Peyala Duchesse. Kulima ndi chisamaliro. ikulongosola za zosiyanasiyana za

Peyala, amene mtengo lagona flavored zokoma zipatso ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse mkulu zokolola, ndi chokongoletsera ku munda iliyonse. Kuyambira chipatso ichi opangidwa sachedwa chifukwa zokoma ndi compotes, zosavuta amamwa vinyo wokoma marmalade. Kwambiri fungo kudzikondweretsa ndi kununkhira wofatsa pamene ntchito mwatsopano.

Benefits Duchesse kalasi

Imodzi mwa mfundo imatengedwa kuti mitundu ya mchere peyala Duchess - zokoma ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, ambiri kufufuza zinthu zothandiza wofunikila mankhwala thupi, lomwe ndi mbali ya thanzi.

A mbadwa ya England, anthu otchuka kwambiri kunja kwa dziko ogula ndi alimi zikomo makhalidwe monga:

• yowala, wokhathamira kulawa,
• wokongola, kulakalaka maonekedwe,
• undemanding mwa kulima ndi kukonza
• recyclability,
• nthawi yaitali yosungirako.

Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu pa ziwembu yaing'ono munda, komanso lonse mafakitale. Kalasi peyala Duchesse kumbuyo mu 1796 anabweretsa mahatchiwo Wheeler. Popularity wabweza kuyamika wina Williams, anawatumiza izi mtundu dzina pano.

Peyala Duchesse: kufotokoza

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mitundu peyala: Duchesse Duchesse dzinja ndi chirimwe. kusiyana achikhazikitso, kupatula nthawi yokolola, pali pakati pa mitundu izi. Peyala Duchesse yotentha zimapsa mu August, kukolola koyamba adzasangalala zaka 5-6 mutabzala. Amatupitsa yotentha peyala mitundu ndi yotakata, pyramidal mawonekedwe, ndi zambiri masamba. Tree yaing'ono kukula; chonyezimira osalala masamba lalikulu, chowulungika woboola pakati, mapeto ananena.

The inflorescence zambiri 5-7 maluwa kukula sing'anga; iwo amamudziwa analekerera ndi kusintha nyengo. Duchess peyala mitundu ndi mbali zimenezi, akakula ndi wokhalitsa maluwa.

Mkulu zokolola mitundu Duchesse

Zokolola za mtengo umodzi ndi amangoona kuti 250 makilogalamu mapeyala kwambiri khalidwe. Zipatso lalikulu kapena sing'anga-kakulidwe (yaing'ono sizichitika), kusunga mtengo mwamphamvu kukhwima, ndi peyala woboola pakati oblong mawonekedwe ndi penapake vuto pamwamba. Wapakati kulemera kwa peyala - 170 magalamu; magalamu 200 - ngati mtengo wamng'ono. Peel woonda, glossy ndi onunkhira; kuti chiyambi cha mndandanda wa peyala ndi kuwala wobiriwira ndi chikasu wakuda ndi flyspecked - kuchokera zipatso zapsa. Chikasu woyera thupi, yowutsa mudyo, ali kuwala muscat amakambirana m'kamwa chimasungunula. Pa 5 mfundo dongosolo tasters kulawa Chiyerekezo ake ndi mfundo 4.8. Sungani zipatso Umayamba theka lachiwiri la August; mapeyala, anamutenga ndi tsiku chifukwa, zasungidwa kwa masabata awiri mu firiji moyo alumali ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku 45.

Nthaka peyala Duchesse amakonda chonde ndi bwino ladzala ndi chinyezi. A sangathe a m'kalasi ndi kulimbikira pa avareji kwa chisanu ndi chilala, komanso propensity kukunda nsabwe, sucker.

Duchess yozizira - anabadwa mu Belgium; mtengo ndi mkulu mokwanira, kukula yaitali, korona yotakata, pyramidal. Masamba sing'anga kakulidwe, ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse ndi. The ntchito zosiyanasiyana ichi ndi ozizira. Land kubzala ayenera kuwala nthaka yachonde ndi kuteteza mphepo. zotsatira zabwino kusonyeza zosiyanasiyana ndikamezetsanidwemo pa chitsa nyenyezi yaing'ono. Mu ozizira chonyowa chilimwe pali chiopsezo cha nkhanambo zipatso kuti adzachititsa imfa ya palatability awo.

Features wa kulima yozizira duchesse

Kalasi Duchesse yozizira akuyamba kubala zipatso pa chaka 6-7th timabzala. Zimapsa mu October, ndi chuma cha kupsa, amene kumatenga mpaka December; m'mene makhalidwe onse kukoma zimasungika. M'mikhalidwe lamanja, ubwino ndalama angathe kugona mpaka kasupe (April ndi May), otsala atsopano. Makulidwe mapeyala amakhala lalikulu (350-400 magalamu), ena toyesa akhoza upambana theka kilo. Wokongola mtundu, mtundu wachikasu ndi khungu yosalala ndi kuwapanga iwo wokongola kwa aliyense, ngakhale kwambiri capricious makasitomala. A fungo wapadera, pamodzi ndi zokoma kukoma, kuchepetsa kafungo ka acidity, adzasangalala Gourmet iliyonse.

Kuchepa kwa kukoma ndi opindulitsa katundu wa mbewu zingachititse zosonkhanitsira msanga. chomera wina angathe kubala 100 makilogalamu mapeyala apamwamba onunkhira. Zipatso kukacheza pa mtengo kwa nthawi yaitali, koma mu nyengo siili amakonda kugwa chifukwa kulemera lalikulu.

