Nyama: katundu processing nyama. Kapangidwe ndi katundu wa nyama

Udindo wa nyama mu zakudya munthu sangathe kukambapo. Wosatsutsana komanso moyenera zikuchokera ndi katundu wa nyama nthawi makedzana anapanga mankhwala singasiyanitsidwe mu zakudya anthu.

Mchere opezeka nyama

The zikuchokera nyama monga mapuloteni (kwa amino zidulo lysine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, methionine - 20%), lipids (mafuta zidulo - mpaka 3%), mchere (mavitamini a gulu B, PP, E ndi K - 1%), mahomoni (asafe ndi asafe-free extractives - mpaka 2%) ndi chinyezi. Izi mankhwala - zofunika chachikulu cha phosphorous chinthu chofunika omanga fupa, komanso kagayidwe ma.

Kodi mawu akuti "nyama" makampani chakudya

Nyama ndi ulusi minofu kuti zimakhala ozungulira - mafuta, connective, chichereŵechereŵe, mitsempha ndi fupa ndi magazi. Nthawi zina, otchedwa zinyalala - chiwindi, mtima, impso, zakulera, ubongo, chichereŵechereŵe, nyama ndi zinenero kum'mero. Zakudya Zam'nyanja ndi nsomba sizikhudza ku nyama.

Makampani chakudya zofala kwambiri ntchito nyama zoweta anakweza kuphedwa. More kawirikawiri mankhwala zophikiratu ntchito minofu minofu ya nyama zakutchire, zokwawa komanso achule. Chofunika kwambiri ndi makhalidwe mtundu wa ogula ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala.

Atsopano, chilled ndi mazira nyama

Malinga ndi boma matenthedwe wa nyama yaiwisi lagawidwa atsopano, chilled ndi mazira.

Awiri mankhwala imatengedwa ngati kuchokera pamene kukaphedwa sanali maola oposa 6. Ndi zofunikira kwambiri mawu a tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso ndi kununkhira. Popeza nyama yatsopano mwamsanga chatsitsa, izo aikidwa mu firiji ndipo analola kuti kuziziritsa kwa kutentha wa ulusi ndi mafupa 0 ... 4 madigiri Celsius. The utakhazikika, mankhwala kwathunthu wakucha chinaperekedwa ku yozizira koopsa wotsatira.

Zophikira ndi sayansi katundu wa nyama zimasungika ngati yozizira koopsa ndi defrosting ikuchitika molondola. Yozizira ayenera kudya mode mantha ndi defrost pang'onopang'ono popanda zipangizo Iyamba Kuthamanga m'firiji pamtunda.

Nyama kugawikana m'magulu potengera nyama mafuta

Ng'ombe pa wamafuta ndi m'magulu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Kuzungulira oyamba adzakhala tagged sitampu, wachiwiri - lalikulu. Chibakuwa manyazi. nyama wamng'ono Komanso anaika chizindikiro m'kalata "M", amene aikidwa kwa lamanja la gulu wamafuta.

Nkhumba nyama ndi m'magulu atatu wamafuta ndi kuwasindikiza wofiirira manyazi:

- Chimachita mafuta Nkhumba :. Backfat makulidwe - 4 cm sitampu zozungulira.

- nyama yankhumba nkhumba: backfat makulidwe - 4.2 masentimita zozungulira sitampu ndi kalata "B" ..

- nkhumba nyama :. Backfat makulidwe - 1.5-4 masentimita sitampu lalikulu.

- Nkhumba - trimmings. Manyazi a lalikulu ndi.

Pamene imalandira lowunikira la nyama yaiwisi anali ayesedwa ndi fungo, maonekedwe, kugwirizana kwa mafuta subcutaneous, tendons ndi msuzi quality, amene anali welded mayeso mankhwala.

Kodi uyenera kukhala chilled nyama?

