Mbiri ya Islam ndi Mtumiki Muhammad

Padziko chaka 570 mu mzinda wa Mecca, limene lili mu dera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Arabia ano, anabadwa mnyamata, dzina lake Muhammad, amene adzakhale Mneneri wa mmodzi wa atatu zipembedzo dziko. Iwo anali naye, nayamba mbiri ya Islam.

banja lake a banja la Quraysh, amenenso anali mzinda wamphamvu kwambiri mbadwa. Makolo Muhammad anafa m'banda: Abdullah Abdul-Muttalib anamwalira asanabadwe mwa mwana wake ndi amake, Amina - pambuyo zaka 6. Choncho, wamasiye analeredwa ndi agogo ake, amene anali mtsogoleri wa Hashemites mtundu. Miyambo nthawi kuti Muhammad yaing'ono anapereka zingapo mu mtundu wa Bedouin banja kuti wachita lalikulu udindo okwanira tsogolo lake. Pakuti pali anamupatsa makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri anthu monga kuleza mtima, kupirira, wamphamvu, mbulanda komanso kukonda anthu. Komanso, anaphunzira waluso polankhula ndi chibwenzi ndi chinenero olemera ndi limaonetseratu, kotero wokondedwa ndi Arab Bedouins.

Pamene Mneneri Muhammad zaka 20, analowa wamalonda kwa wamasiye Khadija, amene kenako anakwatiwa. Iwo anali ndi ana aakazi anayi ndi ana awiri anamwalira patapita nthawi yochepa kubadwa. M'zaka zimenezi, Mneneri anayenda kwambiri padziko lonse ndi malo amalikonda padali phanga pafupi Mecca, kumene iye anali woyamba lake la zochitika zazikulu za Islam. Kamodzi, pamene iye anakhala ndi kusinkhasinkha m'phanga, iye anali liwu la mngelo Dzhibriilya, chimene lamulo la Muhammad ananena mawu amene ali pa mphindi mavesi oyamba asanu Surah 96 a Quran Woyera.

Poyamba, Muhammad Nkhani imeneyi yekha ndi mkazi ndi mabwenzi ake apamtima, koma kenako, pamene iye anali Zavumbulutsidwa kwa mavumbulutso watsopano, amene analengeza umodzi wa Mulungu, chiwerengero cha otsatira ake anayamba kukula. Ena mwa iwo anali onse yosavuta ndi akapolo osauka, ndi apamwamba a Mecca. Mabvumbulutso awa ndi kukhala gawo la Buku loyera la Asilamu - Korani.

Koma ayenera kuti ambiri sanamvere chipembedzo ichi. Iwo anali achikunja ndipo ankakhulupirira milungu yambiri. Mu Islam, pa mwake, odzilamulira kukhulupirira Mulungu m'modzi, amene ali yekha ndi wokhawo. Komabe, uyu yekha analimbitsa Muhammad kuzindikira kuti chipembedzo chake ndi wapadera ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi chikunja.

Patapita zaka zingapo kulalikira Muhammad ndi otsatira ake anali adani ambiri, amene chipongwe ndi kuzunzidwa otsatira a Chisilamu. Pamene 622 Mneneri anadziŵa pofuna anakonza pa moyo wake, iye anaganiza zopita ndi anzake Yarsib, amene pambuyo pake anadzatchedwa Medina. Ndi chochitika ichi, chimene chimatchedwa Hegira, inayambira mu mbiri ya Islam.

Mu Medina, panali chitukuko mofulumira ndi kufala kwa chipembedzo cha Chisilamu, Chisilamu aloŵa mu mafuko ambiri chikumenyana ndi kuwabweretsa pamodzi. mbali Muhammad anakhala zambiri, ndipo patapita kanthawi anapita Malamulo Medina, anazindikira Muhammad mneneri wa Mulungu anapanga limodzi ndi lakutali alimi - ndi Muslim Ummah.

Mneneri Muhammad anamwalira pa June 8632, atadwala nthawi yaitali. imfa yake inali imfa kwambiri ndi a Muslim, anaona ngati ndi mavuto enaake. Ndipotu, wamba ku Mecca sanali kokha bwenzi chachikulu ndi wolamulira wamkulu: anaonetsa kuti dziko chiphunzitso chachikulu kuti pamakhala anthu ambirimbiri kwa zaka zambiri mu mzere.

Komabe, sitingathe kunena kuti imfa ya Mneneri anasiya kapena anasiya chitukuko cha Islam mu dziko. M'tsogolo, mbiri ya Islam ankadziwa pokhapokhapo ambiri ndi emirs, amene ankaimba ntchito yaikulu ya chipembedzo chawo - Quran Woyera lipoti anthu.

Mbiri ya Islam ku Russia anayamba m'nthawi VI-VII, pamene nthawi yowonjezera ya Arab Caliphate, Islam aloŵa ku North Caucasus. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndiye kufalikira kwa Volga anali chipembedzo chachikulu wa Golden gulu, Astrakhan ndi Kazan Khanate. Monga lero, Islam ndi chipembedzo wachiwiri kukula mu Russia. Asilamu amapanga mtokoma wa Chitata, Chuvash, Bashkirs ndi anthu a North Caucasus.
Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa mbiri ya Islam akadadziwa zabwino ndi zoipa, zokwera ndi zotsika, koma chinthu chimodzi ndicho kuti: zikomo kwa Mneneri Muhammad kuti anthu ambirimbiri a misinkhu yonse ndiponso mitundu, Islam wakhala chitsanzo cha khalidwe ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo.