Makaryev ansembe yotchedwa: bwanji kuti kumeneko? History, malongosoledwe, zomangamanga

Kumanzere mtsinje wa Volga, m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod chigawo Lyskovsky ili Makaryev ansembe yotchedwa, chithunzi cha amene anapereka m'nkhani akutsimikiza kwathunthu kuti chimodzi cha wokongola kwambiri mu Russia. Makoma woyera wa agulupa, ngati kuuka kwa madzi, sangathe kubereka za chifanizo cha wosangalatsa Kitezh City, ndipo akubwera kuchokera mabelu iwo okha kumalimbitsa gulu. Komabe, mu kukongola zodabwitsa pagona yaitali ndi wodzala nkhani inayake.

Mmene zinamera Makaryev ansembe yotchedwa

Chronicle inanena kuti 1435 wansembe wa Nizhny Novgorod Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa Macarius dalitso la Abbot kumanzere obisika wake ndipo anapita ku gombe la Yellow pustynnozhitelstva nyanja ili pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Volga. M'malo mwa nyanja ndipo m'dera lonse anawatcha madzi chikasu. Apo, mwa nkhalango ndi minda, kudula yekha ndi khungu lake, kusiya amangokhala ali pikitipikiti dziko, iye anadzipereka yekha kukasala ndi kupemphera.

Koma izo zinachitika kuti kuwala kwa choonadi cha Mulungu si obisalamo, ndipo posakhalitsa uthenga wa wokonda moyo wodzimana anafalikira m'dziko chigawo, ndi selo yekha pa nyanja anawatulutsa anthu. Ena chidatuluka iye pemphero, kubwerera mu dziko, ndi ena, atalandira chilolezo, nakhalabe Mangani mokhala pafupi. Posachedwapa khama anzake a ansembe kudula matabwa mpingo waung'ono, wodzipereka mu dzina la Utatu Woyera. Pang'onopang'ono anapanga gulu kumene kumakhala Amonke, pa malo zaka zambiri anaima pa magombe a Volga Woyera Utatu Zheltovodsky Macarius obisika.

Chiwonongeko cha obisika ndi adani a anthu ake

Koma posakhalitsa amayembekezeka kukhala pamalo ano mmonke Macarius ndi m'bale wake. zaka zinayi zokha kuchokera nthawi imeneyo pamene anakakhala monga madzi, Ambuye ali Chitata Khan Ulu Muhammad anaukira ndi Nizhny Novgorod m'dziko, ndi pamodzi ndi amonke ena woyera kuwononga ndi kuika kwa muuni wongokhazikitsidwa obisika. Chimonko ambiri anatengedwa kuchokera mdani wa kuphedwa, ndi amene zapita Tartar malupanga ndi mivi, anali chalanda yonse.

Mwa akapolo ena anawonekera St Macarius. Ndipo anamugulitsa, ngati si yoopsa Khan. Basurmanina anakantha kudzichepetsa kuya, anakhetsa lonse maonekedwe a mmonke ndende, wapadzadziko chisomo luchivshayasya pamaso pake. Atafunsa za iye asilikali Anakaŵeta andende, anamva kwa iwo kutsogolo kwa Iye munthu popanda kuchititsa aliyense choipa ndipo amayesetsa wonse kuchita zabwino anzake tsokali, koma ngakhale anthu amene anamuzunza, womangidwa, fumbi msewu.

ufulu zosayembekezeka ndi akatundu latsopano

Itamva anamva, Khan analamula kusamala kuti mumalozana mmonke wofatsa ndi kumpatsa ufulu. maganizo ake, anafotokoza kuti Mulungu - chimodzimodzi kwa onse, kaya chikhulupiriro chimene munthu amakhala - amatipeza kulanga aliyense amene amulakwira lachilungamo. Kutulutsa Macarius ufulu, ndi pempho yotsirizira kuti apite kwa iye akapolo koma ambiri, kuphatikizapo akazi angapo ndi ana.

