Puronauni: zitsanzo. Odzikundikira puronauni - Mwachitsanzo. Woonekeratu mawu - Zitsanzo

Puronauni - osankhidwa mwapadera mawu notional onena chinthu popanda wotchula izo. Kupewa tautology kulankhula, wokamba angagwiritse ntchito puronauni. Zitsanzo: Ine ndine wanu, amene ano, ambiri, onse, inemwini, mai, ena, ena, kuti aliyense, munthu, chinachake, etc ...

Monga Tingaone zitsanzo mawu akuti kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ndi adjective m'malo, numeral kapena adverb.

Kupatukana akuti khalidwe mlingo momveka. Mbali imeneyi ya mawu lolunjika pa maina. M'mawu ena, akuti m'malo manauni, adjectives, manambala. Komabe, mbali akuti n'chakuti m'malo mayina, iwo Musatenge tanthauzo lake. Miyambo, mawu akuti ali yekha modifiable mawu. mawu onse aziwalambira adverbs zosasintha pronominal.

pepala ili limene Adzaperekedwa ku chiwerengero akuti tanthauzo ndi mbali kalembedwe, komanso zitsanzo za ziganizo kuti kudya mawu ena.

Table akuti mmaudindo

personals	Ine, inu, ife, inu, iye, iye, iwo, iwo
reflexive	yekha
akuti odzikundikira	wanga, anu, wathu, anu, awo
akuti woonekeratu	ichi, kuti, monga
akuti attributive	yekha koposa zonse,, aliyense, aliyense, ena, ena
akuti interrogative	amene, chimene, Chiyani, Ndani, amene, momwe, zomwe
akuti wachibale	amene, zimene, momwe, Chiyani, Ndani, amene, momwe, zomwe
mawu oipa	palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe
akuti kalekale	munthu, chinachake, ena, ena, ena, winawake, wina, winawake, chinachake monga chinachake, chirichonse

Pa malo kalembedwe akuti anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

1. Pronominal manauni.
2. Pronominal adjectives.
3. Pronominal manambala.

personals

Mawu osonyeza anthu ndi zinthu zimene anthu a kachitidwe kulankhula, amatchedwa "akuti munthu". Zitsanzo: Ine, inu, ife, inu, iye, iye, iwo, iwo ali. Ine, inu, ife, inu tisonyezeni ophunzira kulankhulana mawu. akuti iye, iye, iwo samenya nawo mchitidwewo kulankhula, iwo inanena kulankhula osati zipani kuti mchitidwe wa kulankhula.

• Ine ndikudziwa kuti inu mukufuna kundiuza. (M'Bungwe mchitidwe kulankhula, chinthu.)
• Muyenera kuwerenga zopeka onse kuchokera mndandanda. (Nkhani yomwe kanthu imatsogoleredwa.)
• Tinakhala tchuthi zodabwitsa chaka chino! (Anthu a mchitidwe mawu, nkhani.)
• Inu mwangwiro zinathandiza kwambiri! (The kopita chinthu chomwe pamtima imatsogoleredwa akuchita mawu.)
• Iye wakonda chete mlengalenga. (Non-wophunzira kulankhula mchitidwe.)
• Iye ndithudi adzapita America ili yotentha? (Non-wophunzira kulankhula mchitidwe.)
• Iwo kwa nthawi yoyamba analumpha ndi parachuti ndipo anasangalala kwambiri. (Non-wophunzira kulankhula mchitidwe.)

Chenjezo! Mawu ake, iye, iwo, monga momwe nkhani yonse akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kumaliseche akuti womana ndi munthu mu kumaliseche a.

Yerekezerani:

• Iye sanali mu sukulu lero kapena woyamba kapena Mphunziro lapitali. - anachitapo sukulu zimadalira kangati iye nawo. (The mawu oyambirira a wake - m'lowam'malo zinachitikira genitive, yachiwiri ikutchula ake -. Puronauni kulamula)
• Ndinamuuza kuti anali kukambirana pakati pa ife. - Iye anathamanga tsitsi lake kusanduka mu mphepo, ndi silhouette chinatayika ndipo anataya zonse chachiwiri, kusunthira kutali ndi Kutha mu kuwala kwa tsiku.
• Iwo nthawizonse ayenera muwafunse kuti nyimbo phokoso. - galu Nthawi zambiri howls usiku, ngati kulakalaka ena chisoni chawo mumamva.

reflexive

Kwa gulu ili puronauni palokha - amasonyeza nkhope nkhani kapena addressee, amene amadziŵika ndi protagonist lapansi. nchito imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi mawu reflexive. Mwachitsanzo ziganizo:

• Ine nthawizonse kuti ndine zosangalatsa kwambiri dziko lonse.
• Iye nthawi zonse imakhumbira iye.
• Sakonda akalakwa kukhulupirira odzikonda okha.

