Poonekera mpweya mu chipinda. Njira mpweya zochepa chabe pamalangizo

Kudziwa ndende zinthu zoipa n'kofunika kuti kusankha kuyamba zitsanzo mpweya. Zimenezi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndipo mumzindawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ngakhale ndi zotsatira zolondola kwambiri kusanthula pachithunzichi magazi mpweya opangidwa molakwika. Chifukwa pali zingapo zofunika ndondomeko izi:

• Muyenera kupeza nyemba, Chofanana zikuchokera zenizeni za mlengalenga;
• kudziunjikira mu chitsanzo wokha kuchuluka kwa thunthu adafuna kuonedwa zasayansi.

Air zitsanzo zosankhidwazi kumatengera zifukwa zingapo:

• boma la loitanirana ndi zinthu mu chilengedwe (ndi condensation aerosol, gasi, malasha);
• nkotheka mankhwala mogwirizana kwa zinthu ndi ozungulira malo mumlengalenga;
• chiwerengero cha zinthu mu mlengalenga;
• kafukufuku njira.

Pa kafukufuku labu ndi ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi. Ambiri - kukhumba ndi njira kusankha chotengeracho.

njira kukhumba

Ndi njira ambiri machitidwe ukhondo. Mbali njira lili mu kukhumba. M'mawu ena, iwo ankafufuza mpweya kusefera ntchito zinthu zapadera okhoza kuyamwa zimathandiza ena a kudutsa onse therethrough. zinthu izi anati absorbent sing'anga. Kuipa kukhumba mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi njira:

• Iyi ndi ndondomeko yolemetsa kwambiri.
• Pamafunika nthawi yaitali (pafupi 30 minutes). Nthawi imeneyi angayambe pafupifupi ndende ya chinthu poizoni. A ndende anakhumba zinthu mu chilengedwe mpweya amasintha mofulumira kwambiri. Njira mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ikuchitika ndi akatswiri.

Kusankha m'matumba

Njira imeneyi amakhala ndi liwiro lake. Izo ntchito pamene okha pang'ono mayeso mpweya ndipo palibe kufunika wambirimbiri ndi analyte analakalaka chitsanzo. Choncho kusankha zosiyanasiyana muli ntchito ndi zotengera: zonenepa, mabotolo, syringes ndi pipettes mpweya ndi chipinda mphira. Izi zitsanzo zosankhidwazi njira mpweya ndi tcheru kwambiri ndi zolondola.

Zochita amagwiritsa mitundu yambiri ya okonza kuyamwa. Losavuta wa iwo - madzi. chipangizo ichi kwa mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi tichipeza awiri mabotolo zofanana galasi, amene Pre-calibrated. zotengera ali pafupi 3-6 malita, kutsekera sankafuna amene machubu galasi awiri ili. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wautali ndipo kenako pansi pa botolo, ndi zina - yochepa, mathero basi pansipa kapu ya. awiri Long machubu a mabotolo chikugwirizana ndi achepetsa mphira chubu. Pakuti lalifupi akulowa absorber. Pamene achepetsa kuti tidutse madzi amalowa chiwiya chopanda kanthu ili pamwamba uja amene madzi anali pachiyambi. Panthawi imeneyi, pamwamba pa madzi kumachitika zingalowe umene mpweya mawere mwa absorber kusanthula kale. Liwiro pa soakage amenewa ali ku malita 0.5 2 pamphindi ndi buku la mpweya wopyoza absorber, yemweyo monga kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti wadutsa kuchokera ku njira cham'mwamba botolo m'munsi.