Imodzi yokha Khan anaumirirabe - analamula yobwezera ku Yellow Nyanja anawononga agulupa. Palibe ndidali wosadziwika zimene adzakhala zaka zana ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi, ndipo mu malo omwewo kutsitsimutsa Makaryev obisika, koma Chimonko pa nthawi imeneyo, analandira chodabwitsa ndi zosayembekezereka njira ufulu umenewu, sakanachitira mwina koma ayambe kufunafuna malo watsopano obisika awo.

Kutha kwa kuyendayenda

Zinali yaitali ndi zovuta njira kudziko kwawo. Panjira, St Macarius ndi anzake anapita pa malo osangalatsa, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa Sviyagi. Izo basi woyenera chirichonse agulupa latsopano. Apa chikhalidwe woyanjidwa iwo, kupanga phiri laling'ono, kumbali zitatu ndi mapiri ndi osambitsidwa ndi mtsinjewo. Koma, Kumeneku a Kazan Khan, amene pambuyo kuphunzira za maonekedwe a chuma chake Orthodox Chimonko, anawalamula kuti achoke.

nthawi zambiri anali Chimonko, mpaka potsiriza iye anafika Kostroma m'mayiko ndipo sanaime mu Unzhe. Anthu pochokera Chitata ukapolo, zonse analandira ndi mzimu waubwenzi Russia, ndi monga akapolo kale adali anthu a Mulungu ndi, iwo anachitira ndi chisoni chachikulu, ndi Macarius - anasonyeza ulemu.

M'munsi ya agulupa latsopano

Koma sangamuthandize ludzu la maulemu chidziko M'busa anaitenga kuti athandize aliwonse opuma pa utumiki mu nkhalango. Pali mailosi fifitini Mumzindawo anayambitsa latsopano, wachiwiri Makaryev obisika. Mbiri ya chilengedwe yake ndendende mobwerezabwereza chirichonse chimene chinachitika zaka zingapo zapitazo pa nyanja Yellow. Posachedwa kudzipatula payekha linathyoka okonzeka kugawana naye kumene kumakhala Amonke zinazo, ndi chifukwa kuti anawonekera kachiwiri mu maselo kwambiri nkhalango pambuyo pawo - mpingo matabwa, ndipo potsiriza anapanga ammudzi.

Ndi nthawi St. Macarius anafika pa ukalamba, ndipo mu 1444, pamene iye anapotoloka zaka nainte-faifi, anafa mwamtendere. Atatsala pang'ono kuti, pokonzekera kulekana kwayandikirako abale, kuti anapatsa ana ake auzimu kubwerera pamene n'zotheka, pa Yellow Lake, kumene iwo chidwi ndi Chitata Khan, ndi kumasulira Makaryev obisika.

Muromsky mmonke - yoimba malamulo a St. Macarius

Panapita pafupifupi zaka mazana aŵiri. Ndipo nthawi yafika pamene Yehova anadalitsa Chimonko moona kachiwiri kukhazikitsa maselo awo pa gombe la nyanja Yellow. chochitika chikugwirizana ndi dzina la Abraham Zheltovodskogo - mmonke wina wa Murom obisika, osati anatchula koma woyera, koma ndi ntchito zawo udachita wosafa kutchuka.

Kuyambira ndili mwana, kupweteka mtima wa kamodzi owonongedwa agulupa, iye ankakonda kupemphera pamaso chizindikiro cha St. Macarius, kupempha zothandizira mipingo yawo wake wakumwamba kuchira. Amadziwika kuti mmonke achipembedzo adalandira chizindikiro ena, umboni kuti pemphero lake kwamveka, ndi kuti chisomo cha Mulungu zidzakuyenderani bwino iye chifukwa chabwino.

