Pulezidenti lachiwiri la Ukraine Leonid Kuchma: yonena, zithunzi

Leonid Kuchma (anabadwa August 9, 1938) anali pulezidenti lachiwiri la palokha Ukraine 19 July 1994 mpaka 23 January 2005. Iye anatenga ofesi athana 1994 chisankho cha Pulezident, akugonjetsa Goliyati - pulezidenti nkoyenera Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma anali mpando ndi mavoti kwa zina akuti zaka zisanu mtsogoleri mu 1999.

malo awo a chiyambi ndipo anayambira

Kodi anayamba ulendo moyo wake, Leonid Kuchma? yonena wake anayamba m'mudzi Chaikino ulimi Chernigov dera. atate wake, Daniel Prokofievich (1901-1942) anatumikira monga sapper mu nthaŵi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, iye anavulazidwa ndipo anamwalira mu chipatala munda m'dera Novgorod, pamene Leonid zaka zinayi. Mayi Praskovya Trofimovna ntchito moyo wake wonse ulimi.

zaka kuphunzira

Leonid Kuchma pambuyo kutsekedwa sukulu kumidzi analowa Physics-zaumisiri luso (FTF) Dnepropetrovsk State University, sukulu mu chaka 1960, chiyeneretso cha ntchito yokonza makina. chakuti FTF zinali zovuta luso, mtundu wa koleji luso mu ambiri yunivesite. Zakhala anakonzedwa kuphunzitsa akatswiri kukhala mu dera Dnipropetrovsk zaka 50 lalikulu danga-roketi kupanga. Choncho, ambiri amene anamaliza ake anali kutumizidwa kukagwira ntchito pa Kumwera Machine Kumanga-Bzalani kapena roketi CB "South", lomwe 50-60-ntchentche kutsogozedwa ndi wotchuka General Mlengi M. K. Yangel. Palinso anatumizidwa ku injiniya wamng'ono Leonid Kuchma.

A ukwati wabwino ngati injini ya ntchito

Kodi mwayi kuswa mu udindo utsogoleri mu Bureau, kumene mu zaka wabwino ntchito mpaka 20 chikwi. Wogwila, ambiri amene omaliza ŵa mayunivesite luso mu Moscow ndi Leningrad, anali ndi mnyamata Chiyukireniya pambuyo akuzigawo mlingo sukulu ya sekondale ya maphunziro amene anali bwino pansipa? Ndiko kulondola, palibe. Ndipo komabe, Leonid Kuchma mu 1982, wakhala Choyamba wachiwiri General Mlengi, amene anali pamenepo V. F. Utkin. Ndipo patsogolo kuti iye anali pafupi usinkhu wa 7 zaka chipani kulinganiza KB, ndipo panali oposa 10 zikwi chikominisi mu chipani gulu lake, kuti poika Mlembi wa bungwe Party mu timu imeneyi unali mwayi wapadera wa Komiti chapakati cha CPSU.

Iye akanakhoza bwanji zikuwayendera bwino? Kutitsogolera kuwala Leonid anakhala ukwati wabwino wa mwana wamkazi wa ndiye mkulu technologist Yuzhmash kenako anasamukira ku Moscow, Unduna wa General Engineering monga mutu wa mmodzi wa matabwa chapakati. Kumene, ndi udindo waukulu bambo apongozi anapereka ntchito yake ndi patsogolo koyamba.

Ntchito mu nyengo ya Soviet

Ambiri, mulimonse, koma zaka 15, Leonid Kuchma, zachoka injiniya wamba kuyesa chida luso woyang'anira pa Baikonur Cosmodrome pamalo a Wothandizira Chief Mlengi. Ndi zoona, chidwi kwambiri ndi perpektivnaya (m'lingaliro zina ntchito kukula) positi. Pambuyo kukonzekera zonse Launch yekha chida Launch - chifukwa cha ntchito ya anagwirizana mabizinezi ambiri ochokera konsekonse Soviet Union, nawo mapulani komanso kupanga dongosolo lonse mzinga, womwenso kuwonjezera pa chombo yokha alinso Launch PAD kapena langa, zikutanthauza zoyendera machitidwe zida kasamalidwe, telemetry, navigation etc. Kupita patsogolo kwa lipoti mayeso tsiku mutu wa Moscow ndi apamwamba akuluakulu zosakhudzana ndi usilikali, pamafunika mabungwe ambiri akuluakulu. Iye nthawi zonse kuona ndi kumva, aliyense akudziwa, izo akutchulidwa mtanda malipoti ndi mawu akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Atagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo pamalowa, katswiri nthawi kuziika mu mpando mkulu posts amphamvu kampani chawo (kapena bungwe lina).

Ndipo ngwazi wathu mu 1975 anasamukira ku mpando wa chipani mlembi woyamba "Kumwera" ndiyeno Yuzhmash. Wa komiti ya chipani cha mbewu Kuchma anapita ku malo Choyamba wachiwiri General Wopanga KB mu 1982, ndipo pamene mapeto a 80s iye anapuma wotsogolera zaka zambiri "Yuzhmash" Makarov, anaikidwa ku positi wopanda munthu.

Choncho, pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa USSR, iye anabwera ndi ulemu monga manijala achikulire, ngakhale mu ntchito yake, chipani ndi kupanga sanalenge ndipo sanali kukhala iliyonse ya kapangidwe iliyonse yaikulu kapena kupanga polojekiti.

