Piranha nsomba: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Piranhas - mizukwa ku m'mafilimu ndi nkhani mantha anthu ochepa koma kukhetsa mwazi wa Amazon madzi ndi mitsinje ena America South (Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina). Ndipo zimene tikudziwa za iwo? Mwina kanthu. Ndipotu nzeru okha mitundu imodzi yokha - red-bellied piranha, amene yapindula dzina zoipa.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati nsomba piranha?

Piranha banja pang'ono kuposa 60 ya nsomba. Ndipo, oddly chokwanira, ambiri a iwo - ndi herbivores, iwo pafupifupi sadya chakudya nyama. Makulidwe zimadalira mtundu wa piranhas, zimadya zambiri kufika 30 cm, ndipo awo achibale zamasamba akhoza kunenepa kwambiri ndi kukula mita kuposa wina m'litali. Ochekenera ndi amadalira mtundu, koma makamaka siliva imvi, koma ndi m'badwo kukuchita mdima. Thupi mawonekedwe a rhomboid ndi lalitali, laterally wothinikizidwa. The chakudya chachikulu zolusa wa - zosiyanasiyana nsomba madzi oyera, piranhas udye ndi nyama kapena mbalame, zimene zimapezeka panjira. Pakuti herbivores mitundu Amazon ndi makhwawa wake ndisefukira zomera zosiyanasiyana, chosafooka nsomba ndi mtedza, nthanga kugwera m'madzi.

nsagwada kapangidwe

Kuti piranha amakhala ndi dongosolo lodabwitsa la zida nsagwada, mwina chosasimbika m'chilengedwe. Timapereka kwa zinthu zonse zabwino kwambiri. Mano ndi mawonekedwe triangular ndi kukula kwa 4-5 mbale mamilimita ndi lakuthwa ngati lumo, pang'ono akunga mkati. Zimenezi zimawathandiza kuti mosavuta kudula mwa thupi la munthu ochitiridwayo, kuvula nthuli za nyama. Komanso, chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mano mwangwiro kulowa nkusani pamene kutseka kamwa, kupanga kuthamanga amphamvu. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza pa piranha kuluma fupa. Pamene kutseka m'kamwa mwa atsekedwa ngati msampha. Malinga ndi asayansi zaposachedwapa kafukufuku, ndi kuluma mphamvu ya 320 Newtons, ndipo alibe kufanana ndi nyama zakutchire. Piranha nsagwada khama kuthamanga kudutsa kuluma, za nthawi 30 kulemera kwake.

Anthu piranhas?

Ndi anthu a madzi mu America South. Amazon limafotokoza wachisanu wa madzi, mtsinjewo wa nsomba zosiyanasiyana. Piranhas padziko utali wonse wa mtsinjewu ndipo ndi nkhani ya nthano zambiri ndi nkhani ya m'deralo. The floodplain la mtsinje ali m'gawo lalikulu, mbali yaikulu limabweretsa Brazil, koma ena kuposa kuti, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia ndi Peru. Piranhas kumva chabwino ndi mitsinje ina, areolas malo awo mu dera la Africa South America ndi lalikulu kwambiri.

Posachedwapa, anthu otchuka kwambiri nsomba kusunga kunyumba ndi kuswana. Piranha mu Aquarium kukula zosakwana kukula kuti Ndi mmene kwa dera achilengedwe, ndi ena amasiya ndewu awo. N'zosadabwitsa woterowo maonekedwe oopsa, iwo ali mu malo chatsekedwa amantha ndipo nthawi zambiri zobisika m'misasa yokumba.

piranhas nsomba onse ogwirizana m'banja ndipo anawagawa malinga ndi Zoological gulu mu subfamilies atatu.