Katundu nyama osati pansi yozizira koopsa, zotsatirazi:

- wotumbululuka pinki woongoka ulusi wofiira;

- kudula nyama pang'ono yonyowa, koma osati yomata;

- malamulowo olimba, zotanuka, ndi dint yofuna chala msanga angaimbidwenso;

- nyama madzi poyela;

- fungo lokondweretsa, oyenera mitundu wapatsidwa;

- nkhumba mafuta - woyera, ng'ombe - kuwala chikasu;

- yophika msuzi bwino, ndi kukoma osangalatsa ndi kukoma zabwino.

Quality defrosted nyama

The katundu wa nyama, wakhala pansi yozizira koopsa, ayenera kukhala:

- wofiira ulusi;

- ulusi nonelastic, zofewa kugwirizana, dents ndi kukanikiza chala si limagwirizana;

- msuzi turbid, umabala zambiri lonse, palibe fungo osiyana.

Nyama akulu Mosiyana ndi achinyamata ali ndi mtundu mdima, wandiweyani, wandiweyani ndi okhwima tendons ndi mafilimu.

zinyalala

Specific kulemera nkhumba zinyalala - 17%, nkhosa - 20%, ng'ombe - 24%.

Gulu loyamba ndi phindu zakudya monga zinyalala zotsatirazi: chiwindi, lilime, impso, ubongo ndi mtima wa mitundu yonse ya ng'ombe, ndi udder, zakulera, ng'ombe michira ndi mutton.

The chachiwiri: mutu popanda lilime, mapapo, miyendo m'munsi, milomo, ndulu, kum'mero, pakhosi, mitundu yonse ya ng'ombe, atsogoleri a nkhosa zamphongo ndi nkhosa ndi chinenero ndi ubongo, mchira ndipo matumbo a nkhumba, zam'mimba, rennet, kaltyk, fetlock limodzi makutu ng'ombe ndi nkhumba.

NKHANI kuphika zinyalala

Wamkulu ogula n'zofunika ndi zinthu za gulu loyamba:

- Chiwindi - zikomo kukhalapo kwa yambiri mavitamini A ndiponso B, mahomoni, calcium, chitsulo ndi mkuwa. Pokonzekera ntchito mankhwala chakudya ndi ufulu wa ducts ya ndulu, ndi ng'ombe, kuwonjezera, kuchotsa tepi. Chiwindi ntchito mapayi kuphika, stewing ndi Frying.

- The impso. Iwo ndi mafuta woyera ndi fungo yeniyeni. Ndi filimu impso kuchotsedwa, kudula mafuta ndi ankawaviika madzi angapo maola 4-5. mankhwala ankawaviika ladzala ndi madzi abwino, anabweretsa kwa chithupsa ndi yophika pafupifupi 5 Mphindi. madzi otsala kachiwiri, osambitsidwa ndi impso ndi, kachiwiri, mudzaze ndi madzi ndi chithupsa mpaka kuphika. Yophika impso ntchito Frying, sautéing ndi soups.

- Udder ntchito chitumbuwa kudzazidwa. Kadulidwa mu magawo angapo, ziwiya lalikulu amachotsedwa, osambitsidwa ndi madzi ozizira ndi anadutsa wringer kawiri.

- Zinenero bwinobwino anatsuka burashi, scrape kuchokera dothi wamakani ndi mpeni ndi chithupsa m'madzi ozizira. Khungu inachotsedwa zinenero yomalizidwa otentha pansi ndege ya madzi ozizira.

Umatuluka wa Gulu lachiwiri - ndi fetlock olowa ndi makutu - mosamala singe moto, anafukula dothi ndi mapesi, scalded ndi madzi otentha. Fetlock olowa kuwaza m'litali ndi sanded pakati pa ziboda za. mankhwala ndi awa ntchito yokonzekera jellies.

mbalame

Nkhuku nyama - lofunika chakudya mankhwala. Amakhala mosavuta zidyeke mapuloteni, mahomoni, mafuta, mavitamini ndi mchere mchere. The chiŵerengero cha mapuloteni mkulu amasankha, ndipo zosalongosoka amakhala phindu zamoyo mankhwala, monga nkhuku, ndi 13: 1. The zili zakudya zimadalira mitundu, zaka, kugonana, zimasokoneza ndi mafuta. Nkhuku zili kwa 22%, atsekwe ndi abakha - pafupifupi 18%, Turkey - mpaka 24% a zakudya za kulemera okwana nyama ya. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu abakha ukufika 50% ya nyama kulemera, atsekwe - 38%.

