Railway kuwoloka. Malamulo a kuyenda sitima kuwoloka. Zida sitima ndizi

Railway ndizi (chithunzi zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa malo limeneli m'nkhani) ndi malo odnourovnego kudutsa njirayo ndi galimoto, njinga kapena oyenda njira.

mwachidule

Aliyense kuwoloka sitima ndi chinthu kuchuluka ngozi. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti kupewa ngozi m'madera amenewa amapereka pamaso pa zinthu zodzitetezera kumatenda ndi chizindikiro chenjezo. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka monga zotchinga zizindikiro phokoso ndi kuwala. chinthu komanso okonzeka ndi zodziwikiratu avundulidwe chipangizo mpanda mtundu. Ndi zitsulo matailosi, kukwera chikuletsa ndimeyi. Kupatulapo ndi malo ili pa mbali anafooka kwa msewu. zinthu chenjezo akugwiritsidwa kokha kulozera kwa iwo (mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro "ndizi"). The zinthu pansi pa kuganizira zili m'madera aone zabwino ndithu. Mbali ya mphambano yakumadzulo / njira D ndipo misewu ayenera kukhala osachepera madigiri sikisite. M'mayiko ena, anadzipereka sitima mzere pa mphambano ya Highway okonzeka ndi chimodzimodzi monga m'sitima.

gulu la zinthu

Mu dziko lathu, mlingo kuwoloka anawagawira m'magulu angapo. zinthu zonsezi magulu awiri; malamulo ndipo mulibe malamulo oletsa. Ntchito kuonetsetsa chitetezo pa anthu d ndalama yakumadzulo / feduro mayendedwe kuthetsa Control Akutali ndi zochita zokha apadera. Iwo amapereka kayendedwe kusintha ndi chisanadze emptive kumanja sitima ku malo amenewo kumene mlingo wofanana wa njira zawo ndi mphambano msewu. Malamulo amenewa ayenera kutsatira zofuna zonse anakhazikitsa lamulo wapadera "Pa sitima zoyendera zomangamanga chitetezo." Kenako m'nkhani adzakhululukidwa anatchula malamulo zaumisiri. PDD kupereka chizindikiritso cha mwayi otetezeka ndizi mulibe malamulo oletsa kuwoloka a mayendedwe ophunzira onse ndondomekoyi.

Gulu la zinthu opaleshoni wa chinthu

Njanji ndizi kungakhale limati zotsatirazi:

1. Chinthu chimene lotseguka kwa kayendedwe ka sitima iye ndi zina magalimoto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akutali Control ndi zida njanji ali bwino.
2. Chinthu chimene lotseguka kwa gulu la sitima, koma safuna kuti galimoto ina. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kusuntha amasulidwa ku ntchito msewu. Akutali Control ndi zida ali bwino. Railway ndizi ndi wokonzeka kugwiritsa Ndime abwino sitima.
3. chinthu safuna kuti magalimoto sitima iye ndi zina magalimoto. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo pa kusuntha galimoto kuti simungathe zisiyeni izo zokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akutali Control ndi zida njanji ali bwino. Avundulidwe simuli okonzeka kugwiritsa galimoto akusowa.
4. chinthu safuna kuti magalimoto sitima iye ndi zina magalimoto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akutali Control ndi zida njanji ali kunja kwa whack. Railway ndizi simuli okonzeka kugwiritsa galimoto akusowa chifukwa cholephera wa zodzitetezera chitetezo.
5. Chinthu anatsegula magalimoto sitima iye, koma safuna kuti magalimoto. Izi ndi chifukwa kupeza kusamukira galimoto kuti sanagone nthawi kusiya malo ake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akutali Control ndi zida njanji ali bwino. Kupita wokonzeka kugwiritsa magalimoto polojekiti bandiwifi.
6. Chinthu anatsegula magalimoto sitima iye, koma safuna kuti magalimoto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akutali Control ndi zida njanji ali kunja kwa whack. Kupita simuli okonzeka kugwiritsa magalimoto polojekiti bandiwifi.
7. Chinthu chimene lotseguka kwa kayendedwe ka sitima ndi magalimoto ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akutali Control ndi zida njanji ali kunja kwa whack. Chinthu simuli okonzeka kugwiritsa Ndime abwino sitima ndi magalimoto.

mchikhalidwe

pa kuwoloka mlingo malangizo amapereka enaake kulamulira, amene ayenera kutsatira Control Akutali ndi yakumadzulo / anthu d zida. Ndalama zimenezi ayenera kupereka kayendedwe angagwiritse ntchito chisanadze emptive pomwe sitima ya pa gulu malamulo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Control pa sitima ya. Makamaka, malamulo Ndime phiri ndi ntchito za mawonekedwe mkati kapena kunja.