Premiership pa utsogoleri wa Kravchuk

Mwamsanga 1990 ndiye mutu wa Party Communist a Ukraine Vladimir Ivashko Kuchma anapereka premiership, koma iye anakana, kutchula kupanda zinachitikira. zaka ziwiri zapita, ndipo ambiri, kuphatikizapo Kuchma kwambiri, zinadziwika kuti dziko pansi Pulezidenti Kravchuk popita kupompho. Chifukwa choopa kutaya chilichonse kuti iye anapeza chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Soviet Union, East Chiyukireniya osankhika m'magulumagulu kukhonda Kravchuk, Kuchma n'kuika nduna yaikulu ndi mphamvu kuti apereke malamulo ndi mphamvu ya malamulo. Kuyambira pamenepo, mu Ukraine kwa zaka zingapo samapereka misonkho pansi pa Tax Code, malinga ndi lamulo la nduna za Atumiki.

Leonid Kuchma - Pulezidenti

Iye anasiya ntchito ku positi kwa Nduna ya Ukraine mu September 1993 kuthamanga kwa pulezidenti chisankho oyambirira mu 1994 pa nsanja yotithandiza chuma ndi ubale zachuma ndi Russia ndi kuchita mofulumira kusintha kumsika. Iye anapambana chigonjetso bwino ndi pulezidenti nkoyenera, Leonid Kravchuk, walandira thandizo kwambiri ndi madera mafakitale kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera. Zotsatira wake koipa anali kumadzulo kwa dziko.

Mu October 1994, Kuchma anayamba kukonza mabuku azachuma, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa amazilamulira mtengo, mabala msonkho, wamba amakampani mafakitale ndi, komanso kukonza ulamuliro kuwombola ndi kubanki. Chiyukireniya hryvnia unayamba mu 1996, Inde choyambirira chimene dola anali 1,75.

Kuchma anali mpando ndi mavoti mu 1999 chifukwa akuti yake yachiwiri. nthawi iyi, anthu m'madera amene iye akugwirizana kwambiri kwa nthawi yoyamba, anakuvoterani Goliyati Peter Simonenko, ndi malo pamaso Kuvota motsutsa izo, pa mwake, adamuthandiza.

Pa zaka khumi za utsogoleri wake, pafupifupi chaka anasintha premiers. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - izo Pavel Lazarenko analamulidwa mu United States, ndipo Viktor Yushchenko, amene anabwera m'malo Kuchma mu 2004.

M'nthawi ya mawu ake awiri wamkulu mu Ukraine zachitika akali matupi boma boma komanso chiwembu malamulo a dongosolo. Photography Leonida Kuchmy utsogoleri chachiwiri nthawi pansipa.

Ntchito mavuto chisankho mu 2004

udindo Kuchma a mu vuto ili si bwino. Pambuyo pa kubwera kwachiwiri pa November 22 2004 zinkaoneka kuti Yanukovych anapambana chisankho mwachinyengo, chifukwa cha zimene otsutsa ndi kuonerera palokha adatsutsana ndi zotsatira, zomwe zinachititsa kuti "lalanje" zisinthe.

Akuti Kuchma ankangolimbikitsa Yanukovych ndi Viktor Medvedchuk (mutu wa ofesi pulezidenti) kulengeza boma la mwadzidzidzi ndi kugwira ankakhazikitsa Yanukovych. Kuchma sanatero. Kenako, Yanukovych mlandu Kuchma poyera woukira boma. Kuchokera pamene Viktora Yuschenko chifukwa cha n'zosemphana wozungulira wachitatu wa kukavota, iye anayamikira iye pa kupambana kwake ndi mwalamulo m'manja mphamvu ndi m'malo mwa dziko, koma atangochoka kuti kumanzere Ukraine. Pambuyo mbali Yushchenko yaitanidwa Kuchma a boma chigawenga. Iye anabwerera ku Ukraine mu March 2005 mwina kuchokera pulezidenti watsopano Dziwani chitetezo chokwanira wake.

Zaka 10 zapitazi anali pang'ono chinapululutsa mu moyo ndale za dziko, pafupifupi sanapereke zoyankhulana, iye sayatsa pa TV. Ngati osati zochitika za zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ife mwina sanamve china chilichonse chokhudza munthu uyu Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. yonena wake wodzilemekeza ndi tsamba lina owala, pamene mu 2014 anaikidwa mwa nthumwi Pulezidenti Poroshenko lakuti mu Contact Gulu pa zokambirana mu Minsk kwa kuthetsa nkhondo mu Donbass.

Banja ndi moyo

Leonid Kuchma anakwatiwa Lyudmila Kuchma kuyambira 1967. mwana wake yekha Helen anakwatira Viktorom Pinchukom, ndi Chiyukireniya oligarch chiyambi Ayuda. Elena Pinchuk ali ndi mwana Roma (anabadwa mu 1991 ku ukwati wake wakale ndi wabizinesi Chiyukireniya Igor Franchuk) ndi ana aakazi awiri a Victor Pinchuk.

Atapuma, Kuchma analola kusunga dacha boma Koncha Zaspa pafupi Kiev. Iye analinso kuloledwa kusunga zonse malipiro Pulezidenti ndi ndodo lonse, pamodzi ndi magalimoto awiri boma. The mtengo kukhala munda ndi galimoto amalipidwa ku bajeti boma.

nkhani ina kuchititsa ena chisangalalo padziko khalidwe lake. Amene anali Kuchma Leonid Danilovich, amene mtundu ngati si onse Ukrainians, ndi Ayuda. Ambiri mwina, ichi ndi zamkhutu. Ndi kugawira anthu ake umbuli ndi zochepa ophunzira amene ali ndi cholinga chokha - mwa njira iriyonse bosit mthunzi aakulu kanjedza ngati wotchuka ngati Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. dzina lake lenileni ndi imodzi mwa njira zimene iye Adadzadzidwa ndi zodziwika mdziko lonse monga pulezidenti awiri yaitali ya Ukraine.