Kudula mphesa. Kukula mphesa kuchokera ku cuttings. Nthawi kuti zimere cuttings wa mphesa?

Dothi la mphesa limayenera kugulidwa kokha m'maziko ovomerezeka omwe amatsimikizira kuti zimakhala zofanana, komanso kuti palibe matenda. M'madera omwe ali ndi phylloxera, kugula mbande ndi koopsa kwambiri! Chinthu chilichonse chodzala chiyenera kutetezedwa m'magulu awiri, ndipo musanadzalemo!

Nthawi yonse

Mphesa kwa chaka zimadutsa chaka. Zili ndi nthawi ziwiri - mpumulo ndi zomera. Choyamba chimachokera ku masamba akugwa kutentha kwa nyengo. Panthawi yopuma, njira zonse ndi zofooka kwambiri. Ngakhale pa kutentha kwabwino, impso zisamere. Nthawi imeneyi imatha mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa January ndipo imatchedwa kupuma kwa thupi.

Kenaka chomera chimayamba gawo lotsatira. Amatchedwa mpumulo wopanikizika. Pachikhalidwe ichi, mphesa zimatha kudzuka mwamsanga pamene kutentha kukukwera kufika madigiri 10. Nthawiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa katemera wachisanu, komanso kukulitsa mwamsanga mbande kuchokera ku cuttings wa okalamba, chaka cha mpesa. Amasankhidwa kuchokera ku uterine baka la zipatso zokolola ndi kutchulidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zojambulajambula

Kudula mphesa ndi kusankha kwa mipesa yakucha ya kukula kwake, ngakhale ndi diso limodzi. Chosankha kwambiri ndi kusankha kwa mpesa ndi impso ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Mitengo yodulirika kwambiri ndi yomwe imakololedwa m'dzinja pakatha kumapeto kwa zomera. Pachifukwachi amawombera ndi mamita 8-10 mm amasankhidwa. Zidutswa zochepa kwambiri zimayamba mizu. Mu mitundu ina, mpesa sunali wandiweyani. Ndiye ntchitoyo idzakhala yochepa.

Cuttings za mphesa amapangidwa motere:

• Mpesa umatsukidwa kuchoka ku masitepe ndi nyamakazi.
• Mdulidwe wapansi umapangidwa mokwanira ndipo 3 masentimita pansi pa mfundo yomwe gulu kapena masamba a tendril. Mpeni umalowetsedwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate pambuyo pa ntchito iliyonse.
• Kudula kumtunda kukupangidwa molunjika ndi masentimita 4 pamwamba pa mfundo.

Cuttings a mphesa atsirizidwa, ndipo okonzekera zakusonkhanitsa amasonkhanitsa mtolo, atayikidwa pansi kumapeto ndi kulumikizana m'malo awiri. Kenaka, chizindikiro chokhala ndi dzina losiyana chimaphatikizidwa.

Kusungirako

Mabokosi a cuttings tsiku limodzi loviikidwa m'madzi, kenaka amatsitsimulidwa mu vitriol yachitsulo (3% yankho). Zotsatirazi zidzawatchinga kuti asamayidwe kwambiri komanso kuoneka ngati nkhungu. Tsopano cuttings akhoza kusungidwa.

Pali njira zingapo izi:

• Zidutswa zimayikidwa m'matumba apulasitiki ndipo zimasungidwa mu mpweya wapansi pansi pa kutentha kuchokera 0 mpaka madigiri 66.
• Mu dzenje 50 masentimita akuya, magulu aikidwa mozungulira ndikutsanuliridwa ndi mchenga wochepetsetsa mpaka iwo amawaphimba kwathunthu. Chophimba chodzala matabwa chimaikidwa pamwamba. Kenaka amaphimba zonse ndi mchenga pamwamba.
• Ngati zidutswazo sizing'ono kwambiri, ndiye kuti zili bwino kuzigwiritsira ntchito mabotolo a pulasitala amodzi ndi theka-lita ndi zitseko. Mmodzi aziyika zinthu zokonzedweratu, pazigawo zina ziwiri zazitali zamkati zimapangidwa ndikuyika pa yoyamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, palibe chofunikira, ndipo mpweya wabwino umayambika potsegulira podgi 2-3 nthawi yonse yosungirako.