1. Izi muyeso ulamuliro akuyendera pa kuwoloka ankalamulira, zomwe zili pa utali wa tinjira sitima. chochitika ikuchitika kutsatira masensa angapo palokha. Ntchitoyo ndi kukonza pamaso pa sitima mbali avundulidwe. masensa ayenera kukhala osachepera anayi.
2. Izi muyeso ulamuliro akuyendera pa kuwoloka pa malamulo, zomwe zili pa yakumadzulo / anthu d siteshoni njanji. Iwo ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi maloboti, ndi centralization a dongosolo mivi. chochitika ikuchitika mwa zida luso.

2. Kuti litsatira kuchinga wa zinthu ntchito ndi nsanja kuwala. Njanji Kuwoloka pa nthawi yomweyo okonzeka ndi machitidwe odzipereka chenjezo. zinthu izi, ntchito pa maofesi olamulidwa kokha kapena kunja. Iwo amene amalamulidwa ndi woyendetsa, amene akulamulira kayendedwe ka sitima pa sitima ya amalondola dera. Komanso, zimenezi tingasonyezere ntchito pa polojekiti. apamsewu malangizo kuyenda. Akuletsa ntchito za chipatala galimoto, pamene sitima umalandira gawo lolingana (pafupi ndi mzere wa mphambano msewu waukulu pa mtunda wina).

3. mapologalamu ya zopinga chotchinga chinthu kwa magalimoto pamsewu. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika mwa unsembe wa kachitidwe apadera. Kupita ali okonzeka ndi zipata za magetsi. Iwo akhoza lizilamuliridwa kapena basi kapena kunja. Iwo amene amalamulidwa ndi woyendetsa, amene akulamulira kayendedwe ka sitima pa sitima ya amalondola dera. Komanso, kasamalidwe ingagwire ntchito kwa yosamutsa lapansi. zipangizo Retroreflective ndi magetsi mbendera amene anaika pa matabwa a zopinga mbali amene amakumana msewu.

4. implementation kusamukira zotchinga ndi akuphunzitsa zipangizo kuchokera kulowa wosaloleka gulu magalimoto. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika mwa unsembe wa kachitidwe apadera. Zida sitima ndizi mu nkhani iyi ikukhudza yomanga bandstop zinthu kwa msewu. Kugwira ntchito kwa nyumba izi olamulidwa ndi woyendetsa lapansi. Ndi nthawi kayendedwe ka sitima pa sitima ya amalondola dera. Komanso, ulamuliro ingagwire ntchito ya chinthu.

5. mapologalamu ya chinthu mpanda zipangizo apadera mwa njanji mayendedwe. chochitika ikuchitika poonetsa magalimoto chotchinga mu njira yoyenera. Iwo amene amalamulidwa ndi woyendetsa, amene akulamulira kayendedwe ka sitima pa sitima ya amalondola dera. Komanso, kungakhale amachititsa yosamutsa mwadongosolo.

6. mapologalamu ya ulamuliro ufulu njira ya galimoto. chochitika zimatheka ndi akuphunzitsa chinthu lolingana masensa. Iwo kawirikawiri ndi chipangizo kulamulira. iwo akhoza zowoneka kuunikira ntchito pa polojekiti.

7. implementation kudziwa liwiro la sitima imene kufika chinthu. chochitika zimatheka ndi akuphunzitsa njanji masensa analemba mu mabacteria ndi kusuntha. Komanso anaika zipangizo zimene pokonza mfundo.

8. kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya kutali ndi kulankhulana ndi ena njanji zokha zipangizo zoyenera ndi ntchito, zomwe zonse kayendedwe ka sitima pa sitima ya younikira dera. wapadera mizere makina ntchito pochita izi. Ntchito, nayenso, ntchito deta analandira, zonse kayendedwe ka sitima ku dera yakumadzulo / thirakiti d.

9. kukhazikitsa malipoti yake kwa anthu oyenda zonse zokhudza kuti posachedwapa kusuntha kutsekera ndondomeko. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika kudzera maofesi a zipangizo wapadera lomveka chenjezo.

10. Kukhazikitsa malipoti yake mudziwe kuti oyenda pansi amene akuyenda pa oyenda kudutsa msewu, kuti sitima idzafika pano posachedwa. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika kudzera maofesi a Informant zida kulankhula.

11. mapologalamu ndi kuyan'anila udindo wa mphamvu ya kutali ya sitima zokha. chochitika ikuchitika ndi khazikitsa masensa zoyenera ndi zipangizo kudzionetsera.

malamulo General kwa kuyendetsa sitima ndizi

Musaiwale kuti sanali kugwilizana kungakudyereni munthu moyo wawo. Mwamtheradi onse ogwiritsa msewu ayenera kumvera kuletsa kukhala m'dera yogwedeza pamene chipata akuyamba kutseka kapena ali kale mu udindo uwu, ndi kuyatsa ziwalo magalimoto chizindikiro. Izi imakhudzanso njinga ndi oyenda pansi. Tavomerezedwa kukhala palibe kwambiri kuposa mamita asanu yomanga mpanda. Ngati njanji kudutsa popanda chotchinga, ndi mtunda kwa njanji yapafupi akhale mamita osachepera 10.

