Pskov-Mapanga obisika. Mapanga a Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa

Mmodzi wa waukulu kugwira ntchito mchitidwe umenewu mu Russia, ndi zaka zoposa zisanu mbiri, ndi wa amonke kwambiri akulemekezedwa mu dziko - ndi Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1473. Malowa ali pamtunda pafupifupi kumalire ndi Estonia.

History of obisika ndi

Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa anaonekera m'phanga pafupi ndi mtsinje Kamenetz. The oyamba amatchulidwa mbiri mu 1392. Malinga ndi nthano ankakhala Chimonko amene anathawa kum'mwera kwa dziko kuthawa kuzunzidwa kwa Crimea Chitata. Mu 1470, padziko lino Yona Chimonko, mbadwa ya St. George (tsopano Tartu), anamanga mpingo, omwe anali opatulidwira mu 1473. Ndi pa iye anapanga Pechersk obisika. Mu Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa mu XVI m'ma mzinda Pechora.

Mu masiku akale zinali n'kopanda, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango moti. Osaka muno tinaona munthu wachikulire akupemphera pamwala, atamva kuimba hermits. About palibe zambiri, pali dzina la Mlangizi wawo wauzimu - Mark. John, mkazi wake Maria (dzina kumene kumakhala Amonke anatenga Vassa) ndi Mark anali anthu oyamba a malo awa.

Mchenga phiri anakumba John Mpingo wa Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Patapita kanthawi Vassa anamwalira (iye anali kudwala asanabwere pa dera Pskov). Bokosi ndi thupi la womwalirayo anaikidwa m'manda ku phanga. Koma ndinadabwa lake lalikulu, tsiku lotsatira bokosi anasokonezeka yotengedwa lapansi. Yona ichi monga chizindikiro kuchokera kumwamba. Iye anandiuza kuti pa nthawi ya maliro panali chinachake cholakwika. Choncho Vassa otpeli mobwerezabwereza adampereka dziko lake. Koma mmawa wotsatira chinthu chomwecho chinachitika. Yona anaganiza zochoka bokosi padziko.

Kuyambira kale, kuti sasiya kanthu za chisomo mu mapanga a obisika a. Kwa zaka zingapo, ndi mabokosi ndi agulupa womwalirayo, yemwe anafa pa asilikali kunkhondo, komanso okhala tenements si kuikidwa. Kuphanga pali necropolis wa anawasema obisika, amene anadzazidwa ndi linada ndi dilapidated bokosi mpaka anawasema lapansi. Si anati zizindikiro lawola matupi.

olambila Yona

Pambuyo pa imfa yosayembekezereka ya Vassa Yona anabwera kwa moyo wodzimana. bwenzi lake lapamtima ndi wolandila Misayeli mmonke pa phiri anamanga mpingo nkhuni Theodosius ndi Anthony. Pambali ake kudula maselo kwa anthu woyamba.

Mwatsoka, obisika posachedwa Old pa phiri anatentha anthu a ku Order Livonia. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, pamene abbot anali Dorofei, kachisi anaganiza kuti asamukire ku m'tsinde mwa phiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife anawonjezera Mpingo wa Akukwera, anamanga phanga mpingo wa Theodosius ndi Anthony. Pa nthawi yomweyo mpingo inamangidwa Cincino Martyrs of Sebaste, anayamba pomanga belfry wa agulupa lapansi. thandizo lamtengo wapatali pomanga anathandiza Misyurov Munekhin - munthu wophunzira kwambiri, achipembedzo, amene anali okhoza kumvetsa ndi kuzindikira kufunika njira Pecher.

ntchito yophunzitsa

Munekhin abbot ndi woyang'anira Korneliyo. Pamene Pskov-Mapanga Woyera Dormition ansembe yotchedwa zambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka chiwerengero cha Chimonko, anaonekera ukalipentala, ziwiya zadothi, kukambirana chizindikiro kupenta. Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa kale m'masiku amenewo akhoza kunyadira laibulale zazikulu. Panali lachitatu Pskov amafotokoza. Mapanga a zopereka kuti anapulumuka makalata a John IV Prince Andrew Kurbsky.

The abbot Korneliyo chinkhoswe mu kuwala kwauzimu - anapanga akachisi kum'mwera kwa Eastland, anatumiza ansembe. Komabe, ntchito yophunzitsa zinaimitsidwa chifukwa bwino lankhondo la Germany.

Ndi Ivan m'khutu Pskov-Pechora obisika anali atazunguliridwa ndi linga lolimba. Agulupa Mpingo wa Annunciation ndi mwala anamangidwira. Pakuti musketeers wa asilikali, amene anali kuchita utumiki okhazikika, tinamanga Chipata St. Nicholas Mpingo, umene zokhudza nsanja nkhondo. Pa za Livonia nkhondo, agulupa kawirikawiri poyera kuti kuukira kuchokera kumadzulo.

