Vasily Zhukovsky: yochepa mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso

Mukufuna kukumana ndi chotero wotchuka ndakatulo Vasily Zhukovsky? Mwachidule yonena kuti chidwi mafani mabuku. Kuyambira pamene sentimentalist ndi, Zhukovsky anali mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa romanticism Russian. ndakatulo wake ndi zonse mafano a zopeka otchuka, maloto wozingwa. Vasily Zhukovsky anamasulira ntchito za George. Byron, Schiller, "The Odyssey" ndi Homer. Tikupereka woyanjana ndi moyo wake ndi ntchito.

Origin V. A. Zhukovskogo

Vasily Zhukovsky anabadwa ndi. m'chigawo Mishenskoe Tula 01/29/1783. atate wake, AI Bunin anali mwininyumba wa m'mudzi, ndipo mayi ake - ndi ukapolo Turkey mkazi. Vasily Zhukovsky analandira ndi dzina la Bunin zina, Andreya Grigorevicha Zhukovskogo. Bunin banja atatsala pang'ono kubadwa a ndakatulo iyi zowawa chisoni choopsya: posakhalitsa anthu 11 anafa ndi chimodzi, kuphatikizapo mwana wamwamuna kuphunzira pa nthawi University of Leipzig. Maria G., wokaika, pokumbukira mwana wake anaganiza atabadwa kwa banja lake ndi kuukitsa ngati mwana wake.

Phunziro B & B

Posakhalitsa, mwanayo anakhala ankakonda banja lonse. Ndili ndi zaka 14, Basil analowa kogona yunivesite ku Moscow. Iye anaphunzira kwa zaka 4. Penshioni anapereka zinthu zambiri, koma motsogozedwa ndi aphunzitsi ophunzira nthawi zambiri kusonkhanitsa kuwerenga zinawachitikira zolembalemba. Mu periodicals lofalitsidwa kwambiri mwa iwo.

Ntchito yoyamba

Posakhalitsa lofalitsidwa ntchito yake yoyamba ndi Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. yonena wake ikusonyezedwa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kulisindikiza mu 1797. Woyamba lofalitsidwa ntchito - "Malingaliro ku nthumbi." Iwo unalengedwa pansi kuganiza za imfa ya V. A. Yushkovoy. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa nyumba ya alendo (kuchokera 1797 mpaka 1801) zotsatirazi Zhukovsky zolengedwa afalitsidwa: mu 1797 - "Tiyeni Morning" mu 1798 - "Ukoma", mu 1800 - "The World" ndi "K Tibullus", mu 1801 - " munthu, "ndi ena. Mu onsewo chogwidwa ndi wozingwa cholemba. Ndakatulo chidwi ndi waufupi zinthu zonse padziko lapansi, fragility wa moyo, amene ankaoneka kuti utumiki wa mavuto ndi misozi. maganizo uyu anali makamaka chifukwa zokonda mabuku a nthawi. chakuti ntchito zoyamba za Vasily anaonekera pamene ambiri anamusilira "Osauka Liza" Karamzin, lofalitsidwa mu 1792. Panali imitations ambiri.

Komabe, si onse anafotokoza mafashoni. zochitika za kubadwa kwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo anali wawaiwala wina aliyense kapena okha. Iye anali ndi udindo osokoneza anthu. Childhood ndi unyamata a ndakatulo iyi sanali osangalala.

The loyamba kumasuliridwa kubwerera kumudzi

Ndi nthawi ya maphunziro ake pa nyumba ya alendo komanso amatipatsa loyamba kumasuliridwa wa Zhukovsky - buku "Mnyamatayo pa mtsinje" Kotzebue (1801). Vasily pa akamaliza maphunziro iye anayamba, koma posakhalitsa anaganiza kusiya izo. Anakakhala ku Mishenskoe kukapitiriza maphunziro awo.

Zilandiridwenso zaka 1802-1808

Mu 1803, zinalembedwa ndi lofalitsidwa Zhukovsky buku "Vadim Novgorodsky." Izo zikusonyeza kuti pa nthawi imeneyo, wolemba ndakatulo anayamba kuphunzira mbiri ya Russia wakale.

Pa moyo wake m'dziko (1802-1808) pafupifupi sanali kufalitsa ntchito zake Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. yonena wake amalembedwa ndi maonekedwe a zolengedwa atsopano. Mu "Journal of Europe" agulidwa mu wotchuka 1802 "Rural manda" wake - remake kapena kumasulira ufulu wa Gray. Ntchito imeneyi yomweyo chidwi. Mwachibadwa ndi kuphweka akhala latsopano kutsegula kwa nthawi, ngakhale pamene chogwidwa stilted zoyerekeza-classicism. Pa nthawi yomweyo Zhukovsky analenga "Marina Grove" - nkhani, olembedwa potsanzira "Osauka Liza".