Malamulo a kuyenda sitima ndizi mu mphamvu la Russia

Mu dziko lathu, ophunzira onse msewu magalimoto ndikoletsedwa kulowa yakumadzulo / imelo njanji mu zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Tifotokozereni akuyamba kutseka kapena kale kutsekedwa. Pankhaniyi, mtundu chizindikiro chenjezo kuwala chipangizo si kofunika.
2. Phunzitsani (kapena zoyendera njanji) mukuuonawo wa zone ndi pafupi kusuntha.
3. Anayatsa ziletsa chizindikiro kuwala unit. Pankhaniyi, malo ndi kukhalapo kwa yomanga mpanda si kofunika.
4. Directions kuwoloka oletsedwa pa nkhani ya m'dera yakumadzulo / anthu d nsalu kuchulukana, zomwe kuteteza dalaivala kusiya njirayo.
5. Mtumiki akutenga ziletsa chizindikiro. Pankhaniyi, ziyenera anatembenuka motsogozedwa kumbuyo galimoto kapena pachifuwa ndi anamuukitsa pa mutu wake ndi ndodo, mbendera, ndi nyali yofiira kapena elongated mbali ya manja ake.

Pafupifupi m'mayiko onse kumene njanji chitetezo pa kuwoloka mlingo anapereka kutsatira malamulo pamwamba.

Kodi ngati galimoto anasiya m'njira zotani?

Mwatsoka, pakutchulidwa wa zoterezi - si zachilendo. Ngati dalaivala sangathe paokha kulikankhira galimoto kunja kwa woyendera nthambi, malinga ndi malamulo amafuna kwa iye zotsatirazi:

1. Pamene kusiya m'njira ayenera yomweyo kutsika okwera onse a galimoto.
2. Yesani paokha kuchitapo kanthu kuti amasule yakumadzulo / anthu d nsalu.
3. Tumizani anthu awiri mbali zonse za njanji, ngati alipo. Pre-kufunika amafotokoza za malamulo Alamu imayima dalaivala sitima.
4. Khalani pafupi galimoto. Izi ayenera kupereka chizindikiro chochenjeza ambiri.
5. Sitima anabwera powonekera, muyenera kuthamanga kukamuchingamira. Izo ziyenera kudziwitsa dalaivalayo za pakufunika kuti asiye.

Kodi chizindikiro yolondola?

General Alamu

Ali kudziŵitsa mndandanda wa umodzi wautali ndi atatu beeps yochepa.

Chofunika kwa amasiya

Signal ndi zoyenda zozungulira ndi dzanja. Kukhazikitsa izo zidzayenera usiku nyale kapena muuni, ndipo masana - iliyonse chinthu mosavuta noticeable kapena chigamba cha nsalu yowala.

kusamala

malamulo ngozi pamene mukuwoloka njanji ndizi si kulemekezedwa ndi onse ndi nthawi zonse. Izi zivute zitani kumabweretsa imfa. Pakali pano, mwapadera wapatsidwa zinthu zimene zingathandize mwamwayi zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, anapezerapo pulogalamu kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kuwoloka. Yopangidwa m'malo awo multilevel mphambano. The chiŵerengero cha zinayi zimawonedwa. Palinso nyumba angapo zaka m'malo mwa latsopano, patsogolo kwambiri. Mu Netherlands, pomanga kuwoloka kwathunthu anasiya. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali trolleybus ndi njira sitima m'mizinda ina ya la Russia kuti kupyola mu malo sitima mayendedwe.

zikuchitika masiku ano

Pa kuwoloka ntchito ndi innovating, zipangizo yomanga ndi patsogolo luso zothetsera akuyendera. zonsezi onse umalimbana patsogolo chitetezo cha magalimoto mosadodometsedwa pa zigawo kudutsa mayendedwe njanji ndipo misewu. Facilities okonzeka ndi floorings makina mphira. Iwo kwambiri pa liwiro kuwagonjetsa wa yakumadzulo magalimoto / D nsalu. ma siginalo njira yapadera ntchito kuti akhwimitse chitetezo. Iwo amakulolani kudziŵitsa owerenga njira za mwadzidzidzi mu msewu mphambano dera yakumadzulo / anthu d nsalu ndi ngozi zina. Pakali pano, ankagwiritsa ntchito sirens ndi ziphaliwali nyali zofiira.

zinthu chenjezo

Pa mtunda wina asanawoloke gawo lililonse msewu ndi / D nsalu anapereka ziwembu yakumadzulo wapadera. Ngati chinthu si zida ndi chinthu mpanda, ndi sitima kuwoloka popanda chotchinga. chizindikiro ndi kansalu woyera, konsekonse ndi mzere wofiira padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa. Pakati pali sitima. Popanda ankawoloka chotchinga, chizindikiro cha chomwe chili pamwamba ambiri zina zili ndi zinthu kusonyeza. Asanalankhule kapangidwe njanji akonzedwa chenjezo - chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a mtanda ndi woyera Andreev wofiira malire.