Chitsitsimutso cha obisika ndi kulandira udindo wake boma

Popeza mndandanda wa zithunzi, amene analandira uthenga wabwino kwa Abulahamu ndi agulupa angapo abale agulupa anafika ku Yellow Lake, ndipo anapemphera ndi mtima wonse kwa Yehova anayamba kubwezeretsa agulupa mu phulusa akale. Am'deralo pofuna chopereka kwa chikondi, kuti ndiziwathandiza.

ngongole zambiri kwa bwino ntchito imeneyi zofunika wa achipembedzo Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich - mfumu yoyamba ya Romanov mafumu. Akapita ku 1619 Unzhensky obisika ndipo anali kuphunzira za zilakolako chinsinsi ansembe kupereka kumene kumakhala Amonke ft awo uko, kumene iye anayambitsa obisika wake woyamba wa St Macarius, anawapatsa zonse thandizo. Mfumu sikuti anagwirizana nawo mwa lamulo, koma allocated thandizo kwambiri ndalama. Udindo womaliza wa agulupa ya anaikidwa mu 1628 ndi dipuloma ya Moscow mabishopu, Filaret.

Zaka malo okhala a chitukuko

Koma olamulira osati padziko lapansi anagwira thandizo awo ansembe ndi. Modzala kubwera pansi kwa iye, ndipo chisomo cha Mulungu. Chifuniro cha Supreme Volga anasintha njira zake, kwathunthu kuwaphunzira Yellow Lake, ndipo Makaryev obisika motero anali pa banki lalikulu Russian mtsinje, ndi wa akuluakulu Russian kutumiza mitsempha.

Chotero malo yachidule obisika a anathandiza chakuti pa nthawi, pa dziko mwawomwawo anayamba kupeza chilungamo, nkumadzitcha okha mutu wa agulupa Makary. Monga eni a gawo, amonke ndi ufulu Levy pogula - mtengo waukulu kwambiri, zomwe zinachititsa kuti ndiwamange mu kanthawi agulupa nyumba zambiri mwala ndipo kwambiri pamoyo wanu.

Kuchepa ndi chiyembekezo chakuti wa agulupa ya

Anapitiriza nthawi imeneyi yachonde mpaka 1817, mpaka Ambuye sanalole kulanda chilungamo, amene wodzilemekeza zochuluka obisika chuma, mu Nizhny Novgorod. Kumeneko anatenga kuchuluka aakulu, pamene kusunga dzina poyamba. Koma Macarius ansembe yotchedwa Zheltovodskogo, mosatsata gwero yaikulu ndalama, anayamba kutha. M'kupita kwa nthawi, analandira udindo wa supernumerary.

Vuto ndi, monga ife tikudziwira, samabwera yekha, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo chachitika mkati mpanda wake moto kuti aononga kwambiri chakuti kwa zaka zambiri ikumangidwa ndi mibadwo ingapo wa Chimonko. The Synod Woyera ali suona kofunika kugwira kubwezeretsa obisika, ndipo linathetsedwa. Zizindikiro ndi ziwiya, opulumutsidwa moto, analamulidwa kunditumiza ku Nizhny Novgorod Cathedral wa St. Alexander Nevsky.

Kubwezeretsedwa obisika anali kokha mu 1883, pambuyo inalowa mpando wachifumu wa Mulungu wachikondi Mfumu Alexander III, koma tsopano monga Utatu Makaryev Zheltovodsky kunyumba. Kuyambira tsopano, anakhala wokhala ndi alongo amene ankafuna kusiya kugonthetsa ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti dziko chovunda ndi moyo tizipeleke kwa utumiki wa Mulungu.