subfamily wa myelin

Myelin - gulu lalikulu kwambiri, izo limapangidwa genera asanu ndi 32 mitundu. Ndi zamiyendo Inayi ndipo mwamtheradi chabwinobwino piranhas (onani chithunzi). Nsomba chakudya chomera chakudya. Ochekenera wakufayo, malingana ndi mtundu wake. thupi mawonekedwe khalidwe, laterally wothinikizidwa ndi mkulu. Wachinyamata anthu coloration zasiliva zitsulo, ndi amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana wa mottling kuti ndi kukula kwa chokoleti mdima kuti imvi. Miyeso osiyanasiyana monga 10 20 masentimita. Anthu ambiri a subfamily lino zimaŵetedwa ku m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera. Iwo ayenera buku waukulu wa madzi ndi malo okwanira kubisa, monga wamanyazi kwambiri nsomba. Aquarium wa piranha subfamily myelin azimva bwino pamene madzi kutentha 23-28 madigiri, ndi zakudya tsiku pazikhalanso letesi, kabichi, sipinachi, nandolo ndi zina zamasamba. Ena mitundu kuthengo kudya ngakhale mtedza, mosavuta komanso yogawanika wamphamvu nsagwada zake olimba chipolopolo.

Black pacu - woimira yowala kwambiri myelin

Black pacu (kapena Amazon shirokotel), wotchuka kwambiri woimira subfamily wa myelin. Komanso, komanso yaikulu: miyeso zimasiyana 30 masentimita mita imodzi ndi zambiri, zonse zimene si mdani. Chekeni akulu ndithu wodzichepetsa, zofiirira-bulauni, koma wamng'ono ali ndi mtundu siliva ndi zambiri mawanga zonse thupi langa ndi zipsepse zokongola. Nyama Black puck ali kukoma zabwino ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu m'dera. Izi nsomba piranha. Aquarium zinthu nawonso, ali oyenera ndithu, koma kukula kwa nsomba adzakhala pang'ono zosakwana mu chikhalidwe, avareji pafupifupi 30 masentimita, ya moyo - pasanathe zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo. The zili mtundu kumafuna thanki yaikulu (malita 200) ndi bwino.

subfamily Katoprioniny

subfamily Izi ukufanizidwa ndi mtundu umodzi okha - ndi piranha mbendera. Nsomba kulibe vuto ndithu ndipo njira poluparazitichesky wa moyo, chakudya chawo chachikulu - izo mamba a nsomba, ngakhale mawonekedwe a okhala awa madzi ndi oopsa kwambiri, ndipo iwo sali otsika malinga ndi kukula kwa anzawo zimadya. Fomu mbendera piranhas diamondi woboola pakati, flattened laterally. Mtundu mamba - imvi wobiriwira ndi Sheen silvery. Chinthu chapadera ndi pamaso pa malo wofiira pa chimakwirira gill. Cheza lomaliza kumatako ndi dorsal zipsepse kwambiri elongated, pamene mchira - muzu wa wakuda mtundu. Miyeso ang'ono, kokha 10-15 cm.

nsomba, monga piranha wamba ndi wachibale wake wapafupi, makamaka zakudya (60%) ali chomera chakudya, ndipo% 40 ang'ono nsomba. Koma izo mwabata ayenera kukhala wolekana ndi nsomba zina, kapena wamng'ono kwambiri kudyedwa ndi ngozi yaikulu atasiyidwa ndi zipsepse zowonongeka ndi mwina zopanda mamba. Ngati chakudya cinyama ntchito nkhanu yaing'ono kapena nsomba, nyongolotsi, ndi chomera - masamba a sipinachi, letesi, lunguzi ndi zitsamba zina.

