliro la mtengo wa moyo wa munthu ndi adakana zamawonekedwe, ritualism ndi scholasticism Rumi Dzhalaladdin. "The ndakatulo za pyakubisika", mbali ya gulu la "Masnavi", ambiri momveka bwino anasonyeza maganizo.

Ngakhale kuti ndakatulo zinalembedwa mu chimango cha chomwe achipembedzo, iwo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa maganizo chosintha, ndipo ngakhale zisudzo ambiri.

"Masnavi"

Si kale anaonekera pa maalumali wa buku lakuti "The Way ya kusinthika. Sufi mafanizo "(Dzhalaladdin Rumi). Koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti izi si mankhwala umodzi, koma gawo lalikulu epic-didactic ndakatulo, analipo pafupifupi 50,000 mavesi, chimene chimatchedwa "Masnavi". Kumasulira amatanthauza "couplet".

Mu ntchito iyi, mu mawonekedwe a nkhani limatiuzanso ndi digressions m'nyimbo ndi mukumulalikira Rumi analalikira maganizo ake. "Masnavi" wonse angatchedwe buku la Sufism.

Mu ndakatuloyi, palibe nkhani umodzi. Koma nkhani onse ogwirizana ndi maganizo limodzi, amene afotokozedwa mu couplets rhymed, zaka mu kayendedwe chomwecho.

"Masnavi" Ndi mmodzi wa Ambiri kuwerenga ndi kulemekezedwa ntchito za dziko Muslim. Koma mabuku dziko, ndakatulo anabweretsa Rumi mutu wa wamkulu ndakatulo-pantheist.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: makoti

Nawa ochepa makoti ndakatulo:

• "Wobadwa inu wovuta. N'chifukwa chiyani kukwawa ndi moyo? ".
• "Osadandaula. otaika zonse zidzabwezedwa kwa inu amati osiyana. "
• "Kuti kubwereza mawu a anthu ena sikutanthauza kumvetsa tanthauzo lake."

Ngakhale m'zaka zapitazi, ndakatulo ndi nzeru za Rumi akupitiriza kusangalala kutchuka kwambiri osati pakati pa mitundu Muslim, komanso European.