Poliyo: katemera ndandanda ana

Poliyo - ndi pachimake matenda kudwala, imene kachilombo amakhudza nkhani imvi ya chingwe msana ndi medulla oblongata. zotsatira zake ndi ziwalo, zikubweretsa chilema. Akukhulupirira kuti Russia, Europe ndi America zikadagonjetsa matenda oopsa ndipo anathandiza kupanga katemera ndi poliyo. Ndandanda mu Russia amapereka chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo mu miyezi ya moyo wa mwana.

poliyo

Poliyo - matenda pachimake amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi a serotypes atatu. Gwero la matenda anthu odwala ndi kachilombo zonyamulira. matenda imafalikira ndi fecal-m'kamwa ndi m'malovu. Ndiko kuti, mukhoza kachilomboko ndi kukhudzana, mwa madzi, mbale, mapulogalamu, amene ali ndi HIV. Mu malo kunja, ndi khola zokwanira kuti kungakhale ngati mliri. Kwambiri atengeke kanthu za ana ake kwa miyezi 3 mpaka zaka 5. Mitundu mmene HIV poliyo akuukira galimoto mtima wa tsinde ubongo ndi msana. Kukomoka kuti chimaoneka kapena matenda oumitsa khosi kapena kukula kwa ziwalo, paresis, minofu ya manja. Komanso, matenda mwina asymptomatic kapena adzawonongedwe. chitetezo chokwanira kwa moyo wonse amasunga anthu anapirira poliyo. Katemera ndandanda amalola mwana kukulitsa dongosolo yokumba chitetezo ku matenda. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti sitili pa katemera, ngakhale kudwala poliyo, munthu akhoza kachiwiri kupatsira iwo, koma nthumwi za adzachita mtundu wosiyana wa HIV.

Mitundu ya katemera

Pakali pano, mitundu iwiri ya katemera otukuka. Kusiyanitsa moyo m'kamwa katemera wa poliyo (OPV) ndi inactivated katemera wa poliyo (IPV). Mu Russia, pa mlingo boma, mitsuko onse atengedwa kuchepetsa mlingo wa matenda alionse, ndi kumanga asanazolowere matenda monga poliyo. Inoculation (Katemera ndandanda Adzaperekedwa pansipa) zikhoza kuchitika OPV ndi IPV. Onse Mabaibulo a katemera munali zonse zitatu kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda. Mu dziko lathu izo wavomerezedwa ntchito monga katemera moyo ndi inactivated. Komanso, gawo lotsiriza la yokonza ophatikizana "Tetrakok" ponena katemera munthawi yomweyo matenda monga diphtheria, kafumbata, pertussis, poliyo. Ndandanda wa katemera amalola yotsirizira ziwembu awiri. Mu mmodzi wa iwo katemera ntchito IPV ndi OPV kwa revaccination, pamene ena kumaphatikizapo kumayambiriro IPV yekha.

katemera m'kamwa

OPV anayamba mu 1955 ndi American virologist A. Sabin. Ndi zizindikiro ndi moyo koma wofooka HIV. Kunja, katemerayu ndi madzi, akuda yofiira ndi aftertaste owawa. katemera kutumikiridwa pakamwa, instillation, malingana ndende yake, pa 2 mpaka 4 madontho. Ndandanda wa katemera ndi poliyo ana pansi katemera chaka chimodzi tikulimbikitsidwa m'manda muzu wa lilime kupewa regurgitation. Mu anthu achikulire ndi anaika pa tonsils lapansi. Pambuyo ndondomeko, mu ora mukufuna kuti achotse zakudya ndi zakumwa. Ngati mwana adakali srygnul, kachiwiri anayambitsa mlingo chomwecho.

Kudzera minofu lymphoid wa pharynx ndi attenuated HIV mu intestine, kumene iwo anayamba kuchulukana, poyankha zimene chitetezo cha m'thupi amayamba umatulutsa mankhwala akupha, chifukwa chimene thupi zinapangidwa chitetezo. Pamene ali ndi ichi, yogwira HIV poliyo iwo adamulowetsa, kotero kuti matenda woterewu, kapena akudutsa mu njila yosavuta, popanda kuchititsa paresis ndi ziwalo.

katemera inactivated

Poyambirira, mu 1950, zinali George. Salk ankapereka katemera inactivated munali kupha HIV. Iwo kutumikiridwa jekeseni ndipo amachoka mu mawonekedwe a syringes disposable, nkhani ya amene ali katemera wina ndi poliomyelitis. Katemera ndandanda nthawi akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito katemera inactivated katemera wa. IPV chikuyendetsedwera intramuscularly mu ntchafu kapena mkono chapamwamba. Mu nkhani ya ntchito yake osati ayenera kupewa chakudya ndi chakumwa.

maphunziro ambiri anatsimikizira kuti katemera onse n'zothandiza n'zotheka kukhala chitetezo chokwanira ndi amphamvu matenda monga poliyo. Katemera ndandanda amalola ntchito katemera makamaka kutengera makhalidwe munthu wa mwana. chigamulochi amatenga ndi dokotala, ndi kufufuza kuyambirira ndi kusonkhanitsa mbiri zambiri zachipatala. Only patapita mwana kapena munthu wamkulu wakhala mosamala, iye anavomereza kuti katemera wa matenda monga poliyo (katemera).

katemera ndandanda

Katemera ndandanda, ndilo chikalata waukulu malamulo masiku Katemera mu dziko wathu amafuna kuti katemera wa poliyo mu magawo angapo. Pa nthawi yomweyo choyamba pa iwo (katemera) ntchito inactivated katemera, ndipo wotsatira (chilimbikitso) - moyo. Amenewa chiwembu imatengedwa kuti mulingo woyenera chitetezo chokwanira amphamvu ndi matenda.