Vasily mu 1806 anayankha kuti anthu ambiri-mzimu "bard nyimbo pa bokosi la Asilavo-opambana." "Lyudmila" inatuluka mu 1808. Zinali remake chipatso "Lenora" Burger. Ndi ndi ballad "Liudmila" mu mabuku Russian anakhala romanticism. Vasily anamvetsetsa kuti mbali yake, pomwe ali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu mu Ages Middle, dziko la nthano akale ndi nkhani.

Zhukovsky amalimbikitsidwa ndi bwino "Lyudmila". Zimasintha ndi Mabaibulo kuchokera nthawi imeneyi mosalekeza kutsatira mmodzi. Vasily anawamasulira andakatulo makamaka German. Ndi bwino kwambiri wa chilengedwe chake zokhudza ntchito za Schiller. Pa nthawi imeneyo Zhukovsky analengedwa ndi ntchito pachiyambi. Panali Mwachitsanzo, mbali yoyamba ya ndakatuloyi "khumi akugona anamwali" otchedwa "Stormbreaker", komanso nkhani zingapo prose.

Kusamukira ku Moscow, mkonzi ntchito

Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhala mkonzi wa "Bulletin of Europe" Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Mwachidule yonena za wake chinali kusuntha kwa Moscow kuchita ntchito. zaka ziwiri anapitiriza ntchito nyuzipepala, kuyambira 1809 mpaka 1810. Poyamba Vasily ndinkayenda ndekha, ndiye pamodzi ndi Kachenovsky. Pitani asamathe ndipo anasamukira kalekale "Herald of Europe".

Mtima sewero Zhukovsky

Pambuyo pake, Zhukovsky anabwerera kumudzi ndipo atakhala kuno sewero kwambiri mumtima. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, anayamba ndi aakazi ake aakazi E. A. Protasovoy, mwana wamng'ono wa mwininyumba Bunin. Catherine Afanasyevna amasiye atatsala pang'ono ndipo anakakhala Belyov. Vasily Protasov kutifotokozera anakonda Mary achikulire wophunzira wake. amajambulapo maluwa okongola ankakonda mawu ake maloto a chikondi ndi chimwemwe m'banja. Komabe, kumverera kwa Zhukovsky posachedwa kuthi mawu wozingwa. Zimakhalira pachibale anachita chikondi ichi maso a ena zosatheka. Choncho ndikofunikira mosamala kubisa kumverera wake. Only mu outpourings ndakatulo kuti wapeza njira. Komabe, popanda kusokoneza maphunziro sayansi Zhukovsky. Iye ndi changu makamaka anayamba kuphunzira mbiri, Russian ndi chilengedwe, ndipo anatengera kwambiri mokwanira.

"Woimba mu msasa wa Russian" ndi "Svetlana"

Zhukovsky mu 1812, zokapempha dzanja Marii Protasovoy mayi ake, koma ali lathyathyathya kukana. Chinalepheretsa zimakhalira pachibale ukwati. Vasily pasanapite nthawi anapita ku Moscow. Apa anagwirizana asilikali Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Mwachidule za zinamuchitikira tikhoza kunena mfundo zotsatirazi. Chidwi ndi changu kukonda dziko lako kuti asilikali Russian anagwidwa mu msasa ku Tarutino Zhukovsky analemba "woyimba ku msasa wa Russian." Ntchito imeneyi yomweyo anatchuka kwambiri. Atha masauzande ambiri mndandanda wa asilikali ndi lonse la Russia. Latsopano Zhukovsky ballad "Svetlana" limanenanso za 1812 Russian Ngakhale oyamba, ntchito imeneyi amenewa anayamba zolinga "Lenore" Burger.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Zhukovsky pa bwalo

Osati kale anapitiriza moyo asilikali Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. Iye anadwala ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi kumapeto 1812 ndipo anapuma mu January 1813. Mu 1814 panali "Uthenga kwa Mfumu Alexander," kenako Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna ankafuna Zhukovsky anafika ku St. Petersburg. Maria Protasov mu 1817 anakwatira Professor Mayer. Ndakatulo Zhukovsky, ndipo kenako lidzalira loto la chikondi. Komabe, iye anali amadwaladwala ndipo mu 1823 anamwalira. Kuyiwala Mary Protasov ndi kupeza moyo okondedwa Vasily Zhukovsky? Wambiri ya zaka m'tsogolo adzakupatsani yankho ku funso limeneli.