Tsoka kwa chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri

Kuyambira zikalata zomwe zilipo tidziwa kuti pa chiyambi cha Chivumbulutso, umene wakhala Russia mu 1917, mu mpanda wa agulupa moyo avirigo oposa mazana atatu, ndipo anali m'gulu la yabwino yokonzedwa dziko. Komabe, mtima wake ansembe, ndipo ndithudi Orthodoxy Bolsheviks ankasiyana pang'ono kuchokera Khan Ulu-Mohammed, kamodzi unawononge- Macarius obisika.

zaka zisanu zapitazo, anasamukira m'misewu yafumbi wa makamu Russian akapolo, komanso, ndi XX atumwi anali anakoka kumpoto ndi kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa sitima wosatha wa anazunzidwa, amene anali wachisoni mkazi mikanjo kumene kumakhala Amonke. Koma, motsutsana ndi steppe wongosamukasamuka, kamodzi chopatsika ufulu M'busa Macarius, ndi kuti mazana a ku Russia zina, panopa horde khans analibe chifundo, ndipo ambiri a akapolo awo kotero konse ndipo sanathe kuona kwawo.

Agulupa wamangidwa mu kuyambira ntchito zosowa zapakhomo. Pa nthawi ina mu ulimi kale obisika munali ziweto, ndi malo ali makamaka akachisi a Mulungu, anali ng'ombe.

Nthawi yaitali kusintha

Koma si zonse zinatha manyazi, gawo Mulungu chifukwa cha machimo a anthu. Ndipo anafika pa mtsinje wa Volga mpweya wabwino kusintha. Mu 1991, boma lamulo Makaryev obisika mipingo yomwe panthawi imeneyo anadza kwa chikhalidwe cha dzidzidzi, unasamutsidwira Nizhny Novgorod chigawocho. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba kuchira yake.

Patapita miyezi ingapo anabwera zochita za Synod Woyera kuti Makaryev ansembe yotchedwa tikupitiriza ntchito yake mawu zambiri pa obscurantism kulibe Mulungu. avirigo wake woyamba anayamba avirigo twente-faifi amene anafuna kulowa izo ku malo ena m'dzikoli.

Today Makaryev ansembe yotchedwa amene adilesi: Nizhniy Novgorod, Lyskovo chigawo, pos .. Makarievo, ndi pakati wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ambiri anapita kunyumba ya amonke Haji Russia. Chaka chilichonse, pamafunika masauzande ochokera konsekonse mu dziko. Ndipo ndi chibadwa, monga apa, pa mtsinje wa Volga Mtsinje, alendo umboni mgwirizano wa ulemerero wauzimu wa chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi zapadera za zomangamanga kachisi.

obisika wazingidwa ndi makoma wandiweyani, analimbitsa nsanja. Mwa izi pakati mapulani ndi otchuka Utatu Cathedral, pomanga amene Mfundo Cathedral wa Moscow Kremlin walandiridwa monga chitsanzo. Komanso, obisika zovuta zikuphatikizapo akachisi asanu zambiri adzamangidwa mu nthawi zosiyana, koma ogwirizana ndi compositional kapangidwe wamba.

Kodi iwo analemba anapita Makaryev ansembe yotchedwa

Feedback anthu amene anali ndi mwayi wokaona agulupa angapezeke mu mwapadera kwa cholinga kumene kumakhala Amonke buku, komanso kukhala wa agulupa ya chuma zambiri. Ambiri aona ndi mkulu mlingo wa utumiki pa Cathedral, ndi kusamalira kwambiri kwa Luso la kwayara, wopangidwa alongo a obisika a.

Amatchulidwa mu ndemanga, ndiyeno, ndi zothandiza ndiponso ochezeka avirigo kuyankha funso kapena pempho alendo a obisika a. Mu namtindi kulembamo mungapeze mawu a amasirira kukongola wapadzadziko umene uli mu obisika, kumene makoma akale ndi voznosyaschiesya kwa thambo mipingo woyera mzikiti ophatikizidwa mu chiyanjano wambawamba ndi mtsinje zamphamvu zimene chizindikiro cha Russia akale.

Mungathe kufika obisika pa bwato kuchokera Nizhny Novgorod. Amene akufuna mwayi pa dziko zoyendera ayenera anafika ndi Nizhny Novgorod siteshoni basi kumzinda Shcherbinka Lyskovo, kenako kupitiriza ulendo ansembe ndi boti, chichokereni ku doko ake.