Njira imeneyi ndi nthawi yambiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri. Zisanawonongeke ankaona elektroaspirator Migunova. chipangizo chimenechi chili ndi blower magetsi ndi rheometer omwe ndi galasi chubu flowmeters awiri amene akufunika kwa muyeso wa kusankha mpweya liwiro, ndi awiri ena anapangidwa kuti liwilo. Low liwiro ali ku 0.1 1 L / Mph, lalikulu - kuchokera malita imodzi 20 pa mphindi. The mmunsi chikugwirizana ndi kugwirizana rotameters outputted kutsogolo kwa chipangizo chamagetsi lapansi. mipope izi polumikiza ogwirizana pamodzi ndi mphira machubu absorptive zipangizo. Chifukwa makonzedwe amenewa nthawi yomweyo mukhoza kusankha zitsanzo zinayi zokha. The kumtunda ali ndi chogwirira rotameter mavavu amene nawonso anachokera mu gawo kutsogolo. Zimathandiza kuti zonse mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi liwiro.

Mfundo ntchito chipangizo ichi kwagona kuti pa kusinthitsa maukonde ndi galimoto magetsi imazungulira pa blower ozungulira. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuthamanga kwa yafupika nyumba yake. Ndipo mpweya, chipangizo aikidwa, umadutsa nozzles lapansi. Ndiye iwo atatulukamo. Kuphunzira nthawi imene ndimeyi ake kudzera aspirator ndi liwiro lake zingadziŵike buku la mpweya kudutsa chipangizo mayamwidwe amene Ufumuyo nozzle lapansi.

absorbers alipo cholinga kutenga zosafunika mankhwala mpweya kudzera mwa atolankhani olimba ndi madzi. Ndipo limalephera, ndi sing'anga amusankha osati mwangozi iye. Izi amaganizira boma akaphatikiza wa zinthu pochitika phunzirolo. Komanso kufunika kuonetsetsa kukhudzana yaitali thunthu yokha ndi sing'anga absorbent.

Ngati kumene mayeso mankhwala ndi mpweya kapena nthunzi mu mlengalenga mu chiwiya, njira adziwe ngati yamphamvu kwambiri, ndiye moyenera, muyenera mabuku ang'ono kusanthula mpweya. Izi zimafuna mtanda yachigawo njira zochepa chabe pamalangizo. Ntchito mphira kamera calibrated mabotolo awa ndi ziwiya, malita 1 mpaka 5, ndi pipette mpweya 100-500 ml. Komabe, labala kamera akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso mankhwala si ndendende anatani ndi mphira. Mu mpweya si kusungidwa kwa maola oposa atatu. Iwo amawapopa mmbuyo ndi mpope njinga. Maphunziro mpweya umasamutsidwa ku calibration botolo kapena mkangaziwisi zina ndi sing'anga yoyenera.

Kusankha kuwombola njira

Pamene anaphunzira mpweya wodzazidwa pipettes mpweya ndi mabotolo, njira yotero akutchedwa njira kuwombola.

Mpweya labwino ndi ziyeso choyezera, Nkhuntho mwa dropper kapena botolo nthawi zambiri. pipette ladzala ndi mphira babu mpope. Izi ndi zotheka ndi malo lotseguka kapena n'kudzandigunda ngati iwo ali. Ndi zochepa chabe pamalangizo mapeto iwo atsekedwa. Mu nkhani ya calibration la botolo, ndi okonzeka ndi wokambirana ndi machubu awiri galasi. Izi malekezero akunja amagwira machubu mphira ndi clamps. Musanayambe kusankha tatifupi achotsedwa. Ndipo mmodzi wa machubu akulowa mpope kapena mphira thumba. Ndiye botolo uli wotsukidwa ndi mpweya pansi kufufuza nthawi zambiri. Pakutha pa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi chubu tatifupi alipo.

njira zingalowe

Poonekera mpweya mu chipinda pogwiritsa ntchito botolo wandiweyani-n'zotsimikizira. M'pofunika kuti akonze zoti zikugwira ndi mpope wapadera Komovskogo. Mpweya mayeso ndi mawere ku botolo vuto yotsalira kuti Mitandadza 10 15 mamilimita Hg. Ndiye muyenera kutseka achepetsa pa chubu mphira. Detach ku mpope cholandirira. Ndipo pa mapeto a galasi mphira chubu amaika ndodo. Pamalo zitsanzo zosankhidwazi chidebe lidzatsegulidwa. Iye mwamsanga wodzazidwa ndi mpweya kudzera ofanana. Malinga ndi zochepa chabe pamalangizo mapeto a kopanira ndi tili m'mavuto, ndi dzenje malo mphira chubu kuika ndodo galasi.