Kodi ndingasiye mphaka izi kunyumba?

akuti odzikundikira

Mawu amenewo amasonyeza munthu kapena chinthu yoperekedwa kwa munthu wina kapena chinthu akutchedwa "odzikundikira akuti". Chitsanzo: anga, anu, wathu, anu, awo. akuti odzikundikira amasonyeza amayanjana ndi nkhope wolankhulayo, chipani zina kapena osakhala maphwando kuti mchitidwe wa kulankhula.

• lingaliro langa nthawi zonse wokhulupirika kwambiri.
• Onetsetsani zofuna zanu zidzakwaniritsidwa.
• galu wathu khalidwe azitengapo kwambiri kwa odutsa.
• kusankha lidzakhala lako.
• Kenako ndinapeza mphatso wanga!
• Siyani maganizo anu nokha.
• m'tawuni angafunse za ine, ndipo ine ndikumverera ngati ine ndamusowa.

Mawu monga izo, iwo akhoza kuchita monga m'lowam'malo mu za accusative kapena odzikundikira puronauni. Mwachitsanzo ziganizo:

• galimoto yawo waima pakhomo. - Iwo sanali mu zaka 20.
• m'chikwama chake atagona pa mpando. - Iye anafunsidwa kubweretsa tiyi.
• nyumba yake ili mu mzindawo. - Iwo anapanga mfumukazi ya madzulo.

Kukhala munthu (nkhani) gulu la zinthu kumasonyezanso odzikundikira puronauni. Mwachitsanzo:

• ulendo wathu olowa sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa ine!

akuti woonekeratu

Demonstrativ - ndi dzina chachiwiri, amene ali ndi woonekeratu puronauni. Zitsanzo: ichi, kuti, monga. mawu awa kusiyanitsa ichi kapena kuti nkhani (munthu) a anthu ena onga iye zinthu, anthu kapena chikhalidwe. nchito imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi puronauni woonekeratu. zitsanzo:

• buku limeneli zambiri zosangalatsa ndi zopindulitsa anthu onse kuti Ndawerenga kale. (Puronauni chimene chimasiyanitsa chinthu chimodzi kwa anthu ena onga iye, akusonyeza chizindikiro cha nkhaniyi.)

Puronauni komanso imagwira ntchito imeneyi.

• Ndi nyanja, mapiri, dzuwa nthawizonse kukhalabe m'mutu mwanga kukumbukira kwambiri yowala.

Komabe, muyenera kusamala ndi tanthauzo la mbali ya kulankhula, ndipo kuti tisasokoneze puronauni woonekeratu ndi Nyerere yaing'ono!

Tiyerekeze zitsanzo akuti woonekeratu:

• Zinali kwambiri! - Kodi inu kusewera udindo wa nkhandwe mu sewerolo sukulu? (Mbali yoyamba, ndi puronauni ndi kukachita syntactic udindo wa mkhalidwe mu nkhani yachiwiri ndi -.. Particles ndi syntactic udindo chiweruzo sakutero)
• nyumba kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri yokongola kuposa izi. (Puronauni kuti adziwe mfundo chinthu izo.)
• Ngakhale izi kapena njira zina Kodi singakwaniritse iye. (Puronauni zimathandiza kuika maganizo pa imodzi mwa nkhani zambiri.)
• nthawi zambiri analowa pa mafupa okhaokha zomwezo zonse akubwereza kachiwiri. (Puronauni monga mobwerezabwereza anatsindika kanthu.)

akuti attributive

Zitsanzo akuti: iye, ambiri onse uliwonse, uliwonse, uliwonse, zina, ena. gulu lagawidwa subclass, aliyense wa womwenso puronauni zotsatirazi:

1. kwambiri kwambiri - mawu amene ali ntchito excretory. Iwo kumukweza chinthu ku funso, individualize izo.

• Wotsogolera - Alexander Yaroslavovich - ataonera soiree.
• Iye anapereka ntchito zapamwamba ndi zapamwamba kwambiri mdera lathu.
• Chimwemwe choposa m'moyo - kukonda ndi kukondedwa.
• Nkosafuna Ukulu wake watsika kunditamanda.

