Qadi - achipembedzo woweruza Muslims

Woweruza Asilamu, omwe akuchita Kuthi mu malinga ndi Shariah, wotchedwa Cadi. Mu Middle Ages anthu, nkoyenera, mbamphedza amasiye, Atetezi anawaika, m'malo odziwitsa, komanso kuwunika kukhazikitsa ziganizo zimene munaupereka milandu onse boma ndi zigawenga.

Wauzimu woweruza Asilamu ataya ena ntchito zake mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi m'ma makumi awiri. Izi zinachitika mogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha khoti latsopano boma. ntchito Cadi zinali zochepa kuti chigamulocho wa mkangano pa chipembedzo, banja, ndi zina bwino cholowa.

woweruza wauzimu a Muslim a ku Egypt, Turkey ndi Tunisia anali inathetsedwa mogwirizana ndi liquidation wa Syariah Court.

oyambirira Islam

Nthawi imeneyi ndi coherent dongosolo chilungamo silinakwaniritsidwe n'komwe. Theoretically, ndi mfundo zonse m'dzina la Allah. Zochita mikangano onse anachita ndi Mohammed. Iye anali woweruza yekha wa Asilamu wauzimu. Mneneri sankakhulupirira kusankhidwa, womwe ndi kugwira ntchito milandu. Muhammad panokha anafufuza mikangano onse kuti chikanachitika onse Asilamu, kotero pakati pa iwo ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina.

pokhapokhapo Olungama (632-661.) Kodi othandiza ndi kuthetsa mikangano pa Koran. Choncho, dongosolo chilungamo anakhalabe wopanda kusintha kulikonse kwambiri. Kukachitika kuti Mtumiki maganizo ndi akalambula iliyonse yokhudza sanali, pokhapokhapo inakambirana ndi anzake. Izi anali limodzi ndi chiphunzitso cha malamulo atsopano.

Khalifa unachitikira malo Chief Justice. Ambiri a milandu m'malo awo ankaona akazembe. Ndipo iwo, nawonso, pang'ono kupatsa mphamvu chiweruzo aliyense payekha atsogoleri achipembedzo, amene anali lamulo lalikulu Chisilamu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu awa kuthana mwaukadaulo. Ndipo panali woweruza wauzimu Muslims - Cadi.

ndondomeko ya chilungamo pansi pa Abbasids

M'nthawi ya zaka 750-1258. ndi Khilafah wakhala zofunika kwambiri ndi maphokoso Qadi al-Kudat. weruzani ichi wapamwamba anali ndi udindo wapadera. woweruza wauzimu Asilamu osankhidwa iwo. Supreme Qadi komanso powunika momwe ntchito yawo. Iye amayesa ntchito kudziwa za malamulo achisilamu kuti inalowa awo positi.

Pa nthawi ya oweruza panalibe ogwira Kukwanilitsa zida chilango. Iwo ankadalira chilolezo cha kazembe ndi Schurti (apolisi). Ngati Caliph njira qadi losadziwika, ndiye woweruza sayenera m'tchalitchichi. Nthawi zambiri pali vuto pamene Qadi sakanakhoza kukana mwankhanza akuluakulu. Ndipo pamene ambiri anadandaula kuti mtsogoleri. Wolamulira pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuumiriza mbali pa oweruza anasankhidwa. Choncho panali wodziimira "Office madandaulo."

Amene anali woyenera kukhala qadi

oweruza auzimu osankhidwa pakati pa Asilamu wamkulu amene anali mfulu ku ukapolo, chilungamo, zdravomyslyaschi ndipo analibe olumala zilizonse. Kadi mosamalitsa kutsatira malangizo makhalidwe ndi chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. Komabe, iwo anali ndi ufulu mkulu wa chidziwitso cha Chiarabu. Kadi analandira kuchokera Caliph dipuloma, lomwe chisokonezo mu Misikiti ya chigawo chake.

ntchito

Mu oweruza auzimu zinali kusunthira kupitirira lamulo. Poyamba, analoledwa kuganizira chabe banja ndi mikangano boma. M'kupita kwa nthawi, maudindo anatumizidwa wamkulu kwambiri. Cady anayamba kuganizira mikangano a mitundu yonse. Izo zikhoza kukhala chitetezo cha mbiri ndi zofunika amangawa oipa, tanthauzo la upandu kuba ndi kuba, chigololo, ndi zina zotero. D. The mawu Buku zinaphatikizapo qadi, ndi nkhani ya chikhulupiriro. Iwo kulondera maziko ake, analengeza chiyambi cha Ramadani, woikidwa imams ndi muftis mzikiti. Pa nthawi yomweyo woweruza wauzimu ankayang'anira kuphedwa kwa zochitidwa ndi iwo, cholinga monga maukwati ndi kusudzulana, komanso kuyang'anira ndende.

Zimene analetsedwa qadi

woweruza wauzimu Asilamu analibe ufulu kulandira mphatso kwa anthu. Ngati izi zachitika, iye anali pochitika iwo mu chuma ambiri. Qadi analetsedwa kuti amve choncho, limene limafotokoza mwachindunji kwa iye kapena achibale ake. Iye sanali kuloledwa kuchita mlanduwu, ngati zinali zododometsa njala kapena matenda, kugona, kapena chisoni, kutentha ndi kuzizira.

magwero a chilamulo

Mukamakambirana choncho qadi anali kutsogoleredwa ndi buku lopatulika la Asilamu - Korani, buku lomwe munali Ine maulaliki ndi malankhulidwe a Muhamadi. Ngati tikuona kuti amene nkhani makamaka sananene chilichonse, ndi qadi anatenga Sunnah. Bukuli - chopereka cha miyambo wopatulika, amene amanena za kukhalapo ndi khalidwe la Mneneri. Ngati palibe yankho ndi adzaweruza iwo anali kutembenukira kwa zinthu zimene yapangidwa m'masukulu lamulo.

Mfundo zonse anamva pamaso pa magulu awiriwa. Mu nkhani iyi, qadi anayenera kukwaniritsa chomwecho, komanso makhalidwe amene wakhala mlandu. Pokhapokha umboni odandaula awafotokozera. Pambuyo kumumvetsera, Cadi anapereka wozengedwa kuvomereza zotuluka pa zodzinenera. Izo zikuchitika, choncho Anatseka. Mfundo anali athana odandaula mu choncho, pamene iye akanakhoza mupereke umboni. Apo ayi, wozengedwa anali kulumbira kuti iye anali kulondola.