Real dzina Utesova. Wambiri Leonid Utesov

Ayang'ana pozungulira ndi kuyesa kupeza munthu amene sakudziwa chomwe kukongola Odessa? "Pakuti Odessa" kamodzi tidamva mwamtheradi anthu onse a m'dziko lathu. Ena akhala kumeneko ndi kupuma makamaka mpweya, chikondi ake ena ndi kudziwa mabuku, mafilimu ndi nyimbo. Pamene iwo amati ku Odessa, "Kodi inu mukufuna nyimbo? Iwo ndi ine! "Ndipo woimba woyamba ndi woimba amene mumaganiza mu nkhani iyi, ndithudi, Leonid Utesov. Dzina lenileni la izi lodziwika bwino iliyonse zisudzo, mafilimu a kanema ndi nyimbo - Vaysbeyn ndi dzina lenileni - Lazaro kapena Leiser. Nyumba iyo inkatchedwa chabe Ledyaev Ledechka.

Childhood ku Odessa

Leonid Osipovich Utesov yonena anayamba March 22, 1895 (mu mainsaikulopediya amasonyeza tsiku 21 March) mu mzinda wa Odessa. Ndiye, pa nambala 11 pa triangular msewu mnyamata anabadwa amene anali kukhala wotchuka yekha nalemekeza mzinda wake chinali kudzaonekera. Patapita zaka zambiri, ndinasintha dzina la Alley kwa msewu Utesova.

Vaysbeyn Banja (dzina lenileni Utesova) inali yaikulu - bambo ndi mayi wa ana asanu. Atate, Joseph (Osip) Kalmanovich ntchito forwarder pa doko, mayi - Malka Moiseevna - anaima helm banja lake, kulamulira nyumba yonse (kuphatikizapo mwamuna wake) ndi dzanja olimba. mayi Ayuda ndi mkazi - ndi "chinachake osiyana," ndipo palibe amene anapandukira matriarchy m'nyumba mu triangular msewu. Ledechka, zikuoneka anatengera mtima wa mayi, omwe sakanakhoza zimaonekera moyo wake. Koma ngati Malka Moiseevna anatumiza khalidwe lanu kuti athetse nkhani za m'banja - kasamalidwe mwamuna wake ndi ana, nkhondo wopambana ndi bizinezi pa Privoz, ndi Ledyaev ankathamanga ena kunja kunyumba ya bambo ake.

Choyamba, iye anayesetsa ndi bwinobwino anamenyana, ngakhale anakhala penapake wa wotchuka m'dziko la anyamata a Odessa. Kachiwiri, Ledyaev Vaysbeyn anali wophunzira yekha achotsedwa malonda College Faig - mabungwe, wotchuka chifukwa dongosolo lake owolowa manja. Masiku amenewo, Ayuda (ndipo dzina lenileni Utesova, monga ife kumbukirani, Ayuda) akhoza mlandu% 5 okha pa chiwerengero cha ophunzira a bungwe lililonse yophunzitsa Russia. Faig Only chilolezo kulandira 50% ya ana a anthu osankhidwa. Ledyaev Vaysbeyn (dzina lenileni Utesova) kapena kugunda, kapena doused mu inki mmodzi wa aphunzitsi ndipo anachotsedwa mpanda wa bungwe kwamuyaya. Posapita nthawi, hoodlum achinyamata ganyu woyendayenda maseŵeralo Borodanova udindo wa "wolemba Bill" ndipo anachoka mu mzindawu.

moyo woyendayendawu

Mu masewera aja, anaphunzira kuyenda tightrope, ndi oimba ng'oma pamodzi, odzisangulutsa omvera mwa mawonekedwe a "ofiira tsitsi chisudzo." Pokolesil pa mizinda ndi midzi, mu 1912 Ledyaev anabwerera ku Odessa ndi kupita ku ntchito zisudzo la sewero lanthabwala ndi farce kuti Skowronski. Komabe, iye ananena chikhalidwe: "Palibe Vaysbeyn" (dzina lenileni Utesov) - ndipo anamulangiza kusankha dzina zambiri koposa. Young Chithunzi anazindikira malangizo yeniyeni anayamba sankhani dzina, mu nyimbo ndi dzina la phiri: miyala, Gorin, Gorsky, ndipo potsiriza ovuta. Pa nthawi yomweyo ine anasintha Ledyu pa Lenya.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Utesova dzina chenicheni kudziŵika mu m'banja yopapatiza. dziko wake ndi kum'konda ndi latsopano "lapamwamba" dzina.

"Kodi inu mumawatcha bwato ..."

Mu 1913, kumene Leonid Utesov (dzina lenileni sadzamva awonekere playbills a) adalowa la zamasewero ankapenta, ili mu mzinda wa Kremenchug. Apa ntchito ed anavula.