Bwino ntchito peyala Duchesse mankhwala, chomwe ndi Mbali yofunika kupanga chifuwa ndi mankhwala ozizira.

kubereketsa zomera

Onse mitundu ya magulu Duchesse samobesplodnye. Choncho, muyenera kalasi-pollinator. Optimally peyala Duchesse yotentha kubereketsa zomera amatenga anyamata monga Forest kukongola Bere Ardapon, ankakonda Clapp, Pass Krassan, Olivier de A Serres, Bere Bosc. Zima wakonda kubereketsa zomera ndi Olivier de A Serres, ndi Bere Ardanpon Williams.

Mitengo gulu Duchesse bwinobwino kulekerera kupanda chinyontho m'nthaka, koma madzi iwo akufunikanso. Kutsirira ikuchitika buku zidebe 2-3 kwa chaka cha moyo chipatso cha mtengo isanayambe kapena itatha maluwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kutsanulira kachiwiri - mu kugwa.

Kubzala peyala Duchesse

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa chodzala mapeyala ankaona theka lachiwiri la April, ndipo n'kofunika kuti nthawi kuphuka. Kukulitsa zomera zosavomerezeka, chifukwa zingayambitse imfa. Pamene chodzala mu dzenje, kuya amene ayenera bwinobwino za 1 mita ndi m'mimba mwake - 60-70 cm, sikutheka lembani manyowa atsopano monga zingayambitse zilonda zamoto pa mizu. Pamene dothi osauka dzenje kubzala ayenera kutsanulira nthaka yachonde, ndipo kutero ayenera yoyamba yagwera. Kusintha nthaka bwino chisakanizo cha nthaka yachonde, peat ndi manyowa (2-3 zidebe m'dzenje). Kuyambira osakaniza zinkafuna kupanga phirilo limene kugawira mizu mmera. Koma tsogolo la mtengo protivovetrennaya akusowa thandizo, kotero muyenera pansi pa galimoto pamtengo ndipo mangani kuti thunthu la mbewu. Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa thunthu garter bwino anachita mu mawonekedwe a zisanu ndi zitatu.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusamalira zomera mulching izo zimapangitsa chitetezo cha dothi monyanyira kutentha. Pakuti mapeyala monga kuphimbira Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa, manyowa, zimene udzu ndi namsongole. Opaleshoni imeneyi anali tikuyivomereza mu nthawi autumn, isanafike kutsitsa kutentha imene mukhoza kutaika Dushes peyala.

Kupeza maonekedwe a kusamalira mtengo

Kupulumusa zomera chisanu ndi mphepo awowo sankawayankha mwansangala yozizira ndi zofunika yozizira pogona. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mmunsi mwa thunthu ayenera kukulunga nyuzipepala kapena nsalu thonje. The bwino zachilengedwe chitetezo chomera mizu ndi kuzizira - chisanu wagwa; izo chofunika nagresti padziko mmera ngati kuli kotheka. mitengo okhwima ayenera kutetezedwa akalulu; pakuti iliyonse peyala chofunika kuti mpanda yaing'ono kapena kwathunthu aziteteza dziko ndi mitengo.

Kudulira zomera opangidwa m'chaka. M'chaka choyamba cha kubzala chofunika kufupikitsa nthambi mbali ya impso, kotala limodzi - m'chigawo chapakati cha thunthu, izi kudziwa kukula kwa mtengo, osati oposa komanso chammbali.

M'chaka chachiwiri gawo chapakati ndi adzafupikitsidwa ndi 20-25 cm, ndi nthambi mbali, amene chofunika kubala 5-8 masentimita kudulira anapanga truncated phirilo (m'munsi nthambi yaitali kuposa chapamwamba).

Malamulo feteleza zomera

Peyala, monga mbewu iliyonse cimafunika zakudya. M'chaka choyamba n'zotheka kubala, kuyambira ankafika dzenje anali bwino.

Zambiri fetereza chofunika kuti m'dzinja, ndipo organic fetereza - 3 pa chaka (makilogalamu 8.5 pa 1 mita ²⁾ Maminolo - pachaka (pa 1 mita ² - 20-30 ga mankhwala enaake potassium 20-25 ga nitrate ammonium, 20-25 ga superphosphate). Feteleza analowa mu anakumba padziko chomera mabowo zozungulira kuti akuya 15-20 cm.

tizilombo Control

Kuti adziteteze nkhanambo, zokhudza masamba ndi mitengo ya zipatso mu nthawi chofunika Mphukira ndi kuphuka mapeto a chogwirira 1% Bordeaux madzi kapena 0.5% njira ya oxychloride zamkuwa. masamba Old tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwotcha (monga iwo ndi gwero mwachindunji kufala kwa nkhanambo), ndi pansi pa circumference wa mtengo pokonza 0,3% njira ya "Nitrafena".

Kulimbana sucker kuti overwinter mu masamba zipatso ndi masamba wagwa niikira kumeneko, mtengo kukonzedwa (pamaso Mphukira yopuma) mankhwala monga "Malathion" (malita 10 a madzi - 90 g) kapena "Oleokuprit". Kuyambira sucker mphutsi akhoza kuchotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi tizirombo organophosphorus.

Peyala Duchesse kwenikweni ankachita masewera wamaluwa Kodi zabwino kwambiri, Ndi bwino chifukwa chodzala mu ngodya iliyonse ya m'munda; kuphweka kukula, kukoma mkulu, portability wabwino ndi moyo wautali alumali kupanga chipatso ichi zikufunika ku osiyanasiyana ogula.