kuthira njira

Air zitsanzo zosankhidwazi pipette kapena kutulutsa mpweya n'zotsimikizira botolo. Ali odzazidwa ndi madzi wapadera, amene ayenera samva ndi mankhwala mayeso makamaka kuyimisa nchito nyumbayi. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi zambiri ntchito madzi opanda. Pamene njirayi mulibe, kutsatira ntchito ano zimalimbikitsa njira (hypertonic) wa sodium wochuluka kapena kashiamu mankhwala enaake.

M'malo mwa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi madzi udzathiridwa, ndi chotengera ladzala ndi mpweya pansi kuphunzira. Ndiye, mphira chubu alipo clamps wapadera, ndi kuvala malekezero a galasi timitengo kapena kungoti kutseka mavavu onse pa pipette mpweya.

chitsanzo ukhondo

zitsanzo izi anasonkhana kwa kusanthula mankhwala ndi kudziwa okwana fumbi zili mu zone ya kupuma ndi mita theka pamwamba.

Kuphunzira mpweya chifukwa mpweya wa mabizinezi mafakitale, ndi kudziwa pafupifupi tsiku pazipita umodzi ndende zinthu zoipa mu mlengalenga. zitsanzo ukhondo mpweya anasonkhana pa nthawi zambiri wamkulu kuipitsidwa ndi mbali mphepo ya gwero. Tengani osachepera zitsanzo khumi pa malo onse ndi fupipafupi nthawi. Kusankha zitsanzo mpweya amatenga pafupi maminiti makumi awiri. Ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda kuchokera ku gwero, omwe umachokera ku kuipitsidwa (palibe makilomita oposa asanu, kusanthula zolondola sangathe), kutalika nazonso kuchuluka kwa mphindi 40.

Kudziwa nyukiliya ndiponso carcinogenic zinthu zofunika mawere kudzera buku lalikulu Zosefera mpweya. Chifukwa ndi kumene anthu kuphunzira zinthu alipo zedi ochepa. Mu ndondomeko ya kutenga zitsanzo mpweya zomera lalikulu mafakitale ndi poizoni maphunziro zili (monga mpweya, nthunzi) kapena wambirimbiri fumbi ali yofunika malo kusankha mfundo. Mu malo mafakitale kapena nyumba omangidwa anagawira Mankhwala oipitsa. Air chilengedwe zonse ndi mosintha yam'manja. Pazifukwa izi, zipangizo chitsanzo kwa mlengalenga kumene ndondomeko ntchito pa msinkhu wa wina ndi mamita theka kuchokera pansi. Izi imatengedwa mlingo wa kupuma wantchitoyu. kosangalatsa wina angalande mayesero atatu: pachiyambi, pakati ndi mapeto a tsiku logwira ntchito. Pa nthawi ya adani awo ayenera kuganizira chinyezi ndi kutentha mpweya mu chipinda. Mayamwidwe zipangizo, amene anafunika kubala zochepa chabe pamalangizo mpweya zomera mafakitale, amatikumbutsa machubu galasi, amene munasindikizidwa pamwamba ndi kusindikizidwa ngakhale ndi awiri machubu galasi. Kudzera paipi yaitali mpweya kusanthula kale. Ndipo kupyolera lalifupi, iye akudutsa ku blower kudzera rheometer lapansi. The mmunsi mwa absorber lakonzedwa kuyamwa madzi kupyolera amene mpweya ayenera mawere kusanthula kale. Kusankha ntchito m'dera zitsanzo mpweya ndi koyenera kuti lidzigwira ntchito za masiku onse ogwira ntchito ndi kupereka kantchito kwa ndodo. Malinga ndi malamulo ndi chitetezo panopa malamulo a ndondomeko imeneyi kumangako.