Kufufuzira zokolola pamaso pa rooting

Nthawi kuti zimere cuttings wa mphesa? Izi zikhoza kuchitika m'nyengo yozizira (mu February) komanso m'chaka.

Zosungidwazo zimachotsedwa mosamala, kutsukidwa kwa mchenga, kutsukidwa ndi potassium permanganate, ndiye kuoneka kwake kumawoneka. Mtengo wa nkhuni umatsimikiziridwa ndi mdulidwe watsopano womwe uli wobiriwira. Ndipo pamene izo zimagwedeza, chinyezi pang'ono chimayambira. Pa kotenga nthawi gawo, impso ayenera kukhala wogawana wobiriwira. Kudula ndi zolakwika zilizonse (makungwa akuda kapena a bulauni, mawanga osiyanasiyana kapena mfundo zina) kuyenera kukanidwa.

Zinyezi zina zikhoza kutayika panthawi yosungirako. Iyenera kubwezeretsedwa poika madzi m'madzi otsika (madzi, mvula, thawed) kwa masiku kapena atatu. Musanayambe kuwombera, zidutswa zonse ziyenera kulembedwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Gawo lakumunsi likusinthidwa kuti likhale ndi mfundo yeniyeni yonse - nyumba yosungiramo zakudya. Kuti apange mizu yowonjezereka, gawo la cortex likhoza kukhazikika. Chitani ichi kuchokera kumapeto kwa mdulidwe ndi mpeni.

Mutu wam'mwambawu sunasinthidwe, uwuchepetse kuti ukhale wopangidwa ndi parafini kapena sera kuti usapangidwe ma bokosi ndi bowa. Impso zotsikazo ndi bwino kuchotsa - kotero kachiwiri mukhoza kuyang'ana momwe zinthu zobzala zimakhalira.

Pambuyo pazinthu zonse zakonzedwa ndikudziwika, pamene zimamera cuttings za mphesa, mukhoza kupitiliza ku rooting. Izi zimachitika m'nyengo yozizira m'zitsamba zing'onozing'ono, ndipo m'chaka cha sukulu.

Kumera mu magalasi

Njira yovomerezeka komanso yodziwika bwino. Kukula mphesa kuchokera ku cuttings mu makapu kumakhala kovuta ngati gawo lawo la pansi likuwonekera tsiku limodzi mu yankho la heteroauxin. Impso sizitsukidwa. Zakudya ndi mbande zimaphimbidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndipo zimayikidwa pamalo otentha (mwachitsanzo, batri).

Mu tsiku, pamene kukonzekera kwa cuttings kwa mphesa kumera kwatha, iwo abzalidwa mu makapu ndi nthaka. Kusakaniza kwa dziko lapansi kuli ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Humus - gawo limodzi.
• Peat - gawo limodzi.
• Dziko lodzala ndi magawo awiri.
• Mchenga wambiri - gawo limodzi.

Makhalidwe odzala cuttings angapangidwe kuchokera mabotolo a pulasitiki 1.5-lita. Galasi la masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi limadulidwa kuchokera pansipa, kutseguka kumapangidwa pansi. Mbali yaikulu ya botolo sikutayidwa. Idzabwera posachedwa kuti atseke galasi ndikupereka microclimate kwa cuttings.

Dothi la magalasi liyenera kutsanuliridwa, dziwani dzenje pakatikati ndi pansi ndi masentimita awiri.ndipo muyenera kupanga mchenga ndikudzaza pambuyo pake.

Kukula mphesa ku cuttings kudutsa malamulo onse, ndiko kuti, poyamba mapangidwe a mizu, ndiye kuwuka kwa impso, ndikofunikira kusunga zinthu zina. Kutentha kwa pansi pa chikhocho kuyenera kukhala madigiri + 30, komanso impso - zosapitirira +15. Izi n'zovuta kukwaniritsa, koma n'zotheka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukula mphesa kuchokera ku cuttings kunyumba, ndiye kuti zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pawindo. Magalasi amaikidwa pa tray yachitsulo, yomwe imayikidwa pa batiri. Chipinda chamkati chazenera chimatsegulidwa ndipo mbande zili kutali ndi chipinda cha polyethylene. Kutentha kumatha kuwonjezeredwa ndiwindo. Kukula mphesa kuchokera ku cuttings ya nyumba, kuthirira kungaperekedwe kuchokera pansipa, kupereka madzi otentha ku poto. Kupyolera m'mabowo a m'mikombe, idzalowa m'nthaka.