Pskov-Mapanga Woyera Dormition ansembe yotchedwa lero

The otsetsereka a chigwa kwambiri, ena skirting pa chigwa kudzera umene ukufika mtsinje wa Kamenetz motsatizana malinga a Pechersk linga. A okwana kutalika mamita 726, makulidwe ukufika mamita awiri. Today ang'onoang'ono dongosolo tichipeza 9 nsanja. Mu mbiri yake yaitali, ndi Pskov-Pechersky Dormition ansembe yotchedwa mobwerezabwereza anatsutsana ndi matenda asilikali Livonia, kutsogozedwa ndi Stefan Batory (Livonia Nkhondo), olamulira Swedish - Charles XII ndi Carl-Gustav, Hetman Chodkiewicz (Poland). Mbiri zokhudza za asilikali obisika, ndi zochuluka wotchuka wa zokometsera wolimba - Chimonko ndi oponya mivi chinatha m'kati Great kumpoto nkhondo. Panthawi imeneyi malire kumadzulo kwa Russia anasamukira ku Nyanja Baltic.

amwendamnjira kwambiri

Kuyambira kale, kuli obisika anadziwa zonse za Great Russia ndipo, ndithudi, Moscow. Pskov-Pechora obisika anakhala malo Haji korona anthu nthawi zosiyana. Pafupipafupi mlendo pano anali Ivan Grozny, amene walapa moyo wawo yophwasulidwa ya Abbot Korneliyo. Pa nthawi ina idagwa kukayikirana suspiciousness wolamulira. kanayi anapita Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa Peter I. wapamwamba mphunzitsi, limene akukhala obisika, ndipo anakhalabe mu chikumbukiro cha ulendo kumpumulo ichi cha Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna. Mu 1822, inu mwakhala pano, ndipo Alexander I. Iye anali kuyankhula kwa mpanda wa agulupa ndi wamasomphenya Lazaro. Pa ulendo mu 1903 panafika Nikolai II. Pano pa chiyambi cha 1911 napemphera kumeneko Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna.

obisika msikiti

Ancient obisika kulikonda mwa makoma ake zithunzi wapatali. Obisika Pskov-Pechora, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani ino ali tiakachisi atatu. Kwenikweni, chizindikiro ichi cha Virgin Mary kuti imatengedwa mozizwitsa. Iye paphwando chaka kutenga chionetsero. Komanso, ndi chizindikiro cha kutengeka ndi mtetezi wa Pskov-Mapanga. Anasunga umboni mu mbiri mozizwitsa kuti tapangidwa zikomo zotheka tiakachisi izi. Zizindikiro zasungidwa mu Mfundo Cathedral ndi Cathedral St Michael.

akulu obisika

Masiku ano, ena obisika, yemwe walunjika ndi M'busa Eusebius mosamala kwambiri amasunga miyambo ya obisika, ndi kutsatila malamulo ndi malamulo a obisika a. Pali anthu odabwitsa moyo. Akulu a Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa - chitsanzo cha kupembedza koona ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba. Iwo archimandrites Adrian (Kirsanov) ndi John (Krestiankin) - Nthano ya Mpingo Orthodox ndi zitsanzo pakhalidwe kumene kumakhala Amonke moyo.

Oyera a Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa ndi chitsanzo osati ansembe akukhala obisika lero, koma Akhristu onse Orthodox. Izi M'busa Mark, M'busa Vassa, M'busa Yona, Rev. Dorofei, M'busa Lazaro, St. Simeon.

obisika lero

Lero, zikwi la alendo angadze ku malo ano umboni malo opatulika kwambiri. Mbiri ndi mapulani chipilala, ndi chidwi chachikulu kwa asayansi padziko lonse lapansi - ndi Pskov-Mapanga obisika. Maulendo bungwe pano mabungwe ambiri kuyenda kuchokera m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko lathu. Kukawona wa agulupa ndi wapadera.

Monga tanenera kale, agulupa panopa. Iwo makamu utumiki. Kukhudza tiakachisi, ambiri anabwera kwa Pskov-Mapanga obisika. Chofunika apa, nawonso kuitanitsa. Mwina aliyense akudziwa chimene iwo ali. Amafuna - izi ndi mwambo wopatulika, zomwe zimachititsa wansembe anapempha wokhulupirira yekha kapena anthu kumuyandikira. Iwo anapempha munthu kwa Ambuye, chimene alandire ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo.

Today n'zotheka kupala miyambo kwa obisika Pechersk pa Intaneti. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kulowa malo obisika, amene anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe angachitire izo. Olamulira tsiku ndi tsiku kusakatula onse anatumikira "zolemba" muyende iwo abbot ya agulupa Archimandrite Tikhon.

m'mapanga obisika

Monga tanenera kale, phanga ndi kachisi analenga Pskov kale wansembe John Shestnik.

Mapanga a Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa - Ndipotu, agulupa manda. Chiŵerengero m'manda akadali chosadziwika. Amati m'manda pano anthu oposa 14 000. Pali palibe maziko a sayansi chodabwitsa, amene asunga m'mapanga kwa zaka: ndi ikhazikike kwambiri ndi kutentha mpweya ndi nthawi zonse. Komanso, fungo Mwamsanga yomweyo decomposing thupi.