zolemba m'munsi mwa ndakatulo Zhukovsky a

"Kukhumba Chikondi," "chiyembekezo mu mtunda," "chisoni chifukwa chosadziwa", "ya chisauko olekanitsa" - awa ndi zolemba zoyambirira za ndakatulo ya Vasily. Chikhalidwe cha ake pafupifupi amadalira pa maganizo lachinsinsi la Zhukovsky chifukwa cha maloto zosachitika chikondi. Motero, mavuto a nthawi ndi kugonjetsa anthu chimatsogoleredwa zokonda zolembalemba, komanso zotheka anadza kwa maganizo a anthu ndakatulo iyi. Zhukovsky akudziwitsa chilengedwe chanu zili chikondi sentimentalism kwambiri kukodzedwa mabuku dziko, ananena kwa iye. Komabe, kukhala ndi ntchito zake, zolinga zatsopano, iye anatsatira malangizo a mmene makamaka munthu.

Wolemba ndakatulo Vasily Zhukovsky anatenga romanticism akale kuti malinga ndi maloto ake lachinsinsi kuzichita. Phindu la ntchito yake inali ndakatulo Zhukovskogo subjectivity kukhala imodzi amamuthandiza wamba chitukuko mabuku. Subjectivism zinali chinthu chofunikira kwa kuchotsa zinthu wapakamwa wa psevdoklassitsisticheskogo ozizira. Zhukovsky kwa anthu dziko mabuku, moyo mkati, iye ndigwira pafupifupi osadziwika.

Zapakati pa 1817 ndi 1841 - nthawi pamene Vasily ankakhala ku khoti. Poyamba, iye anali mphunzitsi wa Chirasha. ana ake anali Duchess Elena Pavlovna ndi Alexandra. Ndipo kuyambira 1825 Vasily anakhala namkungwi Alexander Nikolaevich, wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Panthawi imeneyi zambiri ine namuka Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Wolemba ndakatulo anapita kumeneko onse pa ntchito ndi mankhwala.

Travel Zhukovsky ndi ntchito watsopano

ntchito Zhukovsky a pa nthawi imeneyi ngati mwangozi. Mwachitsanzo, kupita ku Switzerland ndi Germany mu chaka cha 1820, Vasily inayamba mu Berlin kwa kusinthika kwa Schiller a "Chimwana cha Orleans". Mu 1821 anamaliza ulemu. Ndipo anauziridwa ndi Chillon Castle, inali ku Switzerland, izo unakhazikitsidwa kumasulira kwa "Mkaidi wa Chillon" Byron (1822).

Vasily Zhukovsky anakhala yozizira ya 1832-33 gg. mu Nyanja Geneva. Mabaibulo a woweta, Schiller, Uhland, akamandiŵerengera "Iliad" ndi ena. Anaonekera pa nthawi imeneyo. Vasily anapita ku Russia mu 1837 ndi gawo la Siberia ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Ndipo mu 1838-39 biennium. iye anapita limodzi ndi izo, ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Zhukovsky mu Roma unakhala kucheza ndi Gogol, amene mukopedwe citukuko ca maganizo lachinsinsi mu ntchito yake ina.

ukwati

Makalasi ndi wolowa inatha mu kasupe 1841. Impact kuti pa iye Zhukovsky, anali opindulitsa. Tsopano kuyankha funso mmene panali moyo Vasiliya Zhukovskogo. Mu Düsseldorf pa April 21 1841 zinachitika ukwati wa Vasily (ndiye kale zaka 58) ndi mwana wamkazi wa zaka 18 zakubadwa wa zojambulajambula Reitern mnzake wakhala nthawi yaitali. Zhukovsky zaka 12 pa moyo wake Germany ndi banja la mkazi wake.

Vasily Zhukovsky: yonena za zaka otsiriza

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa m'banja, analemba nkhani ya "Tulip Tree", "Puss mu nsapato", "About Ivan Tsarevich ndi Gray Wolf". Translation la "The Odyssey" (buku loyamba) anaonekera mu 1848, ndipo chachiwiri - mu 1849. Ndakatulo "The akungoyendayenda Myuda", mwatsoka, sanamalize Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich. Mwachidule yonena za malekezero ake mu Baden-Baden mu 1852, pa April 7. Ndi pamene iye anafa Vasily. Iye anasiya mkazi, mwana wamkazi ndi mwana wamwamuna. Koma osati iwo okha. Great luso cholowa anatisiyira Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich.

luso lake ndi mbali ya maphunziro kusukulu mabuku. Ntchito ya Vasily ndipo adakali ochokera mwa ambiri, ndi chidwi mu umunthu wake suzimitsidwa. Apa inu kukhala bwino mbiri ya chachikulu Russian ndakatulo Vasily Zhukovsky. luso lake, ife tafotokozeramu mwachidule, koma tiyenera kuphunzira zambiri. Pitirizani kuzolowerana ndi ndakatulo iyi, ndithudi zedi.