Mizu ikayamba kuyang'anitsitsa kupyolera mu makoma oonekera, kuzira kwa malo a impso kuimitsidwa. Pamene masamba amayamba kukula, mapulasi pamwamba pa mabotolo amatsegulidwa, ndipo ndi kukula kwachangu, malo ogona amachotsedwa kwathunthu.

Green cuttings

M'chaka, mungagwiritsire ntchito mphukira ndi trincated mphukira. Green cuttings ndi ziwiri masamba nthawi yomweyo anaika m'madzi. Kenaka mutabzala m'magalasi kapena mabokosi, pangani mthunzi wochepa mpaka mutasunthira kukula. Miyezi ya chilimwe kudula mitengo idzayamba, ndipo m'dzinja iwo amachotsedwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Mu kasupe, mbande zimayikidwa mu ndowa ndi nthaka yachonde, ndipo mu September - malo osatha m'munda wamphesa. Kuyendayenda kwa mphesa ku kasupe ndi bizinesi yowopsa, monga m'nyengo yozizira mukhoza kutaya zomera zambiri.

Kilchevanie

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungamere mphesa maluwa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chimodzi cha agrotechnical. Imawalola kuti apange callus yozungulira yomwe mizu idzawonekera mwa kanthawi kochepa. Pakuti mailesi ku cuttings a mphesa bwinobwino, dziko lapansi amachotsedwa wowonjezera kutentha. Kenaka fufuzani ngalande mozama kusiyana ndi kutalika kwa mbande ndi masentimita 20, ikani galasi pansi ndikuyika mtolowo mozembedzana, ndikuphimba mchenga. Mapeto (omwe ali pafupi ndi pamwamba) ayenera kukhala pa msinkhu umodzi. Kenaka amadzaza ndi mpweya wa utuchi kapena moss mu masentimita 2 ndi humus wosanjikiza wa masentimita 12, kuthirira madzi ndi mafelemu, pogwiritsa ntchito momwe kutentha kumayendera (+22 ... +24 ^о С). Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira nthawi ndi kumasulidwa. Kumadera akummwera, ayezi amaikidwa pansi pa ngalande kapena madzi otentha. Kilchevanie imatha masabata awiri kapena atatu.

Kukula mphesa pakati pa Russia

Zimavomerezedwa kuti kulima kwa chomerachi ndi kotheka kumadera akum'mwera. Koma lero zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera mphesa za pakati pa Russia zapangidwa.

Choyamba muyenera kusankha malo obzala. Iyenera kukhala dzuwa komanso yopanda mphamvu. Pakati pa zomera, zomerazi ziyenera kulowera kumpoto ndi kumwera.

Kukonzekera dothi, kubzala ndi kusamalira

Pambuyo kulima mbande za mphesa za mitundu yoyambirira ikuchitika bwino, ziyenera kuikidwa bwino pa tsamba. Chitani izi kumapeto kwa May, pamene chisanu chotsiriza chikudutsa. Mu dzenje lakubzala 50 ½ cm 50 mu kukula, munda wa nthaka umasakanizidwa ndi phiri losakanikirana ndi humus. Pa kukwera uku ndikuyika chomera.

Kuthira kwakukulu kumayenera kuchitika pansi pazu. Kupalira ndi kusitala ndilololedwa. Mphesa zimayankha bwino feteleza ndi mchere ndi organic feteleza. Madzi mullein ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mu kasupe kuti amange msanga mofulumira. Ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe, phosphorous imafunika, kotero kuti mpesa uli bwino ndipo uli ndi nthawi yomaliza zomera. Pa kukula konse, potaziyamu ikufunika.

