Real ndi mwadzina GDP

Mu mankhwala aakulu m'banja (GDP, ndi GNP) ambiri amadziwira ngati mtengo msika wa katundu yense ndi ntchito zimene zinalembedwa m'nthawi kuphunzira m'gawo la dziko lililonse cholinga cha mowa, ndalama ndi zogulitsa kunja, mosaganizira za umwini wa zinthu ntchito ya ulimi. Nthawi zambiri, pamene amatchula GDP, kumbukirani ntchito chuma dziko, chifukwa chithunzi ichi limachititsa kuti aone mmene chitukuko cha chuma ndi ulemu wake. Mwadzina GDP amayezedwa ndalama ya dziko chomwe ndi kuchita masamu Komabe, ngati zambiri pa chizindikiro ichi akupereka IMF, World Bank kapena supranational bungwe yafotokozedwera madola US.

GDP - chizindikiro yofunika kwambiri imene yerekezerani chuma osiyana. Iye ali ndi mphamvu pa mitengo ndalama, akalozera katundu, mfundo ndalama anathamangitsa ndi mabanki chapakati ndi maboma.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zizindikiro: mwadzina GDP ndi GDP weniweni. The woyamba limatchedwa mtheradi. Kusiyana zolozerazi awiri umaonekera chakuti mwadzina GDP - chizindikiro, amene akufotokozera mitengo panopa ndi GDP weniweni - mu m'munsi mitengo chaka, mwachitsanzo kutenga nkhani kufufuma m'nyengo anapatsidwa zolipiritsa. Chofunika, onse mbali yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Poyamba, pa maziko a ziwerengero anatsimikiza ndi GDP mwadzina. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira zitatu:

• Kupanga njira (kwa mtengo valovovoy anawonjezera).
• GDP ndi ndalama.
• GDP ndi ndalama.

Pamene ntchito njira yopanga mwawonkhetsedwa lonse aakulu kufunika anawonjezera umatulutsa aliyense ogwira ntchito, ndi olimba ndi zina wagawo kwa ndalama m'gawo la dziko ina. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wa mowa likuchotsedwa wapakatikati (zipangizo, etc.) ndipo motero alibe kupotoza ndi iwiri ochuluka chifukwa.

Tanthauzo la GDP ntchito ndalama ndipo sayambitsa vuto. Mu njira imeneyi, chabe mwachidule mitundu ina ya ndalama: wolowa ukonde, katundu wambiri okhala m'dzikolo, ndalama boma ndi ndalama aakulu.

Pakuti ndalama chithunzi ichi anatsimikiza mofananamo. Only mu nkhani iyi ya m'gulu ndalama zina za mabungwe a zachuma lililonse dziko. malipiro Izi amalipidwa antchito, atachita phindu ndi zotuluka, misonkho khoka kupanga ndi imports.

Munthu woyamba amene akufuna kuchita mu mtengo ziyenera a mankhwala dziko, anakhala Simon Kuznets. Izi American zachuma amene ankatsutsana mu 30 ntchentche wa XX atumwi ndi chimene chikuchitika ndi chuma cha dziko lake. Panthawiyo, America linakumana ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha Wamkulu Depression. Pamene nthawi mawerengedwe pakati pa 1929 anasankhidwa kukhala chaka cha 1935. Mu nthawi yathu, index izi ndi kuchita masamu ndi lofalitsidwa mofulumira kwambiri. M'mayiko otukuka, mtengo kuyambirira ya GDP limapezeka pa TV ngakhale pamaso pa kuthetsa idzatha kotala lapansi. Mu US, deta woyamba kubwera sabata lisanathe kotala lapansi.

Malinga ndi IMF, mu 2011, mtsogoleri wa dziko mawu a BBB ndi mpake USA. dziko la dziko ndi pafupifupi 15 thililiyoni dollars. Kenako China ndi zambiri wodzichepetsa chithunzi cha thililiyoni 11,316 dollars. Ndipo malo lachitatu wotanganidwa ndi India - thililiyoni 4,47 dollars. Yerekezerani, kudzachitika adalosera mtengo wa Russian GDP. Malinga ndi boma Russian, mu 2013, GDP chikuyembekezeka thililiyoni 66,515 rubles. Ngati inu mumawerengera pa mlingo wa rubles 31 pa dola, zidzakhala za thililiyoni 2,146 dollars. Nalo la Ukraine, phindu Mapa ya GDP cha 2013, anaika mu bajeti boma polojekiti ndi wofanana 1 biliyoni 576 UAH. Pa boma kusinthitsa ndalama pa December 5, 2012 7.99 USD pa dola, chithunzi ndi za zankhaninkhani, 0.197 dollars.