Chithunzicho wamng'ono anamasulidwa zabwino pansi udindo "Kuchokera tsoka kwa oimba ng'oma pamodzi ndi." The kusewera anali kwambiri maola. Choyamba Leonid kuchita lachidule kuchokera ntchito kwambiri, ndiye anaimba kuchita operetta, pambuyo anali kuimba zeze choyamba mu zeze atatu ndiye ankaimba pantomime. Koma si onse. Pomwepo adadza couplets satirical, zoseketsa nkhani, kuvina nyimbo, parody, juggling, ndi chomaliza - zouluka pa oimba ng'oma pamodzi ndi. Iye anali bwino analandira, makamaka Odessa. A zimakupiza luntha mosalekeza wamng'ono wosewera anali wotchuka mfumu ya kumidima - Misha Yaponchik (Vinnitsa dzina lake lenileni). Leonid Utesov, iye kangapo anathandiza nkhani yake (Mishkin) "Dipatimenti".

ukwati

Ngati wojambula aliyense wotchuka, makamaka achinyamata ndi otentha, Leonid anaonekera zambiri mafani. Komanso nthawi zonse ali pa chibwenzi ndi mnzake pa zisudzo. A m'banja mnyamata Ammayi Elena Goldina (Lena) mu 1914. Posakhalitsa mwana wamkazi Edith anabadwa. Mu gawo ili la banja awo anapulumuka zaka 48. Elena, komanso Malka kamodzi, anatenga helm ya sitimayo banja mu manja awo, ndipo chifukwa iye, kuyandama kwa nthawi yaitali.

moyo ed

Leonid Utesov kumenya zosiyanasiyana owonetsera: Big ndi Small Richelieu, kakang'ono Theatre mzinda wa Kherson, ndi zisudzo mafoni "Mose". Kuwonjezera pa zisudzo powonekera, wosewera wamng'ono anaonekera pa siteji. Mu 1917 iye anapambana mpikisano kupletistov unachitikira Gomel. Mu 1919 iye anachita mbali yaing'ono mu filimu "mkulu Schmidt -. Ufulu womenya"

Mu makumi wa ovuta ndi banja lake anasamukira oyamba Moscow ndipo kenako Leningrad. Iye wadutsa kuchokera ku zisudzo wina ndi mzake, konse kukhala yaitali.

Kujambula jazi oketsra

Izi "flutter" chinakhalapo mpaka 1928, pamene Leonid Utesov anapeza chikondi chachikulu - jazi. Izo zinachitika pa ulendo ndi banja lake Paris. Pali nawo pa ntchito ya American Jazz Orchestra motsogozedwa Teda Lyuisa, ndipo anasangalala ndi zimene anaona ndi kumva. Kunyumba, Leonid amatha kulinganiza jazi awo gulu, amene adayitana "Tiyi-jazi". Dzina zinasintha kangapo (boma Jazz Orchestra wa RSFSR, boma Pop oketsra RSFSR), koma chinthu chachikulu chinali kuti timu anali kuchita masewera jazi mu Soviet Russia, yomwe ndi mayendedwe nyimbo, monga chonchi, kunena zoona, okayikitsa.

Poyamba, oimba ankaimba nyimbo makamaka yachilendo Komabe, mwamsanga chifukwa cha repertoire wake mwapadera olembedwa nyimbo ndi zidutswa malangizo. Mlembi A akhafunika pikulu akhali Isaac Dunaevskii - anali mnzake wa Leonid Utesov.

"Jolly anyamata"

Anthu ambiri amadziwika ndi Lyubov Utesovu ndi oketsra chake chabweretsa nawo wotchuka filimu Alexandrov "Jolly anyamata", limene linatuluka mu 1934. Pambuyo mwamtheradi anthu onse a dziko kuyimba nyimbo zake ndi kuphunzira nkhope wosewera wa.

Nkhondo ndi unawonongedwa zaka

Pa WWII, Leonid Utesov anayenda ndi zoimbaimba kutsogolo, mobwerezabwereza pansi bomba ndi shelling, koma anapitiriza kulankhula kutsogolo kwa asilikali.

Nkhondo itatha, oimba Utesov anabwera dziko, mwamakhalidwe akuthandiza muno, chifukwa, mawu a nyimbo yake, "Ife kumanga nyimbo ndi kutithandiza moyo." Mu zaka wotsatira, ndi gulu anapitiriza konsati ntchito adayamba zisudzo pa wailesi ndi televizioni, kupanga mbiri. Utesova mwana wamkazi, Edith, adaoneka pabodzi atate wake - anali soloist limodzi ndi oimba wake.

Mu zaka kuchepekela

Mu 1962 anamwalira mkazi wake Elena. Ngakhale ubwenzi yaitali zikufanana ndi Antonina Revel, umapulumuka imfa ya wokondedwa anatembenukira kwa Leonid Osipovich tipirire.

Iye adaleka kuyankhula, ndi monga pokhapokha kofunika kwambiri kuti tichoke m'nyumbamo. Antonina woona anakhala pafupi, koma mwalamulo anakwatira ovuta amuchitira zaka 20 kenaka, pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi mu 1982 matenda aakulu. Koma wosangalala sakhalitsa. Patapita miyezi ingapo, Leonid Osipovich anamwalira ali ndi zaka 87.

Ngakhale kuti moyo wake Utesov ankakhala Leningrad, iye nthaŵi zonse Odessa. Ndipo tsopano, zaka 30 pambuyo pa imfa yake, kuganizira za munthu uyu, ife tikuwona misewu dzuwa ndakhuta, timamva pa milomo mchere nyanja mphepo ndi kumva:

"Pali mzinda lomwe ndikuwona m'kulota,
O, ngati inu mukanadziwa bwanji wokondedwa
Pa Nyanja Black amene anaonekera kwa ine
Maluwa acacias mzinda ... "