subfamily Serrasalminy

Awa ndi ogwirira ambiri ankhanza, subfamily ukufanizidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha ndipo mitundu 25. Iwo onse kudya chakudya nyama: nsomba, nyama, mbalame. Piranha subfamily Serrasalmina kukula angafikire kwa masentimita 80, kufika kulemera kwa 1 makilogalamu. Izi ndi owononga nyama (osanenapo nsomba), imene kukula akhoza upambana iwo kangapo, koma zimenezi sizitanthauza kuti asiye piranha. View kwa adani yaing'ono kwenikweni zoopsa: m'munsi nsagwada kwambiri mutuluka patsogolo pang'ono wopindidwa m'mwamba, maso oumbidwa anamaliza khalidwe lathyathyathya mawonekedwe a thupi. Madzi amakonda nkhosa, koma kuukira wovulalayo zinthu zosemphana ndi mzake, choncho simungathe kuti gulu cohesive nsomba. Piranhas anatani kuyenda mu madzi, amaitana chidwi. Pamene mmodzi wa iwo woberedwa, malo yomweyo amapita zina. Komanso, akukhulupirira maphunziro kuti piranhas kubala phokoso potero akupereka mauthenga kwa wina ndi mzake. nkhosa za piranhas akhoza kwa maminiti pang'ono kusiya nyama yekha fupa.

Information zoti akhoza kumva magazi patali woberedwa, - choonadi. nsomba Piranha moyo mu madzi kale loipa la Amazon, ndipo zimangochitika kuti iwo anasinthira kuti zikhalidwe za aone osauka chifukwa - ndi bwino anayamba kununkhiza. Piranhas kwenikweni amakoka magazi, ndi mbendera za maonekedwe a wovulalayo.

Komanso, sanyoza zovunda ndipo ngakhale abale awo odwala kapena ofooka. Nyama ndi anthu kuimira ngozi yaikulu ya mtundu ochepa.

red-bellied piranha

Nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri, padziko limene sitileka kulankhula - ichi piranha red-bellied. Kutalika kwa munthu wa mtundu angafikire 30 masentimita, koma makamaka iwo ndi kukula kwa Kanjedza anthu. Wamba piranha (chithunzi nsomba pansipa) ndifilimu Kamaoneka-siliva ndi kuchuluka kwa mawanga mdima lonse thupi, pa pamimba mamba ali ndi khalidwe pinki kum'chitira. Iwo amakhala nkhosa za zana anthu.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa ndi nkhani kunyumba ali otchuka kwambiri red-bellied piranha. zinthu Aquarium amathandiza kuti chifooke ndewu. Koma Aquarium akufunabe osiyana.

wakuda piranha

Izi view wina ku subfamily Serrasalminy, sizachilendo mu chikhalidwe ndi otchuka mu kuswana zoweta. Habitat - mtsinje Amazon ndi Orinoco. Thupi mawonekedwe a rhomboid, ndi mtundu mdima, wakuda ndi siliva. Achinyamata nsomba mimba chikasu. Black piranha - omnivorous chilombo mu zakudya zonse zabwino: nsomba, arthropods, atagwera mwangozi madzi a mbalame kapena nyama. Izi chiwerewere chakudya ndipo zinachititsa kuti unyinji wawo ndi mkulu wa Amazon madzi. Ngakhale aukali kuyang'ana wolephera yemweyo red-bellied piranha. Aquarium nsomba ayenera lalikulu malita oposa 300. Kuvuta lagona mu kulima piranha aukali poyerekezera ndi mzake. Kubereka ndi zotheka ngati Aquarium wa banja kudya bwino, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya nyama ali wonenepa, zimenezi kupinga kwambiri kuti zikamera wa mbewu. Mu chithunzi - wakuda piranha.

Bodza wina: piranha kuukira munthu

Weruzani ichi mwapadera zovuta, chifukwa deta zimatsutsana kwambiri. Asayansi ambiri ndi maphunziro, amene athera Amazon kuposa chaka, konse umboni kuukira, kuwonjezera, iwo, Anaika okha ndi ngozi chifukwa cha zimenezo kusamba madzi kale loipa la mtsinje, kumene kwa maminiti pang'ono kugwira piranhas, koma kuukira simuli namtsata.