njira yokoka kusankha

Njira imeneyi mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi mu m'nyumba kapena panja zochokera chakuti particles wandiweyani kuti zizikhala izo, kuthetsa mchikakamizo yokoka. Probozabornik Durham - chida chachikulu, amene ntchito zitsanzo yokoka zitsanzo zosankhidwazi yozungulira mpweya. Akamanena za ntchito yake ndi iyi. Chofukizira chida ali anaikapo mu wapadera galasi Wopanda, amene yokutidwa ndi glycerine gel osakaniza. Kenako anachoka mu mlengalenga kwa tsiku. particles ndi kuwatumiza kudzera otaya mpweya, ndi anakaika pa Wopanda. Komanso, mu zasayansi pansi maso anatsimikiza mtima kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka particles. Zotsatira akuimira chiwerengero cha particles zakhazikika centimeter lalikulu patsiku. Mphamvu mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi njira ndi zotsika mtengo komanso osavuta Komabe, ilo liri ndi zovuta zake:

• Zotsatira Analysis kungakhale zolakwika chifukwa cha zinthu monga malangizo, liwiro mphepo, mpweya, ndi chinyezi;
• patsiku yothetsa nthawi pang'ono particles;
• pa galasi Wopanda mu zambiri kupeza particles zazikulu;
• Zitsanzo anasonkhana akatswiri, ichi ayenera zipangizo wapadera ndi aspirators kwa mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi.

The njira volumetric

Akamanena za njira izi ndi kuti particles amene inaimitsidwa mu mlengalenga, kukanirira mu zopinga woyikidwa wasefukira. Air zitsanzo makampani katundu ayenera kusonkhanitsa osachepera kamodzi pa chaka. Kumbali ya njira ntchito probozaborniki amenewa:

• Makina. pamwamba wake kusonkhanitsa ali ndi chinthu chapadera, ndiye zimayenda chifukwa nthawi zina ndi liwiro bwino. Chifukwa cha chitsanzo ndi chipangizo imeneyi yafotokozedwera ndi nambala ya zakhazikika nthawi patsiku pa centimeter lalikulu. Njira kumatha chikoka cha malangizo mphepo ndi liwiro pa chifukwa kusanthula potero kupereka kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane. Academy of Allergology ndi Immunology limalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo kukhala mu mpweya m'mlengalenga zinthu zoipa.
• Kukhumba probozabornik kusanthula angaphunzitse mpweya kudzera Kakhungu fyuluta ndi anakonzeratu pore awiri. Pamwamba kusonkhanitsa pofuna kuti chitakhazikitsidwa particles kukula ena. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa spore Buharda msampha, mmene pamwamba kusonkhanitsa ikhoza kusunthidwa pa liwiro la millimeters 2 paola. Izi zimathandiza kuti mungawononge mmene anthu ambiri tinthu mayeso mpweya. Mu wagawo pali nyengo vane choncho mphepo malangizo sikumangotikhudza zotsatira komaliza.

Lowunikira zotsatira yokoka kusankha njira angazindikire particles lalikulu (mwachitsanzo ragweed mungu). zolinga kufufuza ntchito wamphamvu ndi zolondola njira obemometrcheskie.

kafukufuku wa kuipitsidwa

Malinga ndi malamulo panopa pali mpweya zitsanzo zosankhidwazi. GOST 17.2.3.01-86 zofunika kwa kusanthula moyenera komanso zolakwa kuwerenga.

Pofuna kuphunzira mlingo wa mpweya latsopano la Russia, ife anayamba wapadera akuti - "pazipita kololeka ndende". Pakali pano, tili ndi mtima pazipita chovomerezeka malire. mu mpweya zoipa zopezeka ndende ayenera kukhala osati oposa mazana asanu zinthu. Air zitsanzo angathe kulamulira zinthu.