2. Review - puronauni ndi nkhope kufunika m'lifupi mwa maonekedwe a chinthu kapena mbali.

• Mzinda wonsewo anabwera kudzaona anachitapo.
• Msewu lonse unachitikira chisoni ndi kufuna kubwerera kwawo.
• Thambo yonsene iyadzala ndi mitambo, ndipo sanathe kuona lumen umodzi.

3. Aliyense, aliyense, aliyense - akuti kutanthauza ufulu wosankha ku zinthu zambiri, anthu kapena chikhalidwe (malinga kulibe konse).

• Umuna Semenovich Laptev - mwini luso lake - adzanena chabe.
• Aliyense angathe kukwaniritsa zimene akufuna, chinthu chachikulu - kuchita khama kuti ndi musakhale aulesi.
• Aliyense tsamba la udzu, aliyense mpweya petal a moyo, ndipo ndi kupeza chisangalalo ndi anandipatsa kwambiri.
• Aliyense mawu kuti iwo anamuukira, koma Iye sanayese vutolo.

4. Nthawi zina, ena - mawu akuti amene ali mfundo sali ofanana ndi zomwe zanenedwa kale.

• Ndinasankha njira kuti anali mosavuta kwa ine.
• Tangoganizani wina m'malo mwanga mukanachita chimodzimodzi?
• Mu nthawi zina akadza kunyumba chete, kudya ndi kupita kukagona, koma lero anali osiyana ...
• Pa mbali ziwiri za ndalama - wina sindinaone.

akuti interrogative

Zitsanzo akuti: ndani, chiyani, Chiyani, Ndani, amene, zimene, zomwe.

akuti Interrogative idzawazinga funso la anthu, zinthu kapena zochitika zedi. Kumapeto kwa chiganizocho, muli puronauni interrogative, kawirikawiri anaika chizindikiro funso.

• Amene anali munthu kudzationa mmawa uno?
• Mutani pamene mayeso mapeto yotentha?
• Kodi tiyenera chithunzi cha munthu wabwino kwambiri, ndipo kodi mukuganiza chikuimira chiyani?
• Ndani mwa anthu atatuwo sakanatha kudziwa chenicheni chimene chinachitika?
• Yemwe ndi mbiri imeneyi?
• Kodi ndizingati diresi yofiira, kodi inu kubwera kwa sukulu dzulo?
• Kodi nyengo mumaikonda?
• mwana amene ndinaona dzulo pabwalo?
• Kodi mukuganiza chiyani Ndikufuna kulowa mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa mayiko?

akuti wachibale

Zitsanzo akuti: ndani, chiyani, nanga, Chiyani, Ndani, amene, zimene, zomwe.

Chenjezo! mawu awa akhoza kuchita zonse monga wachibale monga interrogative akuti, malingana ngati, ndi nkhani makamaka iwo ntchito. Chiganizo zovuta (CPR) ntchito puronauni yekha wachibale. zitsanzo:

• Kodi inu kuphika chinkhupule mkate ndi chitumbuwa kudzazidwa? - Iye anati akukonza mkate ndi chitumbuwa kudzazidwa.

Mbali yoyamba, onse - puronauni Iwo ali interrogative ntchito T. E. Nkhani likumaliza funso pankhani zina ndi unsembe wa kukonzekera. Pankhani yachiwiri puronauni ndi ntchito monga puronauni wachibale, ndi kumachita monga mawu binder pakati woyamba ndi wachiwiri ziganizo yosavuta.

• Amene amadziwa, mu nyanja ya utuluke Volga Mtsinje? - Iye sanali kudziwa chimene iye anali munthu, nanga inu mungayembekezere iye.
• Kodi muyenera kuchita kuti apeze ntchito yabwino? - Iye anadziwa zoyenera kuchita kuti apeze ntchito zapamwamba.

Kodi - puronauni - ndipo ntchito ngati wachibale ndipo interrogative puronauni, malinga ndi nkhani yake.

• Kodi ife tichita chiyani usikuuno? - Inu munanena kuti lero tili kukaona agogo ake.

Molondola kudziwa gulu akuti, kusankha pakati pa wachibale ndi funso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti puronauni interrogative chiweruzo akhoza m'malo ndi mneni, nauni, numeral malinga ndi nkhani yake. Puronauni wachibale akhoza m'malo.