Kwa nthawi yaitali pa kumva panali nkhani basi ndi anthu am'deralo, amene anavula mmodzi wa makhwawa a Amazon, ndi okwera onse kwenikweni kudyedwa ndi piranhas. History zinachitikadi mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo, anthu m'basimo 39 anaphedwa, koma anakwanitsa kuthawa. Malinga okha, akuvutika 'mitembo ndithu kwambiri kuonongeka piranhas. Koma kuweruza kaya nkhondo ndi kaya ndi chifukwa cha imfa, sikutheka.

Pali magwero odalirika a kulumidwa pa magombe a Argentina pamene woyamba kuukira kwa nsomba. Koma awa anali olekanitsidwa milandu. Maphunziro kufotokoza izi ponena kuti piranha, amene zimaswana basi amayamba kutalika kwa nyengo gombe, kumanga zisa madzi osaya. Choncho, khalidwe la nsomba zachilendo: iwo kuteteza ana awo.

Komanso, piranhas ndi owopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama mu nthawi ya chilala, pamene madzi m'mitsinje ndi pa osachepera ake, kumene kumakhudza zakudya zawo: kudya kumakhala kosavuta. Anthu akumeneko dziwani ichi ndipo musalowe mtsinje pa nthawi imeneyi. Otetezeka akuganiza kuti mvula, pamene kusefukira kwa mtsinje.

Bodza awiri: piranha kuukira mu mapaketi

Nkhani za kuukira lowopsya la akonzedwa lonse wa gululo, izo zonse kutenthetsa ambiri Mbali mafilimu. Ndipotu, anthu lalikulu musati kuyendayenda kukafunafuna nyama mu mtsinje, iwo akuima mu malo amodzi, kawirikawiri m'madzi osaya. Nsomba amadikirira nyama, ndipo mwamsanga pamene wovulalayo zikuoneka, ndi piranha imatumizidwa malo oyenera. Amakopeka ndi phokoso ndi fungo la magazi, kuthamangira ndi ena. Piranhas amakumana osati kusaka nyama ndi chitetezo kwa mdani - asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira. Zingatanthauze kuti munthu akhoza kuwononga iwo? Komabe, mdani ngakhale nsomba zolusa. Piranha, kusonkhanitsa m'magulu, ankateteza ndi anamgumiwa mtsinje, amene kudya iwo, ndipo iwo ndi chabwinobwino ndipo wochezeka kwambiri kwa anthu. Komanso, mwa adani achilengedwe a piranha - arapaima ndi caimans. The choyamba - nsomba ija, amene ankaona pafupifupi malasha moyo. Ndi chodabwitsa, heavy-ntchito mamba, ikuimira kuopseza weniweni piranhas lapansi. Nsomba, kunachitika singly, nthawi yomweyo kukhala kapolo wa arapaima. Caiman - ndi detachment ka oimira Ng'ona. Maphunziro mwazindikira kuti mwamsanga pamene chepetse chiwerengero cha caimans, pomwepo kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha piranhas mu mtsinje.

Bodza lachitatu: piranhas kuonekera mu madzi Russian

Nkhani zinachitikadi kuti, koma chifukwa cha khalidwe osasamalira kapena okonda Aquarium nsomba, kaya mwadala anathamangira mu dziwe. Mulimonsemo, nkhawa pachabe. Ngakhale piranhas ndi mwangwiro azolowere zinthu iliyonse, chinthu chachikulu cha moyo wawo bwino akanali yemweyo - ofunda nyengo ndi madzi (pakati 24-27 madigiri), amene dziko lathu zosatheka.

Ndithudi, izi nsomba zolusa. Piranhas ndi oopsa ndi adyera kwambiri, komabe nkhani za iwo nthawi zambiri glossed pa ndi nkhambakamwa chabe. Anthu zakwawoko a ku America waphunzira azikhala ndi piranhas ndipo anachititsa iwo mitundu chandamale. Nature sanalenge chirichonse achabechabe: ngati mimbulu - izo orderlies nkhalango, ndi piranhas kugwira ntchito mofanana mu matupi a madzi.