Asayansi ndayesera kufotokoza zodabwitsazi katundu osaka sandstone, okhoza kuyamwa zofukiza, Chimonko amakhulupilira kuti akugwirizana ndi kupatulika kwa malo awa.

Tours m'mapanga agulupa anasiya mumaona kwambiri pa onse amene angayerekeze kuti tikacheze. Njira aunika yekha ndi makandulo, kuzungulira chete kulira ... Ndipo ngati komanso wansembe yemwe amatsogolera ulendo, anati, "zoopsa" mawu machimo anthu ndi analipira iwo, si yekha.

Pafupifupi pa khomo zotsalira phanga la Oyera Mark, Yona, Lazaro, ndipo Vassa.

Mogwirizana kuchokera pakhomo, seveni ngalande. Iwo akutchedwa misewu, omwe unakhala ndi lengthened zaka. Mlongo wotchedwa misewu chachisanu ndi chimodzi. Nawa anaika ansembe a obisika a. Angelezi anakwiriridwa mu tambirimbiri ena.

Kumapeto kwa misewu chapakati wa nthumbi pali kandulo wapadera. Iwo chokongoletsedwa monga tebulo kakang'ono ndipo akhacemerwa Eva. nyimbo yoimba polira (chikumbutso ntchito) kutumikira pambali pake. Kumbuyo Hava ali lalikulu matabwa mtanda, lamanja la amene anaikidwa Metropolitan Veniamin Fedchenko.

malo wa nthumbi - malo apadera kukwatulidwa kwa oyera, mapemphero a olambira akhathamiritsa. Wapadera luso mbiri chipilala.

Kopanda phanga kachisi

Naye staircase lonse. Pamwamba pa khomo aikidwa chifanizo cha Lady Wathu Kiev. Padenga akukumana kunyumba, pali mitu isanu amaveka korona mitanda. Khosi chokongoletsedwa ndi atsogoleri a zithunzi wopatulika.

Mofanana choyambirira ndipo mkati mwa kachisi. Iwo ali mipita atatu m'litali ndi zisanu - m'lifupi. Amawapatula ndi makina yomanga, alimbane ndi njerwa. Izi amalenga chitonthozo chapadera. Chipinda ndi lalikulu ndithu, pali nthawi zonse alipo ngodya phe amene kuwala kwa nyali mungapemphere.

Mu kuya kwa tchalitchi, kumbali yakum'mwera, mu mwapadera okonzeka kagawo kakang'ono zotsalira M'busa Korneliyo.

belfry lalikulu

Suli kutali ndi mpingo wa Akukwera ndicho belfry kapena belu nsanja, monga mChipangano. Stone-dongosolo, wopangidwa mwa mizati angapo, kukhala mu mndandanda kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu nyumba kamangidwe ka mtundu umenewu. The belfry ali asanu ndi chikhatho chimodzi chachikulu ndi imodzi imene inamangidwa patapita nthawi yaitali. Ndiyamika ndipamene gawo lachiwiri.

The mabelu a Pskov ansembe yotchedwa - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo kwambiri osati dziko Pskov, komanso Western Russia.

Mpingo wa ayeretsedwe ndi

Linamangidwa mu 1670 pa malo a kachisi analipo wa Annunciation lapansi. Sretensky Cathedral - nyumba yosanjikizana ka njerwa anapanga zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe. Mpingo uli pa nsanja yachiwiri. Guwa ali kagawo kakang'ono chapakati cha guwa ndi ochepa niches kakang'ono dyakonnika. The khonde anapambulwa chachikulu pakhoma. Iwo ali mipata atatu. mazenera onse zooneka ngati arches. Nthaka pansi m'kachisi yokutidwa ndi rustication yosalala.

Pa kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa mpanda wa mpingo Sretensky anasunga zojambula, amene mobwerezabwereza wabwezeretsedwa. makoma kum'mwera ndi kumpoto ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi pilasters. makomawo ndi njerwa, ndiye pulasitala ndi kupenta.

akufuna kutseka

Mu mbiri yake yaitali ya Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa osati kutsekedwa kwa zaka zoposa mazana asanu.

Mu Soviet Union, mobwerezabwereza anayesa kutseka agulupa ya mapanga. Pakuona kukumbukira kuti tsiku lina ntchito wina anabwera kwa iye ndi malamulo kutseka. The abbot adapanga yodziwa mwasankha namponya ku moto woyaka. akuluakulu n'kufooka Komanso, popanda zikalata, mopupuluma anabwerera.

Abbot Alipio, anakumana oimira boma lotsatira, ananena kuti obisika nyumba zambiri zida zambiri abale ali kutsogolo-mzere asilikali. Iwo adzateteza obisika mpaka anamwalira. Iye anachenjeza kuti kutenga obisika zitha kukhala mwa mpweya Mwamsanga anauza mwa wailesi "Voice of America". mawu awa anapanga bungwe kuganiza. Oddly zokwanira, koma kuopseza ntchito. Kwa kanthawi obisika kwa ndekha.

Zikatero, pamene agulupa akanatha kutseka kapena kuswa, zinali zambiri, koma nthawi iliyonse ena njira zovuta kuzimvetsa anakhalabe n'komwe.