Kuti apange mipesa yochuluka, ndikofunikira kuswa nthawi yomwe mphukira zowonongeka - ana opeza.

Kupanga mphesa ndi malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira

M'nyengo yophukira, atatha masamba akugwa, iwo amachita kudulira mosavuta ndi kulengedwa kwa manja (mipesa). M'chaka choyamba, m'mikhalidwe ya pakatikati pa Russia, amatsalira pa 2-3 pa mbeu.

Kwa nyengo yozizira, mphesa zimayenera kukhala zapamwamba komanso zotetezedwa. Mungathe kuchita izi monga:

• Sungani mpesa mumtolo ndi kumangiriza ndi chingwe.
• Lembani ndi spinball ndikukwera padenga.
• Kokani ndi chingwe.
• Chotsatiracho chiyenera kuikidwa pa matabwa, miyala kapena njerwa.

Malo oterowo sangapeze chinyezi panthawi ya mphutsi, ndipo mpesa sudzagwa. Dry chisanu si chowopsya ku chomera chouma.

Momwe mungachotsere bwino pogona

Zojambulazo zasokonekera mu dongosolo loyambirira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Koma musamangire mtengo ku trellis mpaka pali kuthekera kwa chisanu. Pamene ili pansi, nthawi zonse mukhoza kuphimba ndi spandball yemweyo kapena zovundikira. Komanso, pamwamba pa dziko lapansi nthawi zonse zimakhala zotenthetsa, ndipo ngati nyengo yachisanu imakhala yovuta, mpesa sudzaundana.

Kumayambiriro kwa June, ikhoza kuikidwa bwino pa trellis, koma palinso vuto lina. Panthawiyi, mphukira yafika kale kukula, kotero muyenera kusonyeza kuti mukhale osamala kwambiri, kuti musaswe.

Galasi la mphesa ndi mphukira (youma kapena wobiriwira) kumawonjezera zokolola ndi khalidwe lake. Zimathandiza kukwera kwa tchire komanso kuunikira, komanso kumasula zomera kuti zithe kugwira ntchito.

Dry garter

Zimaperekedwa panthawi yopuma, koma isanayambe kuphuka. Pamene ayamba kuphuka, ndi kosavuta kuwaswa. Mphukira chaka chatha amangirizidwa pamalo otsika kuti apange tsinde. Ngati ili pamwamba, ndiye kuti liyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo awiri kapena atatu. Mphesa yaitali, yokonzedwa kuti ikolole, imangirizidwa kumbali, kukwaniritsa kuwala kwakukulu.

Chingwe chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira iyi, yopangidwa ndi waya wonyamulira ndi mapepala akuwombera. Pamene garter ndi yofunika kuchoka pamalo osungira kuti muwombere.

Ngati chitsamba chiri chochepa, ndiye kuti chipatso chonse cha mpesa chimaphatikizidwa pansi pa trellis mumzere umodzi. Ndi miyeso yayikulu ya zomera, zina mwa mphukira zimamangirizidwa ku waya wachiwiri.

Kuphimba kobiriwira kwa mphesa kupita ku trellis

Muyenera kumangirira kangapo panthawiyi. Yoyamba - ndi kutalika kwa mphukira ya 50 masentimita. Kenaka ngati kukula ndikufikira kachiwiri ka waya. Mphukira yobiriwira imamangirira vertically, osaposa ma PC 2-3. Pamodzi. Chitani ichi ndi nsalu, nsalu, nsomba zamakina kapena nsalu ya polymer filimu.

Kukwezera kumachitika mwa mawonekedwe a chifaniziro chachisanu ndi chitatu, kupatula kusamba ndi kutentha mphukira. Ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kugaŵira iwo pa chilakolako cha madigiri 45. Motero, kuwala kwa chomera kumatuluka, photosynthesis imakula. Choncho, shuga wokhutira ndi kuchuluka kwa tannic ndi zonunkhira mu zipatso kumawonjezeka.

Ngati waya watambasula mu mizere iwiri pamwamba, ndiye kuti palibe chofunika kuti umangirire. Mphukira imabzalidwa pakati pawo, pomwe ndi chithandizo cha antenna amadzikonzera okha.