• Kodi mukufuna chakudya usikuuno? - Vermicelli Ndikufuna chakudya.
• Kodi mumakonda mtundu wotani? - Pepo mtundu mukufuna?
• nyumba ndani izi? - Ndi nyumba mayi anga?
• Amene chifukwa cha inu mu ima pamzere? - Ndinu khumi mu nkhani mzere?
• Kodi inu maswiti? - Muli chokoleti asanu ndi limodzi?

Nkhani yofanana ndi puronauni kuposa. Tiyerekeze zitsanzo akuti wachibale:

• Kodi kuchita pa mlungu? - Iye anali kwathunthu aiwala zimene Ine anafuna mlungu. (Monga mukuonera, Baibulo lachiwiri la puronauni kuposa m'gulu gulu la wachibale amene amachita ntchito polumikiza pakati pa magawo awiri a chiweruzo zovuta.)
• Kodi inu kulowa m'nyumba yanga usiku watha? - Anna S. questioningly anayang'ana pa mwanayo ndipo sankadziwa mmene anafika ku nyumba yake.
• Kodi kudziwa kuti muli ndi vuto? - ndikudziwa ndekha, kodi kuzindikira kuti mapulani anu n'chochepa kwambiri ndipo irreversibly.
• Apanso Ine ndikufunseni inu osati kuchita? - Iye anataya kulondoloza nthawi imene mwana wake anabweretsa misozi, mphunzitsi wake homeroom.
• galimoto amene yayimikidwa pa chipata cha nyumba yanga? - Iye anali pa imfa, chotero ine sakanakhoza kuchilingalira amene lingaliro anali kuutsa nkhondo.
• Kodi ndindalama mphaka Persian? - Adauzidwa mmene wofiira Persian mphaka.
• Amene amadziwa zimene chaka anali nkhondo ya Borodino? - ophunzira atatu anakweza manja awo: amadziwa chimene chaka anali nkhondo ya Borodino.

Asayansi ena amatchula maganizo kuphatikiza wachibale ndi interrogative akuti mu manambala wina ndi kuwatcha iwo "mu mawu funso-wachibale." zitsanzo:

• Amene ali pano? - Iye sanaone amene anali kumeneko.

Panopa Komabe, kuuzidwa ambiri silinakwaniritsidwe, ndi kukha interrogative ndi mawu wachibale kupitiriza kukhalapo payokha Chrixitu.

mawu oipa

Zitsanzo akuti: palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe, palibe. akuti zoipa ndi phindu la kusowa kwa anthu, zinthu, ndiponso akusonyeza makhalidwe awo oipa.

• Palibe ankadziwa zimene adzakumane kwa iye.
• Palibe sanafune kuti iye aike kuti bizinesi moyo wanga wonse.
• No ngongole ndipo palibe ndalama simungamuletse iye kuthaŵa.
• Lonely galu akuthamanga mu msewu, ndipo zinali zokayikitsa kuti sanakhalepo ndi mbuye nyumba ndi chakudya zokoma m'mawa; anali kudzatunga.
• Iye anayesetsa kupeza chowiringula, koma kunapezeka kuti izo zinachitika ndendende pa chongoganiza, ndipo palibe mlandu.
• Iye anali kupewelatu zikondwelelo zimenezi, kotero iye anayenda pang'onopang'ono mu mvula kale linawala m'mawindo ndipo anaonerera magalimoto odutsa colliding.

akuti kalekale

Kuyambira akuti interrogative kapena puronauni wachibale anapanga kalekale. Zitsanzo: munthu, chinachake, ena, ena, ena, winawake, wina, winawake, chinachake monga chinachake, chirichonse. akuti kalekale muli phindu zosadziwika, chikhalire munthu kapena chinthu. Monga akuti chikhalire ndi zofunika mwadala chinabisidwa mudziwe kuti wokamba sakufuna kuti mwachindunji lipoti.

katundu amakhala kosatha puronauni. Zitsanzo kuyerekezera:

• mawu A Belo mu mdima, ndipo Ine ndiribe ndithu asanaganize amene anali: mwamuna kapena chirombo. (The kusowa mfundo ku wolankhulayo.) - kalata Uku sikunali kwa mnzanga amene panalibe kwa nthawi yaitali mu mzinda wathu ndipo tsopano ibwere. (Dala chinabisidwa mfundo omvera.)
• Chinachake zosaneneka chinachitika usiku kuti: mphepo anang'amba ndipo anaponyera masamba m'mitengo, mphezi zinang'anima, ndi olasidwa kumwamba. (M'malo mwake, tikhoza mmalo zofanana mwa tanthauzo la mawu kalekale. Chinachake, chinachake)
• Anzanga ena kuganiza kuti ine ndine mlendo ndi zodabwitsa, ine sindikufuna wofuna kupeza ndalama zambiri ndi kukhala ndi moyo ing'onoing'ono akale m'mphepete mwa mudziwo. (Puronauni ena akuti akhoza m'malo mwa zotsatirazi :. ena ochepa)
• awiriawiri angapo nsapato, chikwama ndi hema wakhala odzaza ndi anadikira kuti ife tisonkhane pamodzi ndi kupita kwina kutali kwambiri kuchokera mumzinda. (Phunziro The sanatchule chiwerengero cha zinthu, akufotokoza chiwerengero.)
• Winawake anandiuza kuti muli kalata, koma sindikufuna kuzindikira kuti e. (Ponena kwenikweni kubisa mfundo iliyonse za munthuyo.)
• Ngati wina waona munthu uyu, chonde kukanena kuti apolisi!
• Kodi aliyense kudziwa zimene timakamba Natasha Rostov ndi Andrey Bolkonsky pa mpirawo?
• Pamene inu muwona chinachake chidwi, musaiwale kuti alembe mukuphunzira mu kope a.
• Nthawi zina mu phunziro la Chingerezi anali zovuta kuzimvetsa kwa ine, ndiye ine anabwerera maphunziro a m'mbuyomu ndipo anayesa kupereka izo kachiwiri. (Mwadala kubisa mfundo wokamba.)
• Ndalama linasiyidwa chikwama changa, koma sindinkazindikira angati. (Kupanda zambiri pa nkhani ya woyankhula.)

Kalembedwe gulu akuti

akuti Grammatically anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

1. Puronauni chachikazi.
2. Pronominal adjective.
3. Numeral mawu.

akuti nauni ndi mawu kukha amenewa, monga: munthu, reflexive, interrogative, zoipa, indeterminate. Onse a kukha izi pa katundu kalembedwe akuyerekezedwa manauni. Komabe manauni pronominal ndi makhalidwe ena, omwe si puronauni. zitsanzo:

• Ndinadza kwa inu. (Mu nkhani iyi, chachimuna jenda, amene tathandauzira mneni tensi yakale ya null-kutsazikana). - Munadza kwa ine. (Rhode anatsimikiza kumapeto kwa mneni "kudza" - chosalimba . Tensi yakale)

Monga mukuonera pa Mwachitsanzo, ena akuti mosatsata gulu la amuna ndi akazi. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kubwezeretsa mtundu wa kaganizidwe, potengera zinthu.

mawu ena Akamva awa ali m'gulu la jenda, koma susonyeza ubale weniweni wa anthu ndi zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, puronauni amene nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi mneni zinachitika kale wamphongo.

• Akazi amene yoyamba kukaona m'mlengalenga?
• Amene si obisika, sindine wolakwa.
• Iye anadziwa amene ali akunyoza lotsatira dzanja lake ndi mtima.

Puronauni kuti ntchito ndi manauni neuter kalelo.

• Kodi inu saloledwa kuchita zimenezi?
• Iye sanali kuganiza kuti penapake zikhoza kukhala zofanana ndi nkhani yake.

Puronauni lili mitundu generic, koma mtundu pano monga mawonekedwe a gulu, koma si monga nominative pa.

akuti Adjective ndi woonekeratu, determinative, interrogative, wachibale, zoipa, chikhalire mawu. Onsewo kuyankha kwa funso liti? ndipo anayerekezera adjective katundu wake. Iwo ali yozungulira mtundu wa chiwerengero ndi mlandu.

• Izi ndi ankasewera nyalugwe Bakuman pa zinyama.

akuti Numeral ndi mawu monga mmene ochepa. Iwo akuyerekezedwa ndi dzina kadinala wofunika molumikizana ndi manauni.

• Kodi mabuku ambiri mukuwerenga ichi yotentha?
• mwayi ochuluka tsopano anali wanga!
• Zingapo otentha mapayi agogo anachoka kwa ine.

Chenjezo! Komabe, osakaniza ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau monga akuti, monga ena ntchito ngati adverbs.

• Zingati izi lalanje bulauzi?
• Ambiri amawononga yekha patchuthi.
• Ine ndinaganiza zambiri za mmene angakhalire ndi chochita lotsatira.