mbali kugonana kwenikweni nyama nkhuku. The katundu wa nyama zimenezi chifukwa zaka, amene anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe awo. Amuna, paphiri lino. Pa yearling atambala akafika masentimita 2 m'litali. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi paphiri ndi protrusion yaing'ono. Wakale nkhuku miyendo ataphimbidwa ndi khungu coarse akhakula. M'badwo wa nkhuku Amayesetsanso ndi mapeto a muyezo fupa. Mu nyama ndi zotanuka, gristly, anaŵerama mosavuta, wakale - zovuta, ossified.

Nyama waterfowl mdima kuposa nyama ya turkeys ndi nkhuku. Mtundu atsekwe ndi abakha CHIKWANGWANI sikudalira malo minofu, ndipo turkeys ndi nkhuku mwendo minofu mdima mtundu kuposa pa mapiko ndiponso mabere.

Mafuta - wachiwiri zofunika khalidwe, imene nyama nkhuku Akuti. Katundu wa mbalame nyama zodyetsedwa mafuta amaonedwa yabwino. Nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, turkeys ndi gulu loyamba ndi wambirimbiri mafuta.

Nsonga processing nyama

- mbalame pamaso kuphika kuchotsa nthenga muyeso, ufa pakani kapena chinangwa wokazinga pamoto, kukoka mapiko ku thupi ndi miyendo. The stumps anatsala tinyamuke ndi tweezers.

- Kuti nyama yaitali mwatsopano mwa firiji, izo ayanjane mphindi 1-5 mu mchere madzi otentha. Choncho ankachitira mankhwala kungakhale kwa masiku angapo kusungidwa mu ozizira, mpweya wokwanira, kuchitiridwa ntchentche.

- Nyama akhoza kusungidwa kunja firiji kwa masiku angapo ngati atakulungidwa mu nsalu ankawaviika viniga amphamvu. Pamaso ntchito, mankhwala ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira.

- Popeza ngakhale firiji m'chilimwe, m'nyengo yotentha, nyama adzatsala watsopano kwa masiku angapo, ngati opaka ndi madzi atsopano mandimu ndi kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira malo ozizira. mandimu sichisangalatsa ntchentche.

- Sungani nyama akhoza atakulungidwa mu pepala greaseproof ndipo kenako chinsalu impregnated ndi amphamvu saline njira. Ziyenera kukhala nsalu yonyowa zina kulisunga youma.

- Ngati akale nyama ng'ombe nyama pamaso kuphika kabati mpiru kumbali zonse, zidzakhala wachifundo ndi msanga amakhala zofewa. Atangotsala pang'ono kuphika ayenera rinsed ndi madzi ozizira.

- Sizisuntha ng'ombe adzakhala kuphika msanga ngati kumufooketsa kudya ndi nyundo. The madzi imene umafululidwa, m'pofunika kutsanulira 2-3 tbsp. viniga.

- Pamene kuika nyama mu uvuni izo sprayed madzi otentha kapena msuzi. M'madzi ozizira, zidzakhala lolimba.

- Kuti nyama anali ouma kwambiri mu uvuni, kumene kukonzedwa, kuika chidebe cha madzi. Ukuphwera, izo kumathandiza mankhwala kwa kuyanika.

- Pamene kuphika nyama ndi fungo yeniyeni rumen mwachitsanzo, kuika mu makala madzi (zidutswa 2-3). Iye zimatenga fungo.

- The chiwindi Sadzalawa bwino ngati ankawaviika pamaso kuphika mu mkaka kwa maola 2-3.

- Mwatsopano yaiwisi chiwindi ngati kukonzekera kudzachitike kwa kanthawi, ndipewe atayanika kunja, topaka mafuta.

- Sausages ndi sausages zambiri amaphulika m'madzi otentha. Iwo sangakhoze kuphika pa onse, ndi mwachangu kapena nthunzi bwinobwino mu madzi osamba.