Katemera woyamba ndi poliyo (Katemera ndandanda lithandize makolo wamng'ono Asia) ndi IRP ndi osakwana zaka 3 months. Kenako katemera anagwiritsanso IPV mu miyezi 4.5, ndi wachitatu (OPV) - miyezi 6. Ndiye amathera chilimbikitso, amenenso chikuchitika mu magawo atatu:

• miyezi 18 (OPV);

• miyezi 20 (OPV);

• zaka 14 (OPV).

Palinso ndandanda Katemera, amene ntchito yokonzekera yekha inactivated. Pankhaniyi, katemera:

• miyezi 3;

• miyezi 4.5;

• miyezi 6.

Zotsatirazi inoculation poliyo chilimbikitso ndandanda zomwe zikuphatikizapo mawu otsatirawa:

• miyezi 18;

• zaka 6.

Monga mukuonera, ntchito IPV ndandanda penapake adzafupikitsidwa. njira zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri, si yoletsedwa ku Russia.

Tikumbukenso kuti ngati pa zifukwa zina katemera ndandanda ali ankatembenukira, si koyenera kuti amusiyitse vaccinations wotsatira. masiku 45, amene kuwonjezekeredwa ngati imeneyi pakati mankhwala ndi osachepera akuti, ndipo ngati kuchuluka, pamenepo padzakhala palibe nkhawa. Mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira pa nthawi imeneyi sadzaleka, ndipo mulibe kuyamba Katemera choyamba. Ndiko kuti, ngati siteji iliyonse ya katemera anali zasiyidwa, matenda monga poliyo, katemera ndandanda basi kupitiriza chiwembu, ndipo mulibe kuyamba Katemera choyamba. Komanso tisaiwale kuti OPV ndi IPV ndi mosinthana mankhwala.

Kuwonjezera ntchito zomwe munakonza kuti ana mu Russia wochititsidwa ndi Katemera wa akulu. Izi zimachitika pamene munthu akupita ku dera kumene mkulu zochitika za matenda, kapena ngati njira muyeso vuto la mliri matenda.

zimene katemera

Ngakhale kuti katemera panopa zambiri bwino analekerera, poyankha katemera akhoza Pambuyo anachita payekha. Monga ulamuliro, OPV ndi mphamvu. Tingaone zimenezi mu kutentha liukitsidwa kuti 37,0-37,5 ° mu sabata chachiwiri pambuyo inoculation. Komanso m'masiku awiri mwina m'mimba pang'ono. Ngakhale kuti zimenezi zingachitike ali osowa kwambiri, zimachitika ndi sikutanthauza chithandizo chapadera. Monga ulamuliro, zonse mwa matenda amenewa ali okha.

Pamene kutumikiridwa IPV pa malo jekeseni zikhoza kukhala chotupa pang'ono, ndi zotheka yaing'ono kuwuka mu kutentha thupi, matenda kudya, nkhawa.

zosokonezeka

The okha kwambiri Vuto la katemera uyu ndi katemera-kugwirizana manjenje poliomyelitis - vApp. Mwamwayi, n'kovuta kwambiri. Aliyense pambuyo poti ntchito yoyamba ya OPV (osachepera - pa katemera wachiwiri) ndi chimaposa ndi mbali zonse za poliyo pano (paresis ziwalo, minofu ya manja). Chiopsezo VAPP ndi yaikulu ana ndi chitetezo chokwanira otsika, kulumala kakulidwe, ali ndi HIV kapena AIDS, ngati ntchito ndi OPV katemera. Popewa izi Vuto chimadalira yekha IPV ntchito Katemera.

Onani - anthu unvaccinated (amisinkhu) akudwala chitetezo chokwanira otsika (HIV, AIDS) kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kuletsedwa mukhoza kupeza vApp kuchokera kumezanitsa mwana OPV, kuyambira miyezi iwiri pambuyo katemera excrete HIV chilengedwe.

contraindications

Ndandanda wa katemera motsutsana poliomyelitis ana likusonyeza contraindications zotsatirazi Katemera:

• matenda pachimake kapena exacerbation wa pathologies aakulu - katemera anachedwa kwa milungu 4 pambuyo achire, mu nkhani ya otsika mphamvu SARS katemera akhoza kuchitika pambuyo normalization kutentha;

• aakulu awo sagwirizana anachita zigawo za katemera;

• immunodeficiencies, malignancies limati immunosuppressive;

• matenda a ubongo, amene anaonekera mu vaccinations m'mbuyomu.