Jaroslav Smelyakov (January 8, 1913 - November 27, 1972). Moyo ndi Ntchito ya ndakatulo Soviet

Smelyakov Yaroslav Vasilevich anabadwa pa January 8, 1913 (December 26, 1912 Old kalendala) mu mzinda wa Lutsk, Volyn dera, Ukraine.

bambo ake ankagwira ntchito pa sitima weigher. Mayi ake anali panyumba ndi kusamalira ana (atatu a iwo anali mabanja awo).

Childhood ndi unyamata

Pamene Yaroslav anali pafupi chaka, Yoyamba ya Dziko lonse. Pa nkhani imeneyi, banja anakakamizidwa kukakhala ndi achibale m'mudzi. Iwo adakhala kweneko nthawi yaitali. Patapita nthawi, banja anakakhala Voronezh, kumene iye anakhalabe ndi moyo mpaka chiyambi cha khumi zikubwerazi.

Smelyakov bambo anamwalira oyambirira, pamene Yaroslav zaka khumi zokha.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo amapita ku sukulu asanu ndi chaka Moscow, kumene zikukhazikitsa mkulu ndi mlongo.

Ndi mmasate oyambirira Jaroslav Atamaliza sukulu ndipo kudzera mu ofesi ntchito amalandira kungapezeke kuti PFZSH ( "yosindikiza Factory School") Lenin.

Zinali iye amene anachita mbali yaikulu ulili tsogolo la talente. Smelyakov Chezetsedwa chakuya moyo yosindikiza.

Monga compositor, ndi ndakatulo amanyadira kwambiri kuti zochita zake ankakonda - ntchito ndi ntchito - ofanana.

Chiyambi cha njira kulenga

Buku la ntchito woyamba unachitika ndi mnzake - Vsevolodu Iordanskomu. Iwo anali chinachititsa Smelyakov anatenga ntchito yake "Growth" magazini.

Komabe, kupita ku nyumba ya nyumba kusindikiza, Jaroslav Smelyakov osokonezeka ofesi khomo ndi molakwika anapereka ndakatulo kwa zambiri amalemekezedwa ndi aakulu "October", umene panthawi imeneyo unali wotchuka pakati pa achinyamata.

Zipatso za ntchito yake ya komiti drafting anali ovomerezeka komanso lofalitsidwa mu magazini ya.

Mu 1932-1933 Yaroslav Smelyakov akumasula zopereka chake choyamba, "Ntchito Ndiponso Chikondi" ndi "ndakatulo"

Komabe, patapita nthaŵi, iye ndi nambala ya ndakatulo zina (Pavel Vasilyev, Boris Kornilov), kukhala kapolo wa ukali onyenga, amene ali lililonse nthawi imeneyo, n'chifukwa amangidwe nthawi yomweyo popanda mlandu. Kugwedeza mapewa awo anapatsa Jaroslav Smelyakov akanakhoza kokha mu 1937. Kenako linatulutsidwa oyambirira.

Mpaka nkhondo, wolemba ndakatulo ntchito m'mautumiki ofalitsa zosiyanasiyana za ntchito mtolankhani, analemba satires ndi zolemba.

Nthawi imeneyi iye analemba mkombero "Crimea ndakatulo" mobwerezabwereza lofalitsidwa mu mabuku otchuka: "Literaturnaya GAZETA", "Young Alonda", "Red Virgin Nthaka", etc.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

NKHONDO yoyamba ya Jaroslav Smelyakov anakumana wamba legkostrelkovoy brigade wachiwiri North ndi ku Karelian Front.

Mu November 1941, kukhala pakati, iye, ngati asilikali ake afika ku ukapolo ku Finland, komwe zaka zitatu ndi kumbuyo kusiya ntchito mopanda chifundo mbuye.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pamene mmalo awa, Smelyakov LOBISIKA udindo kulenga pa nthawi imeneyo kale wotchuka Russian ndakatulo.

Back kunyumba ya ndakatulo akanakhoza kokha mu 1944, pamene chifukwa cha Armistice ndi Finland analimbikitsa kuwombola akaidi.

Smelyakov ankamuyembekezera tsoka pafupifupi onse akaidi ukapolo Soviet - anatumizidwa ku misasa "zosefera".

Pali ziphunzitso zingapo kumene anali Smelyakov nthawi imeneyi. Amadziwika kuti anagwira wanga khala pafupi Moscow, koma pali zambiri za kudza kwake mu mafakitale tawuni Stalinogorsk (tsopano - Novomoskovsk) Tula dera.

Nkhondo Itatha

Patapita zaka zochepa m'ndende ndakatulo wawombolera wa mnzake Konstantin Simonov, amene kwenikweni chimakakamiza m'bale kuiŵalika.

Mu 1948 anafalitsa choyamba pambuyo nkhondo zosonkhanitsira Smelyakov "Kremlin anadya", zimene zinaphatikizapo ndakatulo wa zaka nkhondo.

Koma ndakatulo si motalika pa lotayirira. Kale mu 1951 osadziwika analemba chidzudzulo a umene unachitika mu nyumba Smelyakov tebulo-nkhani.

Pa ndakatulo iyi anali ndi akapolo manyazi kwa nkhani 58th wa Code Wachifwamba la Soviet Union, chimene iye ayenera kulangidwa mu mawonekedwe a zaka twente-faifi m'misasa.

Choncho Smelyakov kukumana kozizira. Camp moyo chimawononga thanzi a ndakatulo iyi.

Mu 1956 zinachitika "Stalinization" umene akaidi ambiri perekani Amnesty. Ufulu atamasulidwa ndi Jaroslav Smelyakov. Choncho, mpaka kumapeto a moyo adzakumbukira masiku "mu breech kapu ndi mtola jekete mumsasa."

Onse zaka wotsatira wa moyo wake zoyenera ntchito zolembalemba.

Panthawi imeneyi ndakatulo iyi anali kupereka mendulo atatu, komanso Prize State wa USSR mu 1967 ndi 1968.

Smelyakov anafa November 27, 1972 Kumizidwa mu Novodevichem manda ku Moscow.

moyo

Buku loyamba ndi wolemba ndakatulo chinachitika mu zaka 30. Kumakhudzana ndi dzina la wolemba ndakatulo Margarity Aliger (chithunzi iye anapereka pansipa, kutengeramo m'ma 70s), amene pamodzi ndi Smelyakov anapezeka kalabu zolembalemba.

Chidwi malo mu buku limeneli ndi mphete anapatsidwa Smelyakov ndakatulo.

Malinga Aliger pamene wolemba ndakatulo chinachitika chinachake choipa, mphete anatayika. Mwachitsanzo, zimene zinachitika pamene Smelyakov anagunda mkaidi Chifinishi.

Ndi Evdokia Vasilevna anakumana nkhondo itatha. Iye anakhala mkazi woyamba amene anakwatira Jaroslav Smelyakov. Ndakatulo Evdokia akhalira limodzi kwa zaka ziwiri: Smelyakov linatha mkazi wake kumuteteza ku chokana kuyamwa izo. Ku ukwati mwana wa ndakatulo iyi.

Banja chachiwiri, analenga Smelyakov analidi osangalala kwambiri. nthawi iyi, munthu amene anasankhidwa anali wolemba ndakatulo womasulira Tatiana Streshneva.

Ndakatulo Jaroslav Smelyakov, amene yonena anali m'nkhani ino, ndi ndakatulo moona luso, "mndandanda mbuye ophiphiritsa", gawo limene waponya nkhani kwenikweni katundu ndi lowopsya la mbiri yathu.