The kololeka pazipita akuganiza kusakanizikana kwambiri moyikirapo mpweya amatanthauza nthawi yeniyeni ya nthawi ndi nthawi kapena moyo wa munthu sadzakhala ndi zingakuvulazeni izo (ndi zotsatira yaitali atengedwa mu nkhani), kapena pa chilengedwe.

Pankhani lalikulu mpweya ndende ya chitsanzo mpweya anachita, ndi voteji mu nkhani iyi ndi pafupifupi 33 kV / cm. Pamene kuwonjezeka kuthamanga ndipo ukuwonjezeka mavuto.

Pali Laboratories, mabungwe kafukufuku ndi akatswiri mseri oyenerera, amene mothandizidwa ndi katundu wamakono komanso zipangizo zina zamakono kudziwa ndi kuthetsa zinthu zoipa m'nyumba, nyumba, maofesi, malo, ndi zina zotero. Air zitsanzo zosankhidwazi zachitika antchito ukhondo siteshoni AIDS ndi kupita kuphunzira mu zasayansi.

Kodi kuteteza kwanu

Ngati muyamba kuona kuti achibale anu (kapena nokha) akudwala thupi lawo siligwirizana ena zifukwa osadziwika zosaoneka, muyenera kudzipenda zitsanzo mpweya mu chipinda. Pali njira zingapo. Normal fumbi, nkhungu, radon, kapena zosiyanasiyana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mlengalenga m'mavuto thanzi anthu, ana makamaka achinyamata. Zochepa chabe pamalangizo zitsanzo mpweya chofunika pa nkhani ya thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi ena wachibale. Njira zimene zingakuthandizeni kuona mmene mpweya zipinda:

• Muyenera kukhazikitsa mpweya monoxide chowunikira. Limeneli liyenera kungathandize kwambiri ndipo popanda kukokomeza, kumapulumutsa miyoyo. Kukhazikitsa wagawo laling'ono Ndikofunikira kuti malo ogulitsira khoma. Ngati sensa ndi anapereka chenjezo, ndiye asintha mlingo lathyathyathya wa carbon monoxide. Monga mukudziwa, gasi ndi colorless ndi pafupifupi odorless, choncho udindo wa sensa ndi aatali kwambiri, angapulumutse moyo wanu.
• Njira ina kukapempha kunyumba kwanu - izo likuyesetsa ya mpweya radon m'nyumba. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati nyumbayo ili pafupi malo ambiri ureniamu mu nthaka, tingayambe kudzikundikira radon. Air zitsanzo mu nyumba iyi ayenera ikuchitika pafupipafupi. Pali zida anafuna kusanthula mankhwala zili radon mu mlengalenga. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha. Kukhazikitsa ndi kuwasiya iwo kwa masiku atatu. Pambuyo akonzedwa izi Akusonkhanitsa ndipo amatanthauza zasayansi kwa kufufuza ndi chigamulo.
• Mukhozanso kugula zida mayesero mpweya pamaso pa spores nkhungu. Kuona ngati bowa nyumba kapena nkhungu, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kusanthula mpweya khalidwe adzafuna. Kawirikawiri agwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ngati banja yemwe akudwala chifuwa kapena sinusitis. Zipangizo kuwunika, mungagwiritse ntchito zanu. Komabe, kuti zotsatira mukufunabe kuti ntchito misonkhano zasayansi.
• Kunyumba, inu akhoza kufufuzidwa pamaso pa airborne nthata fumbi. zodabwitsazi alipo pafupifupi m'nyumba zonse, makamaka payekha, pafupi ndi dziko ndi nkhalango. Komabe, ngati ndende nthata, nsikidzi, utitiri kwambiri, ndi pafupifupi chinthu chomwecho monga mpweya poizoni. Yoganizira zasayansi wapatsidwa vial laling'ono, limene aikidwa mu chitsanzo mpweya, ndiyeno anatumiza kwa zasayansi kwa kusanthula ndi zotsatira.

Atalandira zotsatira ayenera ankafotokoza zinthu zogwirizana. Kuthetsa iwo, pali gulu lapadera la anthu amene amagwira ntchito pa foni.